PassiveVoice被動(dòng)語態(tài),英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.主動(dòng)句：主語（施動(dòng)者）+謂動(dòng)+賓語（受動(dòng)者）被動(dòng)句：主語（受動(dòng)者）+be謂動(dòng)過分+by+施動(dòng)者2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語：be動(dòng)詞+p.p.(過分詞）e.g.Theschoolwasbuiltlastyear.學(xué)校是去年修的3.主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換方法：1）.把原來的賓語提到前面作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語;2）.把動(dòng)詞變成“be+過去分詞”;3）.主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。e.g.Theycleanedtheroom.主動(dòng)句Theroomwascleanedbythem.被動(dòng)句*若施動(dòng)者不重要，by+施動(dòng)者口語中常省略。3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)有各種時(shí)態(tài)：,基本形式：be+done(以do為例）1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done2.一般過去時(shí)：was/were+done3.一般將來時(shí)：(shall/will/begoingto)be+done4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+done5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can等+be+donee.g.Theroomisoftencleaned.房間要經(jīng)常打掃。Thebookswerestolenyesterday.書昨天被偷了。Youwillbepunishedbymathteachertomorrow.你明天要被數(shù)學(xué)老師懲罰了。Myhomeworkhavebeenfinished.我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)做完了Yourclothesshouldbewashed.你的衣服該洗了。（以上句子中都省略了by+施動(dòng)者）*可見，被動(dòng)句的各種時(shí)態(tài)只變be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)就行，過去分詞始終不變。,表格：被動(dòng)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu),am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,(shall/will/begoingto)bedone,wouldbedone,have/hasbeendone,hadbeendone,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+donemustbedone/mustntbedoneshouldbedone/shouldntbedonecanbedone/cantbedonemaybedone/mightbedone,Oralpractice-主動(dòng)句改被動(dòng)句,Oralpractice-1.Changeeachsentenceintopassivevoice:Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.Thesetwokidsplanttreeseveryyear3)Weshouldprotecttheearth4)WellputontheplaynextSunday,Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday,Treesareplantedbythesetwokidseveryyear.,Theearthshouldbeprotectedbyus.,TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday.,補(bǔ)充作業(yè)：一.翻譯（用被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯，注意時(shí)態(tài)）：1.我的紅鋼筆被他偷了。2.他的錢已經(jīng)被用完了。3.這輛自行車經(jīng)常修。4.這個(gè)房間能使用。5.這個(gè)房子將被賣掉。二.把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。1.Iwateredtheflowers.2.Sheboughtajacket.3.Heoftenwasheshisclothes.4.Imgongtovisitmymother.5.Theycanplaybasketball.6.Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople三.把下列句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧洳⒒卮?，再變?yōu)榉穸ň?這種變化與以前學(xué)的一樣：有be變be動(dòng)詞，有其他助動(dòng)詞則變助動(dòng)詞，有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則變情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.Thebagwastakenbyhim.2.Thefoodshouldbeeaten.3.Myworkhasbeendone.,一.1.Mypenwasstolenbyhim.2.Hismoneyhasbeenrunout.3.Thebikeisoftenrepaired.4.Theroomcanbeused.5.Thehousewillbesold.二.1.Theflowerswerewateredbyme.2.Ajacketwasboughtbyher.3.Hisclothesareoftenwashedbyhim.4.Mymotherisgongtobevisitedbyme.5.Basketballcanbeplayedbyhim.三.1.Wasthebagtakenbyhim?Yes,itis/No,itisnt.Thebagwasnttakenbyhim.2.Shouldthefoodbeeaten?Yes,itshould/No,itshouldnt3.Hastheworkbeendone?Yes,ithas./No,ithasnt.,一.生活中不是每個(gè)句子都需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示。像“Basketballwasplayedbyhim”雖然語法是對(duì)的，但意思很別扭。所以生活中用主動(dòng)句用的還是多一些。什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)句呢？*一般是沒必要說出施動(dòng)者，或不知道施動(dòng)者是誰，或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)受動(dòng)者，才采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如.他的錢包被偷了；我的作業(yè)完成了；水賣完了，杭州出產(chǎn)茶葉；英語在全世界廣泛使用等。e.g.TeaisproducedinHangzhou.Englishisspokenwidelyintheworld.二.注意：漢語中這些字也常表示“被動(dòng)：為，給，叫，讓，遭等，但它們多數(shù)時(shí)候作動(dòng)詞，所以要仔細(xì)分析，根據(jù)主語和謂語動(dòng)的關(guān)系來判斷是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。e.g.他給我一本書(give).你的記性給狗吃了(waseaten)你叫他吃飯（ask).你的書包叫他拿了（wastaken)他為你買單。(foryou).他為情所困（istroubled）你讓她進(jìn)來（let).你讓他騙了。（wasfooled)他遭遇車禍了（happen).他遭他爸打了（washit)三.漢語是主動(dòng)句，但為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以翻譯成被動(dòng)句。e.g.我撿的這個(gè)錢包。Thewalletwaspickedbyme.,常用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)短語：1.bemadeof:由.制作成的Thedeskismadeofwood.桌子是木頭做的。(成品看得見原材料）2.bemadefrom：由.制作成的Breadismadefromwheat.面包是小麥做的.(成品看不見原材料）3.bemadein：TheclothesaremadeinChina.衣服是中國造的4.beusedtodo=beusedfordoing被用來做.如Steelisusedtobuildhouse.=Steelisusedforbuildinghouse.5.beusedby.被某人使用.Theroomisusedbyhim.6.beusedas.被作為.來使用。Thejacketisusedasaquilt.7.beknownfor=befamousfor.以.而出名/而眾所周知8.Itissaidthat.據(jù)說.8.Itisreportedthat.據(jù)報(bào)道.注意：beusedtodoing某人習(xí)慣于做.(主語和后的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系beusedtodo主語被用來做.（主語和use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊用法：1.感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,notice,feel,listento,lookat和使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have等作賓語補(bǔ)語的都是原型；但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后必須帶to。e.g.makesb.do(原型）sth.使某人做某事seesb.do(原型）sth.看見某人做某事1).Iheardhimsingjustnow.-Hewasheardtosingjustnowbyme.2).wemakethemgohome.-Theyaremadetogohomebyus.作業(yè)：變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Ioftenseeyouwashyourclothes.2.Hefoundsomebodycrynexttotheroom.3.Theteacherletthemdance.4.Imadethelittleboysleep.,二.require和need等用ing形式表被動(dòng)。e.g.TheroomneedscleaningYourfacerequireswashing.也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Theroomneedstobecleaned.Yourfacerequirestobewashed.,以下動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的。1.系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)：be,become變成，成為,turn變得,get變得,sound聽起來,look看起來,feel摸起來,smell聞起來等。e.g.Theclothesfeelwell.Themusicsoundboring.Theroomgetsdirty.2.表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)keep,stay,等e.g.Theclassroomshouldkeepquiet.3.不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。happen發(fā)生，takeplace發(fā)生，appear出現(xiàn)，begin開始，last持續(xù)，end結(jié)束.open,close等e.g.Themeetinghasbegun.Somethinghappenedyesterday.Theshopwillopenatsevenoclock.,Quiz1,Quiz11.Thesteel_coldA.isfeltB.wasfeelingC.feelsD.isbeingfelt2.Hisplan_goodA.hassoundedB.issoundingC.issoundedD.sounds,C,D,Quiz2,Quiz2Theshop_at6am.everydayA.opensB.openedC.isopenedD.isopeningWork_at7pm.todayA.endsB.endedC.wasendedD.hadended,A,B,Thepen_smoothlyA.waswroteB.writesC.haswritingD.iswrittenThiscoat_easilyA.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed,Quiz3,B,C,Yourjacketneeds_(wash)Thehouserequires_(repair),Quiz4,washing,repairing,Thefishisnotfit_(eat)WefindEnglishdifficult_(learn),Quiz5,toeat,tolearn,Ihavemuchhomework_(do)Illgivetheboysomebooks_(read),Quiz6,todo,toread,Correctingmistake,2.Correctthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?,wassent,willlast,werehurt,4)Afirewasbrokenoutlastnight5)Hehadtotravelbybusashiscarwasdamagedinanaccidentafewdaysbefore6)Thelargebuildingthatisnowbuiltwillbeahospital,hadbeendamaged,isnowbeingbuilt,brokeout,7)Classisbegunat7:30everyday8)Hisplanissoundedgood9)Yourcoatneedsbeingwashed,begins,sounds,tobewashed/washing,1.Anexhibitionofpaintings_atthemuseumnextweekAaretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholdingDwillhold,Multiplechoice,B,2.Imsorry,sirYourrecorderisntreadyyetIt_inthefactoryisbeingrepairedisrepairedhasbeenrepairedhasntbeenrepaired,A,3Everypossiblemeans_,butnone_successfulA.hastried;hasprovedBtried;provesC.hasbeentried;provesD.isbeingtried;isproved,C,4Thequestionheaskedishard_A.foranswerB.toanswerCtobeansweredD.answering,B,5Inwarmweather,fruitandmeat_longcannotbekeptdontkeepmustntkeepisnotkept,A,6Hereceivedatelegram_:“Motherill”AwrittenB.readingC.saidD.writing,B,7.-Didyouhandhimtheletteryesterday?-No,I_tohimbroughtittookithaditsentcarriedit,C,8Alicehadadress_lastweekAmadeB.makeC.tobemadeD.tomake,A,9Theteachercouldntmakehim_attentiontobecausethestudentsweresonoisy.paypaidtopaytobepaid,B,10.-Whenwillthelecturebegin?-Whenthestudents_AhavesatBsatdownCwillsitDareseated,D,基本形式：be+done(以do為例）1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done2.一般過去時(shí)：was/were+done3.一般將來時(shí)：(shall/will/begoingto)be+done4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+done5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can等+be+done,e.g.Theroomisoftencleaned.房間要經(jīng)常打掃。Thebookswerestolenyesterday.書昨天被偷了。Youwillbepunishedbymathteachertomorrow.你明天要被數(shù)學(xué)老師懲罰了。Myhomeworkhavebeenfinished.我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)做完了Yourclothesshouldbewashed.你的衣服該了。（以上句子中都省略了by+施動(dòng)者）*可見，被動(dòng)句的各種時(shí)態(tài)只變be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)就行，過去分詞始終不變。,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)：1.不能改變時(shí)態(tài):主動(dòng)句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，被動(dòng)句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)；主動(dòng)句有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)句就該有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞e.g.Iaskedyou-YouwereaskedIaskyou-YouareaskedIaskhim-HeisaskedIwillaskyou-YouwillbeaskedIcanaskyou-Youcanbeasked2.不能改變句型：主動(dòng)句是一般疑問句，被動(dòng)句就是一般疑問句，主動(dòng)句是否定句，被動(dòng)句就是否定句，主動(dòng)句是特殊疑問句，被動(dòng)句就是特殊疑問句,Hedoesntwashtheclothes.-Theclothesarentwashedbyhim.Ididntgivethebooktoyou.-Thebookwasntgiventoyoubyme.Ishouldntcallyou.-Youshouldntbecalledbyme.Doyoufinishyourhomework?-Isyourhomeworkfinishedbyyou?Willhewatchthemovie?-Willthemoviebewatchedbyhim?Whendidyoueatlunch?Whenwasluncheaten?,感官動(dòng)詞的用法和使役動(dòng)詞一樣：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞原形和ing形式前，都要加上to.1.眼睛看到的：see,watch,notice,find,lookat.2.耳朵聽到的：hear,listento3.鼻子聞到的：smell4.皮膚感到的：feel.e.g.Isawhimplayingbasketball.被動(dòng)句:.2.Hedoesntfindsthegirlssingeveryday.被動(dòng):everyday,He,was,seen,to,play,by,me,Thegirls,arent,found,to,sing,by,him,關(guān)鍵題：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)Theteacherdidntmaketheboystandoutside.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Theboyoutsidebytheteacher.仔細(xì)觀察：1.原句是否定句，再看謂語動(dòng)詞是使役動(dòng)詞make，想想它的用法再做題。2.只變被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以過去式的時(shí)態(tài)和否定句的句式是不能變的。3.想想not該放在什么詞后，原句中是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞make才加的助動(dòng)詞did+not,而變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后呢？還有did嗎？錯(cuò)，因?yàn)樽優(yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后有了be動(dòng)詞了，而且要不能改變過去時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)。,wasnt,made,to,stand,練習(xí)題：把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。1.Ioftenseeyouwashyourclothes.2.Hefoundsomebodycrynexttotheroom.3.Theteacherletthemdance.4.Imadethelittleboysleep.5.Wedidntnoticeyourfriendsgoaway.6.Theypickupapplesinthecountry.7.Hedoesnthearyouplaythepiano.8.DoyoudoyouhomeworkonSunday?9.Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople.10.Canyoucleanyourroom?,11.Wherewillyouvisityourmother?12.Howdidhemakethetoycar?,Answers:1.Youoftenareseentowashyourclothesbyme.2.Somebodywasfoundtocrynexttotheroombyhim.3.Theywerelettodancebytheteacher.4.Thelittleboywasmadetosleepbyme.5.Yourfrien