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薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁羈羇蒁蕆羇肀芄螅羆膂葿蟻羅芄節(jié)薇肄羄蕆蒃蟻肆芀荿蝕膈蒆螈蠆羈莈蚄蚈肀薄薀蚇膃莇蒆蚇芅膀螅蚆羅蒞蟻螅肇膈薇螄腿莃蒃螃衿膆葿螂肁蒂螇螁膄芄蚃螁芆蒀蕿螀羆芃蒅蝿肈蒈莁袈膀芁蝕袇袀蕆薆袆羂艿薂袆膄薅蒈裊芇莈螆襖羆膀螞袃聿莆薈袂膁腿蒄羈袁莄莀羀羃膇蠆羀肅莃蚅罿羋膅薁第一章動詞的時與體TENSEHEMUSTHAVESTUDIEDLASTNIGHT他這次英語測試的成績?nèi)嘧罡?。他昨晚一定在好好學習。2）CANT/COULDNTHAVEVEDCANT/COULDNTHAVEVED為MUSTHAVEVED的否定形式，指現(xiàn)在對過去已發(fā)生的事或可能出現(xiàn)的情況進行推斷和猜測，表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。THEYCANTHAVECOMEHEREINTHEIRCARYESTERDAY,FORITWASTHENUNDERREPAIR他們昨天不可能開車到這里，因為那時他們的車還正在修理當中。THEROOMISINAMESSITCANT/COULDNTHAVEBEENCLEANED3）MAY/MIGHTHAVEVED表示推測過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了。HEMAY/MIGHTHAVECHOSENANOTHERCAREERIFHEHADHADENOUGHMONEYTOFURTHERHISEDUCATION如果他那時有足夠的錢繼續(xù)受教育，他也許會選擇另一個職業(yè)。IMIGHTHAVEFULFILLEDTHEWORKEARLIER我本可以早一些完成這件工作的。4）OUGHTTO/SHOULDHAVEVED和OUGHTNOT/SHOULDNTHAVEVED對以發(fā)生的情況表示“不滿”、“責備”，分別表示“本應該”和“本不應該”IWONDERWHYTHEYHAVENTARRIVEDYETITOLDTHEMHOWTOGETTHERE,BUTPERHAPSIOUGHT/SHOULDGIVETHEMAMAP（含有“后悔”或“自責”之意）YOUOUGHTTOHAVETOLDMETHATYESTERDAY你早在昨天就該把那件事告訴我了。5）NEEDNTHAVEVED表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要，意為“本沒必要”。YOUNEEDNTHAVEHURRIEDSHENEEDNTHAVECOMEINPERSONALETTERWOULDHAVEBEENENOUGHYOUNEEDNTHAVEDONEALLTHOSECALCULATIONSWEHAVEACOMPUTERTODOTHATSORTOFTHING14用在WAS/WERE,PLANNED,INTENDED,HOPED,WISHED不定式完成體表示事實上并未實現(xiàn)的計劃或行為。（詳見33不定式完成體）WEWERETOHAVESTARTEDAT8LASTNIGHT,BUTITSNOWEDHEAVILYTHEYINTENDEDTOHAVEGONECAMPING,BUTTHEYLATERCANCELLEDITIHOPEDTOHAVEFINISHEDITLASTWEEK,BUTIWASTOOBUSY練習1SUCHCRIMESMAYBESOCOMPLEXTHATMONTHSORYEARSGOBYBEFOREANYONETHEM（2002年12月）ADISCOVERSBDISCOVEREDCWILLDISCOVERDWOULDHAVEDISCOVERED2INFACT，PETERWOULDRATHERHAVELEFTFORSANFRANCISCOTHAN_INNEWYORK（2002年6月）ATOSTAYBSTAYINGCSTAYEDDHAVINGSTAYED3THEREHASBEENAGREATINCREASEINRETAILSALES，_（2002年6月）ADOESTHEREBHASNTTHERECISNTITDISNTTHERE4THEBOYSPENTASMUCHTIMEWATCHINGTVASHE_STUDYING（2002年1月）ADOESBHADCWASDDID5THEARTICLESUGGESTSTHATWHENAPERSON_UNDERUNUSUALSTRESSHESHOULDBEESPECIALLYCAREFULTOHAVEAWELLBALANCEDDIET（2002年1月）AISBWERECBEDWAS6BYTHEENDOFTHISMONTH,WESURELY_ASATISFACTORYSOLUTIONTOTHEPROBLEMAHAVEFOUNDBWILLBEFOUNDCWILLHAVEFOUNDDAREFINDING7THECONFERENCE_AFULLWEEKBYTHETIMEITENDSAMUSTHAVELASTEDBWILLHAVELASTEDCWOULDLASTDHASLASTED8“MAYISPEAKTOYOURMANAGERMRWILLIAMSATFIVEOCLOCKTONIGHT“IMSORRYMWILLIAMS_TOACONFERENCELONGBEFORETHEN“（2000年6月）AHADGONEBWOULDHAVEGONECHASGONEDWILLHAVEGONE9SHEOUGHTTOSTOPWORKSHEHASAHEADACHEBECAUSESHE_TOOLONG（2000年1月）AHASBEENREADINGBHADREADCISREADINGDREAD10THECARELESSMANRECEIVEDATICKETFORSPEEDINGHEHAVEDRIVENSOFAST（2002年12月）ACANTBMUSTNTCWOULDNTDSHOULDNT11INVESTIGATORSAGREEDTHATPASSENGERSONTHEAIRLINER_ATTHEVERYMOMENTOFTHECRASH（2002年6月）AOUGHTTODIEBMUSTHAVEDIEDCMUSTBEDYINGDSHOULDHAVEDIED12YOU_HIMSOCLOSELYYOUSHOULDHAVEKEPTYOURDISTANCE（2000年6月）ASHOULDNTHAVEBEENFOLLOWINGBCOULDNTHAVEBEENFOLLOWINGCMUSTNTFOLLOWDSHOULDNTFOLLOW13THECONSTRUCTIONOFTHELABORATORYBYTHEENDOFTHISYEARAWILLHAVECOMPLETEDBWILLHAVEBEENCOMPLETEDCWILLBECOMPLETEDDWILLCOMPLETED14JACKHASJUSTPHONEDTOSAYTHATHEBACKTILLSUNDAYNEXTWEEKADOESNTCOMEBWILLCOMECHASNTCOMEDISNTCOMING15TAKETHEUMBRELLAINCASEITAISRAININGBISGOINGTORAINCRAINSDWILLRAIN16BYTHEENDOFLASTYEAR,IINTHISUNIVERSITYFORTENYEARSAHADWORKEDBWORKEDCWASWORKINGDWOULDWORK17PICKMEUPAT9OCLOCKIMYBATHBYTHENACANHAVEHADBWILLHAVEHADCWILLBEHAVINGDMAYHAVE18IAGLASSWHILEITHEDINNERABROKEWASCOOKINGBWASBREAKINGWASCOOKINGCWASBREAKINGCOOKEDDBROKECOOKED19“MICHAELLEFTFORNEWYORKTHISMORNING”“OH,ITHOUGHTHEUNTILNEXTWEEK”AHADNTBEENGOINGBWASNTGOINGCISNTGOINGDWONTBEGOING20ITHASBEENALONGTIMESINCETHEYLASTEACHOTHERAWEREMEETINGBWERETOMEETCMETDMEET21EVERSINCETHEFAMILYMOVEDTOTHESUBURBSLASTYEAR,THEYBETTERHEALTHAHADENJOYEDBAREENJOYINGCHAVEBEENENJOYINGDCOULDHAVEENJOYED22YOUSHOULDHAVEPUTTHEMILKINTHEICEBOXIEXPECTITUNDRINKABLEBYNOWAHADBECOMEBBECOMECHASBECOMEDBECAME23THISISONEOFTHERARESTQUESTIONSTHATATSUCHAMEETINGAARERAISEDBHAVEEVERBEENRAISEDCISRAISEDDHASEVERBEENRAISED24WHENHEHURRIEDTOTHEAIRPORT,HEFOUND,TOHISGREATDISAPPOINTMENT,HISTICKETATHOMEATOHAVEBEENLEFTBHADLEFTCWERELEFTDHADBEENLEFT25THENOVELISSAIDINTOSEVENLANGUAGESINCLUDINGRUSSIANATOHAVEBEENTRANSLATEDBTOBETRANSLATEDCHAVETRANSLATEDDHAVINGTRANSLATED26WEOUROWNBUSINESS,BUTWENEVERHADENOUGHMONEYAHOPEDTOHAVESTARTEDBHOPEDTOSTARTCHOPETOSTARTEDDHOPETOHAVESTARTED27WHENSHESTARTEDCOMPLAININGANOSOONERHADHEARRIVEDBSCARCELYDIDHEARRIVECHARDLYHADHEARRIVEDDNOTUNTILHEARRIVED28THEREWASAKNOCKATTHEDOOR,ITWASTHESECONDTIMESOMEONEMETHATEVENINGAWOULDHAVEINTERRUPTEDBTOBEINTERRUPTEDCTOHAVEINTERRUPTEDDHADINTERRUPTED29TURNONTHETELEVISIONOROPENAMAGAZINEANDYOUADVERTISEMENTSSHOWINGHAPPY,BALANCEDFAMILIESAHAVEOFTENSEENBWILLOFTENSEECOFTENSEEDAREOFTENSEEING30THEYHURRIEDTHEREONLYTOFINDTHEMEETINGCANCELLEDINFACT,THEYATALLANEEDTOHAVEGONEBWOULDNTHAVEGONECNEEDNTHAVEGONEDMUSTNTHAVEGONE第二章被動語態(tài)PASSIVEVOICE21主動態(tài)表示被動意義1）一般說來，表示被動意義要用被動態(tài)，構(gòu)成被動態(tài)的動詞必須是及物動詞，不及物動詞是沒有被動態(tài)的。但是，英語里有些不及物動詞在SVA結(jié)構(gòu)中卻含有被動意義，用來表示主語的某種特征、屬性。ENAMELWARESCLEANEASILY搪瓷器皿容易弄干凈。THISBOXDOESNTCLOSEPROPERLY這箱子關不攏。THESEAPPLESCOOKWELL這些蘋果適于烹煮。THISMETALCUTSEASILY這種金屬容易切削。THEPIPEDOESNOTDRAWWELL這煙斗不大暢通。NYLONDRIESQUICKLY尼龍織物干得快。THISMATERIALDOESNOTDYEWELL這料子染不好。ITEATSWELL這東西吃上去味道好。THEHALLSOONFILLED那大廳不久便坐滿了人。DAMPWOODWILLNOTFIRE潮濕的木頭不會著火。THISWHEATGRINDSWELL這種麥子很好磨。THEBRAKEDOESNOTGRIPPROPERLY剎車不靈。THISCARHANDLESWELL這車很好駕駛。THEDOORWONTLOCK門鎖不上。THECOWMILKSWELL這頭母牛出奶率高。THESEBOOKSPACKEASILY這些書易于包裝。THESEPOTATOESPEELEASILY這些土豆皮很容易剝。HISNEWNOVELISSELLINGWELL他的新小說銷路良好。THEWINDOWWONTSHUT這窗關不上。SOMEKINDSOFWOODSPLITEASILY有些木材容易劈開。SOMEKINDSOFFOODSOONSPOIL有些食物很容易變壞。THISLINENC1OTHSPOTSEASILY這麻布容易沾污。WHITECLOTHESSTAINEASILY白色衣服容易弄臟。THEDAMPMATCHWONTSTRIKE這潮濕的火柴擦不著。THISPAPERTEARSEASILY這種紙一撕就破。NOTEVERYIDIOMTRANSLATESWITHSUCHEASE不是每個習語都能這樣容易地譯出來。THECLOTHWASHESWELL這布很耐洗。THISMATERIALWONTWEAR這種材料不耐久。THEDOORWONTOPEN這門打不開。從以上的例子可以看出，句中的謂語動詞具有下面的三個特點之一謂語動詞用否定式；動詞之后有副詞或小品詞；動詞之后有形容詞或介詞短語。2）當NEED,WANT,REQUIRE,BEWORTH后面接DOING時，表示的是被動意義。THEDOORNEEDSREPAIRINGTHEDOORNEEDSTOBEREPAIRED門該修了。THISBOOKISWORTHREADING這本書值得一讀。YOURHAIRWANTSCUTTING你的頭發(fā)該理了。THEFLOORREQUIRESWASHINGTHEFLOORREQUIRESTOBEWASHED地板需要沖洗。22帶賓語分句的句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動態(tài)帶賓語分句（主要是THAT分句）的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種被動句型?！纠纭縋EOPLETHINKTHATSHEISHONESTAITISTHOUGHTTHATSHEISHONESTBSHEISTHOUGHTTOBEHONESTCB以IT作形式主語，將A中的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)，保留A中的THAT分句；C將分句的主語變成被動句中的主語，將A中的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)，再將A中的THAT分句改為不定式短語，放在被動態(tài)后面。能這樣用的動詞主要有THINK,CONSIDER,ASSUME,SUPPOSE,SAY,REPORT,ACKNOWLEDGE,FEEL,BELIEVE,FIND,PRESUME,KNOW,UNDERSTAND,ETC如果THAT分句的動詞是進行體，這時分句要改為不定式進行體。THEYSUPPOSETHATSHEISCOMINGITISSUPPOSEDTHATSHEISCOMINGSHEISSUPPOSEDTOBECOMINGTHEYSUPPOSEDTHATSHEWASCOMINGITWASSUPPOSEDTHATSHEWASCOMINGSHEWASSUPPOSEDTOBECOMING如果THAT分句的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在主句之前，這時分句要改為不定式完成體。PEOPLEFEELTHATLITTLEWASDONETOPREVENTTHEACCIDENTITISFELTTHATLITTLEWASDONETOPREVENTTHEACCIDENTLITTLEISFELTTOHAVEBEENDONETOPREVENTTHEACCIDENTTHEYREPORTTHATBOTHSIDESHAVEREACHEDANAGREEMENTITISREPORTEDTHATBOTHSIDESHAVEREACHEDANAGREEMENTBOTHSIDESAREREPORTEDTOHAVEREACHEDANAGREEMENTPEOPLETHINKTHATSHEWASHONESTITISTHOUGHTTHATSHEWASHONESTSHEISTHOUGHTTOHAVEBEENHONEST23短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞通常被視為一個整體，轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)時，詞組內(nèi)的介詞、副詞、名詞等不能拆散或省略。THEOLDHOUSEWILLBEPULLEDDOWNTOMORROWTHELITTLEBOYWASMADEUSEOFBYTHEDRUGPUSHERTOCARRYDRUGSFORHIMTHATSORTOFTHINGSHOULDBEDONEAWAYWITHTHESPORTSMEETISTOBEPUTOFF另外，有些短語動詞不能用被動語態(tài)，如TAKEPLACE,LOOKLIKE,BELONGTO,DEPENDON,CONSISTOF,AGREEWITH等。THEACCIDENTTOOKPLACEYESTERDAYONTHEEXPRESSWAYHELOOKSLIKEANOLDMANTHEHONORBELONGSTOUSHEISTHEPERSONTODEPENDON練習1THESHIRTSMOOTHAISFELTBISFEELINGCFEELSDISTOBEFELT2LARGESUMSOFMONEY_EACHYEARINPAINTINGTHESTEELWORKOFBRIDGES,SHIPS,ANDOTHEREXPOSEDSTRUCTURESAHAVETOBESPENTBHAVESPENTCHAVETOSPENDDSPEND3THEPROBLEMNOWISADIFFICULTONEAISDISCUSSEDBISTOBEDISCUSSEDCBEINGDISCUSSEDDTOBEDISCUSSED4HEISSAIDHOMEFROMABROADLASTWEEKATOCOMEBACKBCOMEBACKCTOHAVECOMEBACKDCOMINGBACK5THERADIOBYMYYOUNGERSISTERRIGHTNOWAISBEINGREPAIREDBREPAIREDCBEENREPAIREDDBEINGREPAIRED6HISLATESTNOVELWELLAISSOLDBSOLDCISTOSELLINGDSELLS7BYTHEENDOFLASTYEARTHEGYMNASIUM_AWASBEINGCOMPLETEDBHADBEENCOMPLETEDCHADCOMPLETEDDWOULDBECOMPLETED8SHETOLDMETHATHERPROPOSAL_ANEEDEDTOBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONBNEEDEDTOHAVETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONCNEEDEDTOTAKEINTOCONSIDERATIONDNEEDEDTOBETAKINGINTOCONSIDERATION9WEALLSUGGESTTHATHISADVICEAADOPTSBISADOPTEDCWASADOPTEDDBEADOPTED10ITSPAYDAY,ANDWEREWAITINGATOBEPAIDBTOHAVEPAIDCTOBEPAYINGDFORPAYING11THISLAWTHENUMBEROFACCIDENTSCAUSEDBYCHILDRENRUNNINGACROSSTHEROADWHENTHEYGOTOFFTHEBUSAINTENDSREDUCINGBINTENDEDREDUCINGCINTENDINGTOREDUCEDISINTENDEDTOREDUCE12THENEWTYPEOFMACHINE_THEYEARAFTERNEXTAISGOINGTOTURNOUTBISGOINGTOBEINGTURNEDOUTCISGOINGTOHAVETURNEDOUTDISGOINGTOBETURNEDOUT13THEWORK_,WEHADAGOODDRINKFORCELEBRATIONAHADDONEBHADBEENDONECHAVINGDONEDHAVINGBEENDONE14ISUPPOSETHATWHENICOMEBACKINFIVEYEARSTIME,ALOTOFBUILDINGSHEREAWILLHAVEBEENBUILTBWILLBEBUILTCWILLHAVEBUILTDWILLBEBUILDING15JACK_AJOBINAFACTORY,BUTHEREFUSEDTOTAKEITAHASBEENOFFEREDBWASOFFEREDCOFFEREDDHADOFFERED16HESAIDSUCHATHING_TOHAPPENAOUGHTNOTTOHAVEALLOWEDBOUGHTNOTTOBEALLOWEDCOUGHTNOTTOBEALLOWINGDOUGHTTOBENOTALLOWED17HEHASMADEITKNOWTHATMUCHOFHISCOLLECTIONTOTHENATIONALLIBRARYAHASLEFTBISTOLEAVECLEAVESDISTOBELEFT18BEFORELIBERATION,MYFATHERWASMADEALLDAYATOWORKBWORKINGCWORKDWORKED19SHEIN1970AMARRIEDBGOTMARRIEDCWASMARRIEDDDIDMARRY20ONTHERUINSOFTHEOLDBOMBEDSITEAGOODMANYMODERNBUILDINGSANDASUPERMARKETAARESTOODBHAVEBEENSTOODCSTANDDSTANDING第三章不定式INFINITIVE31不定式在句子中充當?shù)淖饔?）作主語不定式作主語一般表示具體的某次動作。TOCOMPLETETHE30STORIEDBUILDINGINONEYEARWASQUITEADIFFICULTTASKTODOTHATIMPLIESTAKINGRESPONSIBILITYFORTHERETOBESOMODERNALIBRARYINTHISRURALAREAISSURPRISING當主語較長，謂語較短時，常用IT做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。ITISIMPORTANTFORMODERNYOUNGPEOPLETOMASTERATLEASTTWOFOREIGNLANGUAGESIT做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中AITIS形容詞EASY,IMPORTANT,DIFFICULT,FOOLISH,INCONVENIENT,UNNECESSARY,RIGHT,WRONGFOR/OFSB不定式ITISESSENTIALTORESERVEATABLEINADVANCEOFCHRISTMASEVEITISHARDTOPUTMYHOPESINTOWORDSITISNOTEASYTOCATCHFISHWITHYOURHANDSONLYITISIMPORTANTFORUSYOUNGPEOPLETOLEARNENGLISHANDMASTERITBITIS名詞APLEASURE,APITY,APLEASANTTHING,ONESDUTY,ANHONOR,ASHAME,ACRIME,NOEASYJOB不定式ITISASHEERWASTEOFTIMETOREADTHATKINDOFTRASHITISAPITYTOHAVETOGOWITHOUTHERITISAGLORIOUSDEATHTODIEFORTHEPEOPLECITTAKES/TOOKSBSOMETIMEHOURS,MONTHS,DAYS,ALOTOFTIME,PATIENCE不定式ITTAKESMETHREEHOURSTOLEARNENGLISHEACHDAYITTOOKTHEMHALFTHENIGHTTOGETHOMEINTHESNOW2）作表語不定式作表語，常表示將來的動作，主語常常是表示意向、打算、計劃的詞，如WISH,IDEA,ASK,PURPOSE,DUTY,JOB等。THEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGFORONESHEALTHISTOHAVEPLENTYOFEXERCISEMYCHIEFPURPOSEHASBEENTOPOINTOUTTHEDIFFICULTIESOFTHEMATTERTHEPURPOSEOFTHEORGANIZATIONISTOGREETALLNEWCOMERSTOTHECITYANDTOPROVIDETHEMWITHANYNECESSARYINFORMATIONWHATIWANTEDWASTOGETTHEWORKDONEASQUICKLYASPOSSIBLE注意當主語中有DO的任何形式時，作表語的不定式中的TO通常省略。WHATHEWANTSTODOMOSTISTOENJOYHIMSELFEVERYDAYWHATTHEYDIDLASTNIGHTWASTOPLAYCARDSTOTHEIRHEARTSCONTENT3）作賓語不定式作賓語，通常用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中A“動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)不定式直接跟在動詞后面。這類動詞有AFFORD,AGREE,APPLY,ARRANGE,ASK,ATTEMPT,BEG,BEGIN,CARE,CHOOSE,CLAIM,CONSENT,DEMAND,DECIDE,DESIRE,DETERMINE,EXPECT,FAIL,HOPE,HESITATE,HATE,INTEND,LEARN,LIKE,MANAGE,MEAN,NEGLECT,OFFER,PLAN,PREPARE,PRETEND,PROMISE,REFUSE,RESOLVE,SEEK,TEND,THREATEN,WANT等。ILIKETOGOOUTFORWALKSINTHEWARMSUNSHINEINSPRINGMYMOTHERHATESTOMOVEFROMPLACETOPLACE,FORSHEFEELSTIREDIDECIDETOWORKHARDANDGETADOCTORSDEGREESHEFAILEDTOFINISHTHEASSIGNMENTINTIME,ANDSHEWASWORRIEDABOUTITTHEREISAMANATTHERECEPTIONDESKWHOSEEMSVERYANGRYANDITHINKHEMEANSTOMAKETROUBLEIDLIKETHERETOBEAROOMOFMYOWNIDONTWANTTHERETOBEANYMISUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENUSB不定式作賓語還常用在下面結(jié)構(gòu)中“主語動詞IT形容詞不定式”WEFOUNDITIMPOSSIBLETOGETEVERYTHINGREADYINTIMEITHINKITIMPORTANTTOLEARNENGLISHWELLINCOLLEGE使用這種句型的常見動詞有BELIEVE,CONSIDER,DECLARE,FEE