汽車軸承清洗機(jī)電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)老師：田秀華專業(yè)：機(jī)械制造及自動(dòng)化（機(jī)械電子工程）班級(jí)：機(jī)電08-1姓名：王會(huì)穎學(xué)號(hào)：0807060118摘要隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，人民生活水平的提高，對(duì)汽車的需求也隨之增長。2009年我國全年汽車產(chǎn)銷量突破1300萬輛，躍居全球第一位。雖然我國汽車產(chǎn)量很大，但距離真正的汽車強(qiáng)國還有很長的距離。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的關(guān)鍵總成，其生產(chǎn)制造工藝與國外相比亦有很大差距。然而，在影響軸承質(zhì)量和壽命的諸多因素中，由于軸承安裝過程中的不清潔而造成磨損或毀壞的情況占較大的比重。為此在發(fā)達(dá)國家，軸承在安裝前有嚴(yán)格的清洗工序，對(duì)重要部位的軸承在各加工工序之間也進(jìn)行清洗。進(jìn)行各零部件的清洗，大大挺高了產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。長期在零件清洗領(lǐng)域占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的ODS類清洗工藝由于由于破壞臭氧層而被禁用。隨之，出現(xiàn)一些新型清洗工藝如氯代烴清洗劑、水基清洗劑和碳?xì)淙軇┚懈髯缘娜秉c(diǎn)阻礙了國內(nèi)清洗工業(yè)的發(fā)展。為此，針對(duì)零件清洗中的以上問題，本文對(duì)碳?xì)淙軇┏暡罢婵崭稍锕に囘M(jìn)行分析研究。本文的主要工作包括一下幾方面：1、對(duì)軸承零件國內(nèi)外清洗行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了較為詳盡的調(diào)查，對(duì)碳?xì)淙軇┳隽溯^為詳盡的分析，并通過清洗對(duì)比試驗(yàn)分析溫度、外加物理力和清洗時(shí)間等因素對(duì)碳?xì)淝逑葱Ч挠绊憽?、對(duì)超聲波清洗原理進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)軸承零件的特點(diǎn)研究降低清洗液內(nèi)部含氣量的方法。同時(shí)，針對(duì)碳?xì)淙軇┎灰赘稍锴野踩暂^差的缺點(diǎn)研究分析真空干燥技術(shù)的可行性，并確定其真空干燥過程的真空工作壓力在13.3KPa以下，加熱溫度為110左右。3、制定汽車軸承零件清洗工藝流程，依此設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了汽車軸承零件清洗機(jī)。在清洗機(jī)的研制過程中，根據(jù)碳?xì)淙軇┑男再|(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)了真空系統(tǒng)對(duì)軸承零件進(jìn)行蒸氣清洗和真空干燥。同時(shí)，提高超聲波作用的效果，設(shè)計(jì)了真空脫氣裝置。4、根據(jù)清洗機(jī)的控制要求，設(shè)計(jì)了PLC控制系統(tǒng)，編寫PLC控制程序。對(duì)清洗機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)試，確定其運(yùn)行參數(shù)，保證清洗質(zhì)量。研究工作證明，將碳?xì)淙軇┡c真空技術(shù)相結(jié)合可以更加充分發(fā)揮清洗優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文的研究成果已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，軸承零件清洗機(jī)比過去采用熱風(fēng)干燥工藝清洗機(jī)的清洗時(shí)間提高60%以上。同時(shí)，本研究成果還可以推廣應(yīng)用到其他零件的清洗中。關(guān)健詞:清洗工藝；汽車軸承零件；碳?xì)?；真空干燥；設(shè)計(jì)AbstractWiththerapideconomicdevelopment,peopleslivingstandardsimprove,demandforcarswillincrease.In2009Chinasannualautoproductionandsalesexceeded13million,rankingfirstintheworld.AlthoughmuchofChinasautooutput,butfromarealcarpowerisstillalongdistance.Theengineisthekeytocarassembly,anditsmanufacturingprocessisalsoabiggapcomparedwithforeigncountries.However,bearingininfluencingthequalityandlifeofmanyfactors,becausedirtybearingsduringinstallationordamagecausedbywearandtearaccountedforalargeproportionofcases.Tothisendinthedevelopedcountries,bearingpriortoinstallation,therearestrictcleaningprocess,theimportantpartsofthebearingbetweenthevariousmanufacturingprocessesforcleaning.Cleaningofvariousparts,greatlypriceyproductquality.LongdominatedthefieldofpartscleaningtypecleaningprocessduetotheODSdestructionoftheozonelayerduetobedisabled.Followingthis,somenewcleaningprocessessuchaschlorinatedhydrocarboncleaningagent,waterandhydrocarbonsolvent-basedcleaningagentshavetheirownshortcomingshamperedthedevelopmentofthedomesticcleaningindustry.Forthispurpose,partscleaningintheaboveproblem,thispaper,hydrocarbonsolventandvacuumdryingprocessforultrasonicanalysis.Thismajorworkincludesaboutseveralaspects:1,thebearingpartsofthecurrentsituationofthedomesticcleaningindustry,amoredetailedinvestigationofthehydrocarbonsolventtodoamoredetailedanalysisandcomparativetestanalysisbycleaningtemperature,plusthephysicalforceandcleaningtimeoncleaningeffectofthehydrocarbonimpact.2,theprincipleofultrasoniccleaningforanalysis,accordingtothecharacteristicsofthebearingpartscleaningfluidtoreducethegascontentinsidethemethod.Meanwhile,forthehydrocarbonsolventislessdryingandlesssecurityshortcomingsofresearchandanalysisofthefeasibilityofvacuumdryingandvacuumdryingprocesstodeterminetheworkingpressureinthevacuum13.3KPabelowtheheatingtemperatureof110orso.3,thedevelopmentofautomotivebearingpartscleaningprocess,sodesignanddevelopmentofthecarbearingpartswashingmachine.Washingmachineinthedevelopmentprocess,accordingtothenatureofhydrocarbonsolventsforvacuumsystemdesignforsteamcleaningofthebearingpartsandvacuumdrying.Atthesametime,improvetheeffectofultrasonic,vacuumdegassingdevicedesign.4,accordingtothewashingmachinecontrolrequirements,thedesignofthePLCcontrolsystem,PLCcontrolprogramwriting.Washingmachinefordebugging,todeterminetheoperatingparameterstoensurethequalityofcleaning.Researchshowsthatthehydrocarbonsolventandvacuumtechnologycombinedstrengthscanbemorefullycleaned.Thisresearchhasbeenusedforactualproduction,bearingpartswashingmachineusinghotairdryingprocessthaninthepastcleaningmac