,第十章催證、審證和改證,英文版,主目錄,一、催證在信用證方式下，買方按約定的時間開證是賣方履行合同的前提條件。在正常情況下，買方信用證最少應在貨物裝運期前15天（有時規(guī)定30天）開到賣方手中。但在實際業(yè)務中，買方往往拖延開證,英文版,上一頁,因此，賣方在以下幾種情況下，應及時催促買方開證：1、合同規(guī)定裝運期限較長（如三個月），同時規(guī)定買方應在我方裝運期前一定期限（如15天）內(nèi)開證，那么我們應在通知對方預計裝運期時，同時催促對方按約定時間開證。,英文版,上一頁,2、如果根據(jù)我方備貨和船舶情況，有可能提前裝運時，也可與對方商量，要求其提前開證。3、買方未在銷售合同規(guī)定期限內(nèi)開立信用證，賣方可催促買方開證。經(jīng)催促后買方仍不開證的，賣方有權(quán)向?qū)Ψ揭髶p害賠償。,英文版,上一頁,4、開證期限未到，但發(fā)現(xiàn)客戶資信不佳，或市場情況有變，也可催促對方開證。催促開證的信函內(nèi)容如“SalesContractNo.123Goodsareready.PleaserushtoopentherelevantL/C”。,英文版,上一頁,二、審證收到信用證后，賣方按跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例進行審核。其基本原理是信用證的內(nèi)容與合同規(guī)定相一致。,英文版,上一頁,銀行審核的內(nèi)容：（1）政治性、政策性審核；（2）資信情況審核；（3）信用證真?zhèn)蔚膶徍?；?）保付文句和限制性條款審核；,英文版,上一頁,外貿(mào)公司審核的內(nèi)容：（1）審核信用證的種類；（2）審核開證申請人和受益人；（3）審核信用證的金額及采用的貨幣；（4）審核有關(guān)貨物的記載；（5）審核到期日和到期地點；,英文版,上一頁,（6）審核裝運期和有效期；（7）審核轉(zhuǎn)船和分批裝運條款；（8）審核付款方式；（9）審核要求提交的單據(jù)；（10）審核信用證上印就的條款和特殊條款；（信用證常見不符點見附本）,英文版,上一頁,三、改證信用證修改有兩個原因：一是受益人的原因。凡不符合我國對外貿(mào)易方針政策，影響合同履行和安全收匯的情況，我們必須要求國外客戶進行修改；二是開證申請人的原因，因為情況的變化迫使開證申請人認為有必要修改信用證條款。,英文版,上一頁,1、信用證修改的程序（1）開證申請人向信用證的開證行申請修改信用證。（見式樣9-1）。（2）開證行審核同意后，向信用證原通知行發(fā)出信用證修改書（見式樣9-2），修改一經(jīng)發(fā)出就不能撤銷。,英文版,上一頁,（3）通知行收到后，驗核修改書的表面真實性并將其轉(zhuǎn)達給受益人。（4）修改書的通知程序和信用證的通知程序大致相同，修改通知書（見式樣9-3）應作如下指示：“請書面回復我行可否接受本次修改以便答復開證行?！毙庞米C項,英文版,上一頁,下修改，受益人如不接受應盡快通知并將修改書正本退回通知行，以便將受益人意見轉(zhuǎn)告開證行。（5）受益人同意接受后，則信用證項下修改正式生效。如受益人拒絕接受修改，將修改通知書退回通知行，并附表示拒絕接受,英文版,上一頁,修改的文件，則此項修改不能成立，視為無效。受益人對修改拒絕或接受的表態(tài)，可推遲至交單時。,英文版,上一頁,Chapter10Urging、examiningandamendinganL/C,Chinese,List,UrgingthecustomerintoestablishinganL/C:Whenacontractisconcluded,thebuyerisusuallyundertheobligationtoestablishanL/Cwithhisbankwithinthetimelimitstipulatedinthesalescontract.Especiallyforbulksaleorthecommoditiesproducedaccordingtobuyersrequest,itisveryimportantforthebuyertoopentheL/Cintime;otherwise,thesellercantarrangetheproductionandcommodities.Normally,thebuyersL/Cshouldreachtheseller15days(or30days)beforeshipment.Butinpractice,foreigncustomersalwaysdelayopeningtheL/Cwhenthemarketconditionchangesortheshortageoffundarises.Soweshouldalwayskeepaneyeonit.,Chinese,Back,Topromotethebusiness,weshouldurgetheothersidetoopentheL/Cunderthefollowingconditions:1、thecontractstipulatesarelativelylongshipment(asfor3months),andthebuyershouldopentheL/Cseveraldaysbeforetheshipment(asfor15days).ThenweshouldinformbuyertheestimatedshipmentandurgehimintoopeningtherelativeL/Contime.,Chinese,Back,2、ifwecanadvancetheshipment,wemaynegotiatewiththebuyerandrequestadvancingopeningtheL/C.3、ifthebuyerfailstoopentherelativeL/Contime,thesellerownstherighttoclaimcompensationfordamages.,Chinese,Back,4、althoughitisnotthedeadline,butifwefindthatthecustomerscreditisnotfineorthemarketconditionischanging,wealsomayurgethebuyerintoopeningtheL/C.“SalesContractNo.123Goodsareready.PleaserushtoopentherelevantL/C”。,Chinese,Back,ExaminingtheL/C：AfterreceivingthebuyersL/C,thesellershouldexamineandverifyitincontrastwiththecontractaccordingtotheUCP.ThebasicprincipleofL/CexaminingisthatthecontentofL/Cmustbeconsistentwiththecontract.ButinpracticemanyforeignL/Carenottotallyinaccordancewithcontracts.Reasonsarevarious.Forexample,somecountriesandareasalwayshavespecialregulationsinpractice,someforeigncustomersarenotfamiliarwithourpolicies,someforeigncustomersoropeningbanksmakemistakes,orsomeforeigncustomersdeliberatelyaddsomeunreasonableclausesintheL/C,andsoon.SowemustseriouslyexamineandverifythoseforeignL/C.,Chinese,Back,Maincontentofbanksverification：（1）VerifytheL/Conpoliticsandpolicy；（2）VerifytheL/Conliability；（3）VerifytheL/Conauthenticity；（4）VerifytheL/Conthewordsthatguaranteepaymentandrestrictedclause；,Chinese,Back,Maincontentofcompanysverification：（1）VerifytheL/ConthevarietyofL/C；（2）VerifytheL/Contheapplicantandbeneficiary；（3）VerifytheL/Contheamountandcurrency；（4）VerifytheL/Contherecordofcommodity；（5）verifytheL/Conthedateandplaceofexpiration；,Chinese,Back,（6）VerifytheL/Conthetimeofshipmentandvalidity；（7）VerifytheL/Contheclauseoftransshipmentandpartialshipment；（8）VerifytheL/Conthetermsofpayment；（9）VerifytheL/Contherequireddocuments；（10）VerifytheL/Contheprintedclausesandspecialclauses；（TheusualdifferenceseeEnclosure）,Chinese,Back,AmendingtheL/C：TworeasonsresultintheamendmentofanL/C.Oneisforthebeneficiary.Generallyforthosethatarenotinaccordancewithourforeigntradepolicies,orinfluencetheperformanceofcontractandthesecurityofpayment,wemustaskcustomerstoamendtheL/Cthroughopeningbank.Theotherreasonisfortheapplicant.TheapplicantmaybeforcedtochangesomeclausesofL/Cbecauseofthechangingsituation.,Chinese,Back,1、ProceduresofmodificationThemodificationoughttobeappliedbytheapplicant,andtakeseffectaftertheagreementoftheopeningbankandthebeneficiary.（1）theapplicantsubmittheapplicationofamendmenttotheopeningbank,。（seeform9-1)（2）theopeningbanksendsmodificationtotheoriginalnotifyingbankafterexaminingtheapplication,andthismodificationisirrevocable.（seeform9-2）,Chinese,Back,（3）Afterreceivingthemodification,thenotifyingbankexaminesitssurfaceauthenticityandtransmitittothebeneficiary.（4）ThenotifyingprocedureofmodificationissimilartothatoftheL/C.Thenotificationshouldindicate:“pleasewritebacktoourbankwhetherthemodificationisaccepted”.Ifthebeneficiarydoesntacceptthemodification,heoughttoreturnittothenotifyingbankassoonaspossible,sothatthenotifyingbankcanpassontheinformationtotheopeningbank.（seeform9-3）,Chinese,Back,（5）Themodificati