1、附錄一獨立寫作各類話題相關語匯Educationassignment, homework任務，家庭作業(yè)required/compulsory courses, elective courses必修課程；選修課程children and youth/adolescent青少年adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.適應segregate students, team spirit, think independently區(qū)分對待學生；團隊精神；獨立思考students' feedback/input, s

2、tudent appraise/evaluate their teachers' performance學生的反饋；學生對老師的評價generalist, specialist, well-­rounded/versatile通才；專才；多才多藝的人humanities, social science, arts, science and engineering, basic sciences, applied sciences人文；社科；藝術；科技；基礎科 學；應用科學self-­discipline自制，自我約束interact, participation/i

3、nvolvement交互；參與schooling, parenting, vocational education, curriculum上學；父母教育；職業(yè)教育；課程be proficient in, well-­acquainted with, role model, perform well在.方面很在行peer pressure, overprotective, frustration同輩壓力；過度保護；崩潰thought-­provoking, enlightening, inspiring激發(fā)思考的；啟迪的，激發(fā)的cultivate/foster/nurture

4、培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成refreshing, uplifting, motivating振奮人心的juvenile delinquency/youth crime, bully, truancy青少年犯罪；欺凌；逃學impart/inculcate knowledge傳授知識instill high moral values灌輸高尚的道德觀employable/marketable skills就業(yè)技能force-­feed the students填鴨教育學生memorize for memorization's own sake為了記憶而記憶memorize equations, f

5、ormulas, theorems and laws背誦公式理論和定理60follow sth. blindly/follow sth. indiscriminately盲目跟從；不加區(qū)分地跟從extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity限制、扼殺創(chuàng)造力dampen/sap the students' enthusiasm打擊學生熱情adverse circumstances/adversity逆境Technologystate-­of-­the-­art, cutting edge尖端的revolutionize徹底改革a

6、utomated, mechanized自動化的；機械化的mass-­production大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)cost-­effective/economical性價比高的transform改變breakthrough突破break boundaries打破界限advance發(fā)展，前進information overload, information explosion信息過量；信息爆炸inconceivable, novel, user-­friendly想象不到的；原創(chuàng)的；用戶友好的speed up/accelerate, augment/enhance/boost e

7、fficiency加速；提高效率innovation, ingenious創(chuàng)新；有獨創(chuàng)性的at a staggering rate以一種令人驚愕的速度ultra-­lightweight, portable超級輕便的；可攜帶的transaction交易the proliferation of the Internet/the intensive use of the Internet/the widespread use of the Internet網(wǎng)絡的普及Mediacuriosity好奇心dependable/trustworthy值得信賴的coverage覆蓋面make he

8、adlines, newsworthy成為頭版頭條；有新聞價值的informative, entertaining信息量大的；娛樂的privacy, violate/intrude on/infringe on someone's privacy隱私；侵犯某人隱私69ratings評分go viral/all the rage變得流行journalists/the press記者；報刊，新聞界groupies, icon, make a splash追星族；偶像；產(chǎn)生轟動clarify, censorship澄清；審查blow things out of proportion, exa

9、ggerate things夸大事實commercial, flyer, billboard, poster, tabloid電視廣告；傳單；廣告牌；海報；小報quiz show, reality show, talk show, variety show智力競爭節(jié)目；真人秀；脫口秀；綜藝節(jié)目sitcom, soap opera, current affairs情景喜??；肥皂?。粚嵤聇he print media/the electronic media紙媒；電子媒體be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.被所充斥delete

10、/eliminate/excise刪除excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic contents過量的暴力和色情內容misleading/misrepresented/distorted誤導的，扭曲的celebrities, scandals名人；丑聞up-­to-­date/up-­to-­the-­minute最新的code of ethics/code of conduct道德準則，行為準則ubiquitous/prevalent無所不在的high-­profile, low-&

11、#173;profile高調，低調fabricated, absurd/ludicrous編造的；荒謬的Work& Successdetermination決心motto座右銘established確定的a household name, glorious人盡皆知的人；光榮的fame, prestige, reputation名氣；威望；名聲misfortune, despair不幸；絕望attitude, tenacity/perseverance態(tài)度；毅力；堅持不懈commitment/undertaking/endeavor承諾；事業(yè)；努力，盡力highly-­soug

12、ht-­after被高度追求的have a yearning/longing/craving for sth.對某事有很大期許remarkable/excellent/outstanding/distinguished杰出的，優(yōu)秀的willpower意志力setback挫折rugged崎嶇的insurmountable無法超越的be adept in/be skilled in/be good at在某方面很擅長adhere to(principles, rules, a diet)堅守indispensable不可或缺的be a flash in the pan曇花一現(xiàn)clear-

13、­cut/specific goals明確的目標accomplished成功的excel in在某個方面優(yōu)于別人industrious, conscientious, constructive勤奮的；認真的；有建設性的stressful, exhausting壓力大的；疲倦的colleague, co-­worker同事feasible可行的recruit, layoff/downsizing招募；裁人stiff/fierce competition激烈的競爭high-­caliber, enthusiastic高素質的；熱情的self-­express

14、ion/self-­image/self-­esteem自我表達；自我認知；自尊assessment/evaluation評估，評價profession/occupation職業(yè)daunting/formidable可怕的significant/essential/vital非常重要的devoted/fervent/ardent在某方面很熱情，很投入job satisfaction工作滿意度stress-­induced diseases壓力誘導的疾病exert oneself in doing sth.強迫自己做某事interpersonal skills人際交

15、往技能freelancer自由職業(yè)者work overtime加班workaholic工作狂incentive/reward動機；獎賞solidarity, unity團結一致demanding需求高的compensation, income, salary收入；工資hectic忙碌的；興奮的Governmentabolish廢除implement實施legalize使得合法化priority優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權establish建立alleviate減緩the authorities政府forbid/prohibit禁止legislation法制tax revenue稅收收入democratic民主

16、的efficient高效的optimize the distribution of resources資源配置最優(yōu)化stability穩(wěn)定combat/tackle/resolve/address著手解決（問題）stringent嚴厲的，迫切的short-­sighted短視的citizens公民regulate規(guī)定monitor監(jiān)督者mandatory/compulsory強制的curtail削減augment增大a vicious cycle一個惡性循環(huán)rules and regulations規(guī)章制度laid-­off workers/downsized worker

17、s被裁掉的員工infrastructure基礎設施power grid輸電網(wǎng)water supply and drainage system水供給和排出系統(tǒng)a stop-­gap measure臨時措施Friendsdetect察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)appearance外貌attraction吸引力sociable善于社交的loyal忠誠的ambition壯志雄心的cooperative合作的organized有條理的intelligent聰明的gifted/talented有天賦的sincere真誠的candid/frank坦率的betray背叛superficial/shallow膚淺的el

18、oquent口才好的eternal永恒的modest謙遜的awkward奇怪的dilemma兩難困境genuine真正的underestimate低估virtue美德resilient有彈性的；易復原的solitary獨自reserved保守的，冷淡的compassionate慈悲的，富于同情心的assertive/self-­assured自大的tolerant容忍的witty睿智的amusing搞笑的hilarious極度幽默的vain徒勞的，自負的congenial意氣相投的；性格一致的prominent杰出的sophisticated復雜的；事故的tough難以相處的triv

19、ial細微的Old vs. Youngcustom習俗energetic有活力的promising有前途的entrenched根植的rueful悔恨的norm習慣old-­fashioned老式的antiquated過時的，陳舊的deteriorate使惡化obsolete過時的fossilized石化的，僵化的life expectancy壽命unprecedented前所未有的impractical不現(xiàn)實的reflection思考，反思empty-­nest syndrome空巢綜合征（老人因為兒女不在身邊而患上此疾）disoriented無判斷力的，分不清方向的min

20、dset心態(tài)，傾向；習慣maturity成熟linger in one's mind在腦海中揮之不去retirement退休baby/infants嬰兒adolescent青少年people in their 20s/30s20 多，30 多歲的人aging society老齡化社會mutual understanding互相理解fade退色，失去主導地位stagger蹣跚的recall回憶pay tribute to向某人致敬Transportationtreacherous road conditions危險的道路環(huán)境public transit公共交通drunk driving酒

21、后駕駛means of transportation交通方式vehicle交通工具densely-­populated人口密集的be squished up被擠得跟沙丁魚似的impose higher taxes on在上課以重稅metropolitan大都市的underpass地下通道overpass天橋steam-­driven蒸汽驅動的petrol-­driven石油驅動的hydrogen-­driven氫氣驅動的chaotic混亂的Environmentpollutant污染物dump傾倒recycle回收inhabit棲息；居住于conserv

22、e保存preserve保護shortage/scarcity稀缺eco-­friendly生態(tài)友好的local resident當?shù)鼐用駍kin cancer皮膚癌immune system免疫系統(tǒng)disposable一次性的，用完就丟棄的inhale吸入joint effort/concerted effort聯(lián)合的努力irreversible不可逆轉的alternative energy替代能源contaminate污染carbon dioxide emission二氧化碳的釋放exhaust fumes廢氣acid rain酸雨discharge排放，流出solar/wind/

23、nuclear energy太陽能，風能，核能artificial人在的exploit natural resources開發(fā)利用自然資源erode侵蝕chain reaction連鎖反應butterfly effect蝴蝶效應reshape our lives重塑我們的生活renewable resources可再生能源consume/deplete消耗；用盡greenhouse effect溫室效應Moneyprecious/valuable珍貴的worthless毫無價值的thrifty/frugal節(jié)儉的economical經(jīng)濟實惠的make ends meet收支平衡stylish時

24、髦的，現(xiàn)代風格的upscale高端的costly昂貴的exquisite精致的exorbitant price極度高昂的價格wealthy/affluent富有的impoverished/needy貧窮的temptation引誘；誘惑物outfit全套裝備property財富jealousy嫉妒tempting有吸引力的generosity慷慨，大方charity慈善philanthropy慈善despise輕視，蔑視Leisureexcursion遠足，短途旅行sightseeing觀光conducted/guided tour跟團旅行package tour背包行exotic異域風情的ba

25、ckpacker背包客souvenir紀念品explore探索，發(fā)現(xiàn)relics遺跡，紀念物expand one's outlook/vision擴大視野diversion/pastime消遣，娛樂活動recreation娛樂release stress釋放壓力get away from the daily grind從每天的瑣事當中逃離lift one's spirits提振精神memorable顯著的，難忘的，值得紀念的cosmetics化妝品，裝飾品calm the nerves and restore the soul鎮(zhèn)定神經(jīng)exhibition展覽workout鍛煉blood circulation血液循環(huán)flexibility靈活性gorgeous華麗的，燦爛的，極好的hideous可怕的，丑惡的appealing/attractive富有吸引力的indulge in沉浸在中aesthetic美學的Familyelderly people老年人family bonds家庭紐帶family values家庭價值strengthen/reinforce加強sibling兄弟姐妹cousin表親personality clash性格沖突household appliances家