電大企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理復(fù)習(xí)試題資料考試小抄一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略最根本的特征是（C）。A綱領(lǐng)性B風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性C全局性D挑戰(zhàn)性2在特定的產(chǎn)品與市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域中，企業(yè)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手相比所具有的優(yōu)勢(shì)的特征和條件是（B）。A競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略B競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)C核心能力D無(wú)形資源3福耀玻璃（主營(yíng)汽車(chē)玻璃的上市公司）決策者擬考慮同心多元化作為進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的方向，應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先考慮哪個(gè)發(fā)展方向（A）A、發(fā)展建筑玻璃產(chǎn)品B、發(fā)展汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品C、購(gòu)并汽車(chē)配套企業(yè)D、發(fā)展其他汽車(chē)配件產(chǎn)品4TCL正在策劃進(jìn)軍汽車(chē)制造領(lǐng)域，這一戰(zhàn)略層次屬于（A）A公司戰(zhàn)略B競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略C職能戰(zhàn)略D產(chǎn)品戰(zhàn)略5北京市自1998年起，對(duì)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛尾氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格限制，其中轎車(chē)必須安裝電噴帶三元催化器。它屬于企業(yè)宏觀環(huán)境中的（D）因素。A經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境B社會(huì)文化環(huán)境C技術(shù)環(huán)境D政治法律環(huán)境6目前大中城市餐飲業(yè)中，消費(fèi)者越來(lái)越傾向于有檔次、有品位的餐館，“物美價(jià)廉”已經(jīng)不是人們就餐的首要選擇。這是宏觀環(huán)境中（B）因素影響的表現(xiàn)。A政治法律環(huán)境B經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境C社會(huì)文化環(huán)境D技術(shù)環(huán)境7在保健品和化妝品產(chǎn)業(yè)中，最重要的進(jìn)入障礙是（C）。A規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)B轉(zhuǎn)換成本C產(chǎn)品差異D資本需求8一般來(lái)說(shuō)進(jìn)入壁壘高退出壁壘高產(chǎn)業(yè)是（A）。A高利潤(rùn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)B穩(wěn)定的高利潤(rùn)C(jī)低利潤(rùn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)D穩(wěn)定的低利潤(rùn)9生物制藥具有高成長(zhǎng)性行業(yè)，其進(jìn)入壁壘和退出壁壘的組合是（A）。A進(jìn)入壁壘高，退出壁壘高B進(jìn)入壁壘低，退出壁壘低C進(jìn)入壁壘低，退出壁壘高D進(jìn)入壁壘高，退出壁壘低10你認(rèn)為手機(jī)行業(yè)最主要的特征是（D）A、產(chǎn)品高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化B、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)不太明顯C、產(chǎn)品技術(shù)更新比較緩慢D、行業(yè)的進(jìn)入/退出壁壘都高11如果你是從事運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋生產(chǎn)的，你的企業(yè)使命應(yīng)表述為（C）A為顧客提供最大的價(jià)值B生產(chǎn)為大眾消費(fèi)需求的腳上用品C以顧客行走舒適為己任D提供制造足以可以和汽車(chē)比美的鞋子12西單商場(chǎng)的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)定位是大眾化的精品店。有部分顧客抱怨商場(chǎng)的裝修檔次太低，商場(chǎng)里的椅子太少。有人建議商場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步裝修、多放置椅子并提高名牌商品的比例，并力求使名牌商品物美價(jià)廉，請(qǐng)問(wèn)這種建議有什么問(wèn)題（A）A建議的措施方案與企業(yè)目標(biāo)不一致B建議的措施與企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的想法不一致C建議的措施符合顧客的需求，可以實(shí)施D建議的措施可能會(huì)降低商場(chǎng)的利潤(rùn)13北京長(zhǎng)安商場(chǎng)是一家以綜合百貨公司，它的最主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手是（A）A北京百盛購(gòu)物中心B北京天外天批發(fā)市場(chǎng)C石家莊市某百貨商場(chǎng)D國(guó)外的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)14中國(guó)人民銀行近兩年不斷出臺(tái)新的貨幣政策，如增加存款準(zhǔn)備金，提高存貸款利率，這屬于宏觀環(huán)境因素中的（B）因素。A政治法律環(huán)境B經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境C社會(huì)文化環(huán)境D技術(shù)環(huán)境15原油生產(chǎn)公司對(duì)石油化工企業(yè)而言，決定他們討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的最主要影響因素是（B）。A交易量B產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度C轉(zhuǎn)換成本D賣(mài)方產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度16甲為一進(jìn)出口公司，就其外部環(huán)境而言，最主要的宏觀影響因素是（A）。A政治法律因素B經(jīng)濟(jì)因素C人文社會(huì)因素D科技因素17對(duì)于旅游企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，下列因素中屬于宏觀因素的是（D）。A某旅游點(diǎn)發(fā)生地震B(yǎng)旅游景點(diǎn)居民收入水平逐年提高C國(guó)家允許國(guó)人出境旅游D國(guó)內(nèi)居民用于旅游的消費(fèi)支出增長(zhǎng)明顯18對(duì)于鋼鐵行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，最明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特征是（B）。A價(jià)格B規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)C轉(zhuǎn)換成本D差異化19價(jià)值鏈理論所依據(jù)的基本邏輯關(guān)系是（C）A競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)經(jīng)營(yíng)資源價(jià)值活動(dòng)B價(jià)值活動(dòng)經(jīng)營(yíng)資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)C經(jīng)營(yíng)資源價(jià)值活動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)D經(jīng)營(yíng)資源競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)價(jià)值活動(dòng)20未來(lái)展望由未來(lái)（D）年的遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)和對(duì)目標(biāo)的生動(dòng)描述組成。A510B1015C520D103021、美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司將企業(yè)的生存目的定位于提供信息溝通工具和服務(wù)而不是生產(chǎn)電話，說(shuō)明了描述企業(yè)生存目的必須（A）。A滿(mǎn)足顧客的某種需求B表明企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué)C易于為整個(gè)企業(yè)所理解D比較寬泛且有一定冒險(xiǎn)精神22、“公司旨在提供娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)而不是經(jīng)營(yíng)電影業(yè)”描述的是（A）。A企業(yè)生存目的B企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué)C企業(yè)形象D企業(yè)核心價(jià)值觀23、美國(guó)艾維斯汽車(chē)租賃公司提出“我們希望成為汽車(chē)租賃業(yè)中發(fā)展最快利潤(rùn)最多的公司”，這個(gè)口號(hào)表明了該公司的（D）A經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略B經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué)C社會(huì)責(zé)任D企業(yè)愿景24、如果你是從事運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋生產(chǎn)的，你的企業(yè)使命應(yīng)表述為（D）A為顧客提供最大的價(jià)值。B生產(chǎn)為大眾消費(fèi)需求的腳上用品。C以顧客行走舒適為己任。D提供制造足以可以和汽車(chē)比美的鞋子。25、西單商場(chǎng)的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)定位是大眾化的精品店。有部分顧客抱怨商場(chǎng)的裝修檔次太低，商場(chǎng)里的椅子太少。有人建議商場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步裝修、多放置椅子并提高名牌商品的比例，并力求使名牌商品物美價(jià)廉，請(qǐng)問(wèn)這種建議有什么問(wèn)題（A）A建議的措施方案與企業(yè)目標(biāo)不一致。B建議的措施與企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的想法不一致。C建議的措施符合顧客的需求，可以實(shí)施。D建議的措施可能會(huì)降低商場(chǎng)的利潤(rùn)。26、美國(guó)電話電報(bào)公司對(duì)外宣稱(chēng)，本公司“提供信息溝通的工具和服務(wù)而不是生產(chǎn)電話?！边@一表述屬于（A）。A企業(yè)使命B企業(yè)愿景C企業(yè)目標(biāo)D企業(yè)價(jià)值觀27、海爾公司的企業(yè)使命可能是（C）。A、不斷創(chuàng)新B、占據(jù)全球家電30的份額C、創(chuàng)中國(guó)的世界名牌D、真誠(chéng)到永遠(yuǎn)28、“東方不亮西方亮”是用來(lái)比喻（C）。A一體化戰(zhàn)略B戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略C多元化戰(zhàn)略D全方位創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略29、日本索尼公司于1989年以54億美元的價(jià)格買(mǎi)下了美國(guó)哥倫比亞和三星兩家電影公司，此時(shí)實(shí)施的戰(zhàn)略是B。A橫向一體化戰(zhàn)略B縱向一體化戰(zhàn)略C多元化戰(zhàn)略D成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略30、肯德基快餐店自1987年進(jìn)入北京市場(chǎng)以來(lái)，不斷地發(fā)展加盟連鎖店，占領(lǐng)北京快餐市場(chǎng)，這屬于（A）。A市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略B產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略C多元化戰(zhàn)略D市場(chǎng)滲透戰(zhàn)略31、某牙膏廠原來(lái)只生產(chǎn)藥物牙膏，現(xiàn)在又增加牙刷生產(chǎn)，這屬于（B）。A同心多元化B水平多元化C集團(tuán)多元化D一體化32、TCL并購(gòu)法國(guó)阿爾費(fèi)公司，這屬于（A）。A成長(zhǎng)型戰(zhàn)略B穩(wěn)定型戰(zhàn)略C收縮型戰(zhàn)略D以上都不是33、若MP4產(chǎn)品得到消費(fèi)者認(rèn)同，預(yù)計(jì)需求會(huì)劇增，生產(chǎn)MP4的廠商最應(yīng)該考慮實(shí)施（C）戰(zhàn)略。A、前向一體化B、后向一體化C、橫向一體化D、混合一體化34、一家經(jīng)營(yíng)嬰兒奶粉的公司正準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行多元化經(jīng)營(yíng)，你建議最優(yōu)先考慮的業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域是（B）A嬰兒服裝B青少年奶粉C孕婦裝D鮮奶35、可口可樂(lè)所提供的全方位飲料品種是無(wú)人可比的。從“美汁源果粒橙”，到“天與地礦物質(zhì)水”，還有“茶研工坊”等，可口可樂(lè)在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)共推出了近20種飲料品牌，除了傳統(tǒng)的碳酸飲料，還包含了果汁、茶飲、純水等各類(lèi)非碳酸飲料，可謂“十項(xiàng)全能”。以上資料說(shuō)明可口可樂(lè)公司采用了（B）。A同心多元化B水平多元化C集團(tuán)多元化D不相關(guān)多元化36、為了進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大彩電的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，海爾集團(tuán)公司整體收購(gòu)合肥黃山電子集團(tuán)公司，這屬于（A）。A橫向一體化B縱向一體化C相關(guān)多元化D混合一體化37、“把雞蛋放在一只籃子里的做法”是什么戰(zhàn)略的形象表述（A）。A重點(diǎn)集中戰(zhàn)略B一體化戰(zhàn)略C差異化戰(zhàn)略D多元化戰(zhàn)略38、需要有規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益支持的戰(zhàn)略類(lèi)型是（A）。A成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略B差異化戰(zhàn)略C重點(diǎn)集中戰(zhàn)略D以上都不是39、教材100頁(yè)愛(ài)立信獨(dú)立品牌手機(jī)的停產(chǎn)說(shuō)明愛(ài)立信公司采?。˙）。A全面的收縮戰(zhàn)略B主動(dòng)的收縮戰(zhàn)略C被動(dòng)的收縮戰(zhàn)略D徹底的清算戰(zhàn)略40、波士頓矩陣特別適用于（D）A單業(yè)務(wù)公司B超大型公司C一體化的經(jīng)營(yíng)公司D多元化公司41、教材235頁(yè)的情景案例新上任的總裁助理適合于用什么方法選擇（D）A波士頓矩陣B通用電器公司矩陣CSWOT分析法D以上都不行42、企業(yè)通過(guò)有效途徑降低成本，使企業(yè)的全部成本低于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的成本，甚至在同行業(yè)中最低的成本，從而在取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的一種戰(zhàn)略是（A）。A低成本戰(zhàn)略B營(yíng)銷(xiāo)戰(zhàn)略C競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)戰(zhàn)略D差異化戰(zhàn)略43、差異化戰(zhàn)略的核心是取代某種對(duì)顧客有價(jià)值的（B）。A差異性B獨(dú)特性C使用性D信譽(yù)性44、所謂差異化戰(zhàn)略，是指為使企業(yè)產(chǎn)品與（B）產(chǎn)品有明顯的區(qū)別，形成與眾不同的特點(diǎn)而采取的一種戰(zhàn)略。A原產(chǎn)品B競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手產(chǎn)品C本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品D同行業(yè)產(chǎn)品45、百事可樂(lè)把自己的目標(biāo)顧客定位在年輕人，并通過(guò)低價(jià)，從而把可口可樂(lè)的市場(chǎng)份額硬生生地?fù)寠Z了一部分過(guò)來(lái)。百事可樂(lè)所采取的戰(zhàn)略類(lèi)型是（B）。A差異集中化B低成本集中化C成本路線戰(zhàn)略D差異化戰(zhàn)略46、1956年宜家開(kāi)始試用平板包裝，這個(gè)舉動(dòng)當(dāng)初只是為了節(jié)約運(yùn)輸空間，而今天卻成為了宜家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分。宜家這是采用了（B）。A服務(wù)差異化戰(zhàn)略B產(chǎn)品差異化戰(zhàn)略C人事差異化戰(zhàn)略D形象差異化戰(zhàn)略47、能夠產(chǎn)生范圍經(jīng)濟(jì)效果的戰(zhàn)略類(lèi)型是（A）。A多元化戰(zhàn)略B成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略C差異化戰(zhàn)略D集中化戰(zhàn)略48、奇瑞汽車(chē)在汽車(chē)行業(yè)中實(shí)行的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略類(lèi)型的是（A）A成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略B差異化戰(zhàn)略C低成本集中化D差異集中化49、在某個(gè)特定的產(chǎn)業(yè)中相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，在地理位置上相對(duì)集中的若干個(gè)企業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)的集合是（B）。A企業(yè)集團(tuán)B企業(yè)集群C戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟D虛擬經(jīng)營(yíng)50、所有產(chǎn)品都使用同一個(gè)品牌的品牌策略是（B）。A個(gè)別品牌B家庭品牌C多品牌D品牌延伸51、某企業(yè)原來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)專(zhuān)為高檔消費(fèi)群體的“向陽(yáng)”牌服裝，該市場(chǎng)成功后，雙以該品牌進(jìn)入中檔消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)，這一品牌策略就是（C）。A家庭品牌B個(gè)別品牌C品牌延伸D多品牌52、長(zhǎng)期資金籌資方式中，籌資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低的籌資方式是（D）。A債券B優(yōu)先股C銀行借款D普通股53、長(zhǎng)期資金籌資方式中，籌資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大的籌資方式是（A）。A債券B優(yōu)先股C銀行借款D普通股54、美國(guó)PTHEBALLWASTHEOBJECTIVETOSCORE,THEBALLHADTOBESHOTTHROUGHAHORIZONTAL,ELEVATEDGOALTHETEAMWITHTHEMOSTPOINTSATTHEENDOFANALLOTTEDTIMEPERIODWINSEARLYINTHEHISTORYOFBASKETBALL,THELOCALYMCASPROVIDEDTHEGYMNASIUMS,ANDMEMBERSHIPINTHEORGANIZATIONGREWRAPIDLYTHESIZEOFTHELOCALGYMDICTATEDTHENUMBEROFPLAYERSSMALLERGYMSUSEDFIVEPLAYERSONASIDE,ANDTHELARGERGYMSALLOWEDSEVENTONINETHETEAMSIZEBECAMEGENERALLYESTABLISHEDASFIVEIN1895,AND,IN1897,THISWASMADEFORMALINTHERULESTHEYMCALOSTINTERESTINSUPPORTINGTHEGAMEBECAUSE1020BASKETBALLPLAYERSMONOPOLIZEDAGYMNASIUMPREVIOUSLYUSEDBYMANYMOREINAVARIETYOFACTIVITIESYMCAMEMBERSHIPDROPPED,ANDBASKETBALLENTHUSIASTSPLAYEDINLOCALHALLSTHISLEDTOTHEBUILDINGOFBASKETBALLGYMNASIUMSATSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGESANDALSOTOTHEFORMATIONOFPROFESSIONALLEAGUESALTHOUGHBASKETBALLWASBORNINTHEUNITEDSTATES,FIVEOFNAISMITHSORIGINALPLAYERSWERECANADIANS,ANDTHEGAMESPREADTOCANADAIMMEDIATELYITWASPLAYEDINFRANCEBY1893ENGLANDIN1894AUSTRALIA,CHINA,ANDINDIABETWEEN1895AND1900ANDJAPANIN1900FROM1891THROUGH1893,ASOCCERBALLWASUSEDTOPLAYBASKETBALLTHEFIRSTBASKETBALLWASMANUFACTUREDIN1894ITWAS32IN81CMINCIRCUMFERENCE,ORABOUT4IN10CMLARGERTHANASOCCERBALLTHEDEDICATEDBASKETBALLWASMADEOFLACEDLEATHERANDWEIGHEDLESSTHAN20OZ567GTHEFIRSTMOLDEDBALLTHATELIMINATEDTHENEEDFORLACESWASINTRODUCEDIN1948ITSCONSTRUCTIONANDSIZEOF30IN76CMWERERULEDOFFICIALIN1949THERULESETTERSCAMEFROMSEVERALGROUPSEARLYINTHE1900SCOLLEGESANDUNIVERSITIESESTABLISHEDTHEIRRULESCOMMITTEESIN1905,THEYMCAANDTHEAMATEURATHLETICUNIONAAUCREATEDASETOFRULESJOINTLY,STATEMILITIAGROUPSABIDEDBYASHAREDSETOFRULES,ANDTHEREWERETWOPROFESSIONALSETSOFRULESAJOINTRULESCOMMITTEEFORCOLLEGES,THEAAU,ANDTHEYMCAWASCREATEDIN1915,AND,UNDERTHENAMETHENATIONALBASKETBALLCOMMITTEENBCMADERULESFORAMATEURPLAYUNTIL1979INTHATYEAR,THENATIONALFEDERATIONOFSTATEHIGHSCHOOLASSOCIATIONSBEGANGOVERNINGTHESPORTATTHEHIGHSCHOOLLEVEL,ANDTHENCAARULESCOMMITTEEASSUMEDRULEMAKINGRESPONSIBILITIESFORJUNIORCOLLEGES,COLLEGES,ANDTHEARMEDFORCES,WITHASIMILARCOMMITTEEHOLDINGJURISDICTIONOVERWOMENSBASKETBALLUNTILWORLDWARII,BASKETBALLBECAMEINCREASINGLYPOPULARINTHEUNITEDSTATESESPECIALLYATTHEHIGHSCHOOLANDCOLLEGELEVELSAFTERWORLDWARII,ITSPOPULARITYGREWAROUNDTHEWORLDINTHE1980S,INTERESTINTHEGAMETRULYEXPLODEDBECAUSEOFTELEVISIONEXPOSUREBROADCASTOFTHENCAACHAMPIONSHIPGAMESBEGANIN1963,AND,BYTHE1980S,CABLETELEVISIONWASCARRYINGREGULARSEASONCOLLEGEGAMESANDEVENHIGHSCHOOLCHAMPIONSHIPSINSOMESTATESPLAYERSLIKEBILLRUSSELL,WILTCHAMBERLAIN,ANDLEWALCINDORKAREEMABDULJABBARBECAMENATIONALLYFAMOUSATTHECOLLEGELEVELANDCARRIEDTHEIRFANSALONGINTHEIRPROFESSIONALBASKETBALLCAREERSTHEWOMENSGAMECHANGEDRADICALLYIN1971WHENSEPARATERULESFORWOMENWEREMODIFIEDTOMORECLOSELYRESEMBLETHEMENSGAMETELEVISIONINTERESTFOLLOWEDTHEWOMENASWELLWITHBROADCASTOFNCAACHAMPIONSHIPTOURNEYSBEGINNINGINTHEEARLY1980SANDTHEFORMATIONOFTHEWNBAIN1997INTERNATIONALLY,ITALYHASPROBABLYBECOMETHELEADINGBASKETBALLNATIONOUTSIDEOFTHEUNITEDSTATES,WITHNATIONAL,CORPORATE,ANDPROFESSIONALTEAMSTHEOLYMPICSBOOSTSBASKETBALLINTERNATIONALLYANDHASALSOSPURREDTHEWOMENSGAMEBYRECOGNIZINGITASANOLYMPICEVENTIN1976AGAIN,TELEVISIONCOVERAGEOFTHEOLYMPICSHASBEENEXCEPTIONALLYIMPORTANTINDRAWINGATTENTIONTOINTERNATIONALTEAMSTHEFIRSTPROFESSIONALMENSBASKETBALLLEAGUEINTHEUNITEDSTATESWASTHENATIONALBASKETBALLLEAGUENBL,WHICHDEBUTEDIN1898PLAYERSWEREPAIDONAPERGAMEBASIS,ANDTHISLEAGUEANDOTHERSWEREHURTBYTHEPOORQUALITYOFGAMESANDTHEEVERCHANGINGPLAYERSONATEAMAFTERTHEGREATDEPRESSION,ANEWNBLWASORGANIZEDIN1937,ANDTHEBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONOFAMERICAWASORGANIZEDIN1946THETWOLEAGUESCAMETOAGREETHATPLAYERSHADTOBEASSIGNEDTOTEAMSONACONTRACTBASISANDTHATHIGHSTANDARDSHADTOGOVERNTHEGAMEUNDERTHESEPREMISES,THETWOJOINEDTOFORMTHENATIONALBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONNBAIN1949ARIVALAMERICANBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONABAWASINAUGURATEDIN1967ANDCHALLENGEDTHENBAFORCOLLEGETALENTANDMARKETSHAREFORALMOSTTENYEARSIN1976,THISLEAGUEDISBANDED,BUTFOUROFITSTEAMSREMAINEDASNBATEAMSUNIFICATIONCAMEJUSTINTIMEFORMAJORTELEVISIONSUPPORTSEVERALWOMENSPROFESSIONALLEAGUESWEREATTEMPTEDANDFAILED,INCLUDINGTHEWOMENSPROFESSIONALBASKETBALLLEAGUEWBLANDTHEWOMENSWORLDBASKETBALLASSOCIATION,BEFORETHEWNBADEBUTEDIN1997WITHTHESUPPORTOFTHENBAJAMESNAISMITH,ORIGINALLYFROMALMONTE,ONTARIO,INVENTEDBASKETBALLATTHEINTERNATIONALYMCATRAININGSCHOOLINSPRINGFIELD,MASSACHUSETTS,IN1891THEGAMEWASFIRSTPLAYEDWITHPEACHBASKETSHENCETHENAMEANDASOCCERBALLANDWASINTENDEDTOPROVIDEINDOOREXERCISEFORFOOTBALLPLAYERSASARESULT,ITWASORIGINALLYAROUGHSPORTALTHOUGHTENOFNAISMITHSORIGINALTHIRTEENRULESREMAIN,THEGAMESOONCHANGEDCONSIDERABLY,ANDTHEFOUNDERHADLITTLETODOWITHITSEVOLUTIONTHEFIRSTINTERCOLLEGIATEGAMEWASPLAYEDINMINNESOTAIN1895,WITHNINEPLAYERSTOASIDEANDAFINALSCOREOFNINETOTHREEAYEARLATER,THEFIRSTFIVEMANTEAMSPLAYEDATTHEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGOBASKETSWERENOWCONSTRUCTEDOFTWINENETSBUTITWASNOTUNTIL1906THATTHEBOTTOMOFTHENETSWEREOPENIN1897,THEDRIBBLEWASFIRSTUSED,FIELDGOALSBECAMETWOPOINTS,FOULSHOTSONEPOINT,ANDTHEFIRSTPROFESSIONALGAMEWASPLAYEDAYEARLATER,THEFIRSTPROFESSIONALLEAGUEWASSTARTED,INTHEEAST,WHILEIN1900,THEFIRSTINTERCOLLEGIATELEAGUEBEGANIN1910,INORDERTOLIMITROUGHPLAY,ITWASAGREEDTHATFOURFOULSWOULDDISQUALIFYPLAYERS,ANDGLASSBACKBOARDSWEREUSEDFORTHEFIRSTTIMENONETHELESS,MANYRULESSTILLDIFFERED,DEPENDINGUPONWHERETHEGAMESWEREPLAYEDANDWHETHERPROFESSIONALS,COLLEGIANS,ORYMCAPLAYERSWEREINVOLVEDCOLLEGEBASKETBALLWASPLAYEDFROMTEXASTOWISCONSINANDTHROUGHOUTTHEEASTTHROUGHTHE1920S,BUTMOSTTEAMSPLAYEDONLYINTHEIROWNREGIONS,WHICHPREVENTEDANATIONALGAMEORAUDIENCEFROMDEVELOPINGPROFESSIONALBASKETBALLWASPLAYEDALMOSTEXCLUSIVELYINTHEEASTBEFORETHE1920S,EXCEPTWHENATEAMWOULD“BARNSTORM“INTOTHEMIDWESTTOPLAYLOCALTEAMS,OFTENAFTERALEAGUEHADFOLDEDBEFORETHE1930SVERYFEWGAMES,EITHERPROFESSIONALORAMATEUR,WEREPLAYEDINFACILITIESSUITABLEFORBASKETBALLORWITHAPERFECTLYROUNDBALLSOMEWEREPLAYEDINARENASWITHCHICKENWIRESEPARATINGTHEPLAYERSFROMFANS,THUSTHEWORD“CAGERS,“OTHERSWITHPOSTSINTHEMIDDLEOFTHEFLOORANDOFTENWITHBALCONIESOVERHANGINGTHECORNERS,LIMITINGTHEAREASFROMWHICHSHOTSCOULDBETAKENUNTILTHELATE1930S,ALLPLAYERSUSEDTHETWOHANDSETSHOT,ANDSCORESREMAINEDLOWBASKETBALLINTHE1920SAND1930SBECAMEBOTHMOREORGANIZEDANDMOREPOPULAR,ALTHOUGHITSTILLLAGGEDFARBEHINDBOTHBASEBALLANDCOLLEGEFOOTBALLINTHEPROS,FIVEURBAN,ETHNICTEAMSEXCELLEDANDPLAYEDWITHALMOSTNOCOLLEGEGRADUATESTHEYWERETHENEWYORKORIGINALCELTICSTHECLEVELANDROSENBLUMS,OWNEDBYMAXROSENBLUMEDDIEGOTTLIEBSPHILADELPHIASPHASSOUTHPHILADELPHIAHEBREWASSOCIATIONANDTWOGREATBLACKTEAMS,THENEWYORKRENAISSANCEFIVEANDABESAPERSTEINSHARLEMGLOBETROTTERS,WHICHWASACTUALLYFROMCHICAGOWHILETHESETEAMSHADSOMENOTABLEPLAYERS,NOSUPERSTARS,SUCHASBABERUTH,JACKDEMPSEY,ORREDGRANGE,EMERGEDTOCAPTURETHEPUBLICSATTENTIONASTHEYDIDINOTHERSPORTSOFTHEPERIODTHESAMEWASTRUEINCOLLEGEBASKETBALLUPUNTILTHELATE1930S,WITHCOACHESDOMINATINGTHEGAMEANDITSDEVELOPMENTWALTER“DOC“MEANWELLATWISCONSIN,FORREST“PHOG“ALLENATKANSAS,WARD“PIGGY“LAMBERTATPURDUE,ANDHENRY“DOC“CARLSONATPITTSBURGHALLMADESIGNIFICANTCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEGAMESDEVELOPMENTZONEDEFENSES,THEWEAVE,THEPASSINGGAME,ANDTHEFASTBREAKINTHEDECADEPRECEDINGWORLDWARII,FIVEEVENTSCHANGEDCOLLEGEBASKETBALLANDALLOWEDITTOBECOMEAMAJORSPECTATORSPORTIN1929,THERULESCOMMITTEEREVERSEDADECISIONTHATWOULDHAVEOUTLAWEDDRIBBLINGANDSLOWEDTHEGAMECONSIDERABLYFIVEYEARSLATER,PROMOTEREDWARD“NED“IRISHSTAGEDTHEFIRSTINTERSECTIONALTWINBILLINMADISONSQUAREGARDENINNEWYORKCITYANDATTRACTEDMORETHAN16,000FANSHEDEMONSTRATEDTHEAPPEALOFMAJORCOLLEGEBALLANDMADENEWYORKITSCENTERINDECEMBER1936,HANKLUISETTIOFSTANFORDREVEALEDTHEVIRTUESOFTHEONEHANDEDSHOTTOANAMAZEDGARDENAUDIENCEANDBECAMETHEFIRSTMAJORCOLLEGIATESTARSOONTHEREAFTER,LUISETTISCOREDANINCREDIBLEFIFTYPOINTSAGAINSTDUQUESNE,THUSENDINGTHEEASTSDEVOTIONTOTHESETSHOTANDENCOURAGINGAMOREOPENGAMEINCONSECUTIVEYEARSTHECENTERJUMPWASELIMINATEDAFTERFREETHROWSANDTHENAFTERFIELDGOALS,THUSSPEEDINGUPTHEGAMEANDALLOWINGFORMORESCORINGIN1938,IRISHCREATEDTHENATIONALINVITATIONTOURNAMENTNITINTHEGARDENTODETERMINEANATIONALCHAMPIONALTHOUGHPOSTSEASONTOURNAMENTSHADOCCURREDBEFORE,THENITWASTHEFIRSTWITHMAJORCOLLEGESFROMDIFFERENTREGIONSANDPROVEDTOBEAGREATFINANCIALSUCCESSTHENATIONALCOLLEGIATEATHLETICASSOCIATIONNCAACREATEDITSOWNPOSTSEASONTOURNAMENTIN1939BUTDIDNOTRIVALTHENITINPRESTIGEFORSOMETIMETHE1940SSAWSIGNIFICANTCHANGESFORCOLLEGEBASKETBALLPLAYERSBEGANUSINGTHEJUMPSHOTAFTERKENNYSAILORSOFWYOMINGWOWEDTHEEASTWITHITIN1943THEBEHINDTHEBACKDRIBBLEANDPASSALSOAPPEARED,ASDIDEXCEPTIONALBIGMENBOBKURLANDATOKLAHOMAAMWASALMOSTSEVENFEETTALLANDGEORGEMIKANATDEPAULWASSIXFEETTENINCHESWHILEKURLANDHADPERHAPSTHEBETTERCOLLEGECAREERANDPLAYEDINTWOOLYMPICS,HECHOSENOTTOPLAYPROFESSIONALBALL,WHEREASMIKANBECAMETHEFIRSTDOMINANTSTARINTHEPROSTHEIRDEFENSIVEPLAYINSPIREDTHERULEAGAINSTGOALTENDINGBLOCKINGASHOTONITSDOWNWARDFLIGHTADOLPHRUPP,WHOPLAYEDUNDERPHOGALLEN,ALSOCOACHEDTHEFIRSTOFHISMANYTALENTEDTEAMSATKENTUCKYINTHATDECADEHOWEVER,IN1951,RUPPANDSIXOTHERCOACHESSUFFEREDTHROUGHAPOINTSHAVINGSCANDALTHATINVOLVEDTHIRTYTWOPLAYERSATSEVENCOLLEGESANDSERIOUSLYINJUREDCOLLEGEBASKETBALL,PARTICULARLYINNEWYORK,WHEREFOUROFTHESEVENSCHOOLSWERELOCATEDWHILETHEGAMESURVIVED,THENCAAMOVEDITSTOURNAMENTAWAYFROMMADISONSQUAREGARDENTODIFFERENTCITIESEACHYEARANDTHENITSPRESTIGEBEGANTODECLINEPROFESSIONALBASKETBALLREMAINEDADISORGANIZEDANDSTODGYSPORTUPUNTILTHELATE1940S,WITHBARNSTORMINGSTILLCENTRALTOTHEGAMEANDMOSTPLAYERSSTILLUSINGTHESETSHOTIN1946,HOWEVER,HOCKEYOWNERS,LEDBYMAURICEPODOLOFF,CREATEDTHEBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONOFAMERICABAAINTHEEASTTOFILLTHEIRARENAS,BUTFEWFANSCAME,EVENAFTERJOEFULKSOFPHILADELPHIAINTRODUCEDTHEJUMPSHOTTHEBAASRIVAL,THENATIONALBASKETBALLLEAGUE,HADEXISTEDSINCETHE1930S,HADBETTERPLAYERS,LIKEMIKANOFTHEMINNEAPOLISLAKERS,BOBDAVIESOFTHEROCHESTERROYALS,ANDDOLPHSHAYESOFTHESYRACUSENATIONALS,BUTOPERATEDINMUCHWORSEFACILITIESANDDIDNOTDOMUCHBETTERATATTRACTINGAUDIENCESIN1948,PODOLOFFLUREDTHELAKERS,ROYALS,ANDTWOOTHERTEAMSTOTHEBAAANDPROPOSEDAMERGEROFTHETWOLEAGUESFORTHE19491950SEASONTHERESULTWASTHENATIONALBASKETBALLASSOCIATIONNBA,WITHPODOLOFFITSFIRSTCOMMISSIONERTHESEVENTEENTEAMLEAGUESTRUGGLEDATFIRSTBUTSOONREDUCEDITSSIZEANDGAINEDSTABILITY,INLARGEPARTBECAUSEOFMIKANSAPPEALANDPODOLOFFSSKILLSDESPITETHEPOINTSHAVINGSCANDAL,COLLEGEBALLTHRIVEDINTHE1950S,LARGELYBECAUSEITHADPROLIFICSCORERSANDMOREGREATPLAYERSTHANINANYPREVIOUSDECADEFRANKSELVYOFFURMANANDPAULARIZINOFVILLANOVABOTHAVERAGEDOVERFORTYPOINTSEARLYINTHEDECADE,WHILECLARENCE“BEVO“FRANCISOFTINYRIOGRANDECOLLEGEINOHIOAMAZEDFANSBYSCORING116POINTSINONEGAMEWHILEAVERAGING50PERGAMEFORASEASONTHEDECADEALSOWITNESSEDSOMEOFTHEMOSTTALENTEDANDCOMPLETEPLAYERSEVERTOMGOLAATLASALLE,BILLRUSSELLATSANFRANCISCO,WILTCHAMBERLAINATKANSAS,ELGINBAYLORATSEATTLE,JERRYWESTATWESTVIRGINIA,ANDOSCARROBERTSONATCINCINNATI,ALLHADPHENOMENALSKILLSTHATHAVESINCEBEENTHEMEASUREOFO