1、主謂一致一、 主謂一致應(yīng)遵循的規(guī)則：1語法形式上的一致：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Jane and Mary look healthy and strong . The number of mistakes was surprising .2. 意義上一致：1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The crowd were running for their lives .單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people， police，cattle，militia 等。2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The news w

2、as very exciting .形復(fù)意單的單詞有 news，works（工廠）和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名.稱.physics， politics，mathematics等。3. 就近原則。即謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，either，rneither.nor， not onlybut als等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this .二、主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1. 由bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由 or,ei

3、theror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut，連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時， 根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。 例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. /Tom or Jack is wrong. /Either this one or that one is OK.2. 以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：No news isgood news./Maths is very popular in our class3. a n

4、umber of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例：A number of famous people were invited to party. /The number of the students is over eight houndred.4. 當(dāng)kind of,pair of, glass of等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時，謂語與 kind,pair,glass等一致。例如： This pair of shoes is Tom /The' are two glasses of wather on the

5、 table.5. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.6. 以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk. /Here are some books and paper for you.7. 不定代詞 somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,n

6、obody,no one,nothing 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如：Is everyone here today. /Something is wrong with him.8. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.9.

7、people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：People here are veryfriendly./His family isn ' t large. /My family all like watching TV.10. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為"許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai.11. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語

8、，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：More than one student has ever been to Beijing.12. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. /Ten miles isn ' t a long distance.13. 主語是each/every/no+單數(shù)名詞+and（each/every/no）+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man an

9、d every woman is at work.14. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough.15. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe. /Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.16. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： A student or two has failed the exam.17. 當(dāng)主語部分含有 with，toge ether with，alon

10、g with，as well as，besides, except， but，like 等介詞或介詞 短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Mike with his father has been to England. Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football18. 分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。但要注意population 一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。Part of the work has been done by us . Ten percent of

11、 the apples were bad .19. 不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.20. 在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞 who , that , which ,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。注意：在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which "

12、;引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于 one前是否有the (only)、the very。 如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)， 如沒有the only，就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. He was the only one of the students who was late for school.初中英語反意疑問句專項語法講解反意疑問句是由兩部分組成的，前一部分是對事物的陳述(即陳述句)，后一部分是簡短的提問(即簡短疑問句)，中間用逗號隔開。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一

13、部分就用否定疑問句；如果前一部分用否定句， 后一部分就用肯定疑問句。兩部分的人稱和時態(tài)要一致。其回答是用yes或no來表示。一、含 be(is, are, was, were)動詞的反意疑問句其句型是：句型 1:主語 + be+其它，isn ' t(aren ' t, wasn ' t, werefe語?)+句型 2:主語 + be not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主語？注意：There be句型There is an old picture on the wall, isn' t there?Yes, there is. No, the

14、re isn ' t.二、行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時的反意疑問句其句型是：句型1:主語+動詞原形+其它，don' t I(you, we, they)?句型2:主語+ don' t動詞原形+其它，do I(you, we, they)?句型3:主語+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)+其它，doesn' t he(she, it)?句型4:主語+ doesn'動1詞原形+其它，does he(she, it)?三、行為動詞的一般過去時的反意疑問句其句型是：句型1:主語+動詞過去式+其它，didn ' 主語？句型2:主語+didn ' t動詞原形+其它，did +

15、主語？四、一般將來時的反意疑問句其句型是：句型1:主語+will+動詞原形+其它，won t+主語？句型2:主語+ won' t +動詞原形+其它，will +主語？注意：There be句型的一般將來時t there?There will be a basketball match tomorrow, wonYes, there will. No, there won ' t.五、現(xiàn)在完成時的反意疑問句其句型是：句型1:主語+have+動詞過去分詞+其它，haven' t主語？句型2:主語+ haven' t動詞過去分詞+其它，have +主語？句型3:主語+

16、has+動詞過去分詞+其它，hasn' t主語？句型4:主語+ hasn ' t動詞過去分詞+其它，has + 主語？中考英語：反意疑問句對應(yīng)規(guī)則二十四條一、反意疑問句中問句部分的動詞與陳述部分的動詞在語氣上成相反的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如： You can' t do it, can you?They are very late for the meeting, aren' t they?二、反意疑問句中問句部分的動詞與陳述部分的動詞種類要對應(yīng)一致。如： He has supper at home every day, doesn '

17、不不能?用 hasn' t he?) They have known the matter, haven ' t th不y能用 don' t they?)三、反意疑問句中問句部分的動詞在時態(tài)上應(yīng)和陳述部分的時態(tài)一致。如： They will go to town soon, won ' t th不y?用 don' t they?或 aren' t they?) He works very hard, doesn ' t 不能(用 didn ' t he或 wori t he?)四、反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un-, im-, in

18、-, dis-,等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語時，陳述部分要視為肯定含義，問句部分用否定形式。如： Your father is unhappy, isn'不he用 is he?) The man is dishonest, isn '不e?用 is he?) It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn 不能用'is it?)五、反意疑問句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時，問句部分用肯定式。如： She never

19、 tells a lie, does she?不用 doesn' t she?) He was seldom late, was he?不用 wasn' t he?)六、 反意疑問句的陳述部分為lam時，問句部分習(xí)慣上用aren' t?表示。如：I am a very honest man, aren ' t I?七、 反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that從句時，問句部分的動詞及 主語與that從句內(nèi)的動詞和主語保持一致。如： I think that he has done his

20、best, hasn' t he? We think that English is very useful, isn不用 tdtSh( t we?)八、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We) don ' t think(believe, uppose, consider)+ that從句時，從句為否定意義，問句部分的動詞和主語仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I don ' t think that you can do it, can you?不用 do I?) We dori t believe that the news is true, is it?(不用

21、do we?)九、反意疑問句的陳述部分為非第一人稱主語+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that從句時，問句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致。如： They all think that English is very important, don不用t tisGy?( it?) He didn ' t think that the news was true, did he?不用 wasn' t/ was it?)十、反意疑問句的陳述部分為主語+said( told, reported, asked ) +從句時，問

22、句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致。如： They said that you had finished your work, didn'不用elyadn' t you) Kate told you that she would go there, didn不用She?i(ldn' t she?)十、陳述部分的主語為不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything時，問句部分的主語用it如：Something is wrong w ith the computer, isnNthing has happened

23、to them, has it?十二、陳述部分的主語為不定代詞somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one),everybody(everyone)時，問句部分的主語用 he或they，這時問句動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或they 一致。如: Someone has taken the seat, hasn' t he? Everyone has done their best in the game, haven ' t they?十三、陳述部分為Let me時，問句部分習(xí)慣上用shall I? 或 will you?形式。如:Le

24、t me have a try, shall I?(will you?)十四、陳述部分為Let us 時，問句部分習(xí)慣上用will you?形式。如:Let us stop to rest, will you?十五、陳述部分為 Let' s時，問句部分習(xí)慣上用 shall we?形式。如:Let' s go home together, shall we?十六、陳述部分用上述情況以外的祈使句時，問句部分一般用will you?形式表示請求，用 wori t you?形式表示委婉請求或邀請。如： Do sit down, won ' t you?/ will you Yo

25、u feed the bird today, will you? Please open the window, will you?(won ' t you?)十七、陳述部分為否定祈使句時，問句部分一般用will you?形式。如：Dori t make any noise, will you?十八、陳述部分為 There (Here) + be +主語時，問句部分用動詞 +there(here)?形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, aren'Here?s a story about Mark Twain, isn' t he

26、re?十九、陳述部分用had better +原形動詞表示建議時，問句部分用hadn' t 主語？形式。 Yoi/ d better tell him about the matter, hadn' t you? We had better do it by ourselves, hadn ' t we?二十、陳述部分用 used to +主語時，問句部分用didn ' t +主語？或usedn ' t主語？形式。 He used to live in the country, didn' t he?/usedn ' t he? They

27、 used to be good friends, didn ' t they?/usedn ' t they?二、陳述部分用 must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推測時，若句中帶有明顯的過去時間的狀語， 問句部分動詞用過去時形式。如： He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn' t he?(不用 mightn ' t he?/ hasn ' t he?) You must have got up late this morning, di

28、dn ' t y不用(mustn ' t you?/haven ' t you?)二十二、陳述部分用 must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推測時，若句中沒有帶明顯的過去時間的狀 語，問句部分動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時形式。如： Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven不用hem&stn ' t they?) You must have worked the re a year ago, didn ' t yo用?(mustn ' t you?/ h

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35、oop poo6 suo op o丄:Ml!宙里王陰國回'廟衛(wèi)爭立塗團(tuán)多程華里王陰皋駁謝 '園亠二18. The singer and the dancercome to Beijing.A. has B. haveC. areD. is19. The children in this class eacha new school bag.A. have B. hasC. has got D. are having20. All but onehere just now.A. is B. wasC. has been D. were反意疑問句練習(xí)1. You'd rat

36、her watch TV this evening,?a. isn't it b. hadn't you c. wouldn't you d. won't you2. I suppose you're not going today,?a. are you b. do you c. don't you d. aren't you3. I wish to shake hands with you,?a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I4. Three hours ought to be enough tim

37、e,?a. oughtn't three hours b. didn't they c. shouldn't it d. shouldn't three hours5. They have to study a lot,?a. don't they b. haven't they c. did they d. hadn't they6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt,?a. didn't he b. did he c. did it d. didn

38、9;t it7. I'm sure dirty,?a. am I b. isn't I c. aren't I d. am not I8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don't think you judged your ability objectively when youapplied for it,you?a. do b. did c. don't d. didn't9. That's the sort of the book you want,?a

39、. is it d. isn't that c. is that d. isn't it10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you,?a. are they b. aren't they c. are all these dictionaries d. aren't all these dictionaries11. The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting,?a. wasn't it b. was it c. didn't

40、 we d. weren't we12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now,?a. hasn't he b. has he c. shouldn't he d. didn't you13. David told me that you would take a trip to America,?a. would you b. wouldn't you c. did you d. didn't you14. Ther

41、e appeared to be no better way,?a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn't there二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)要求改寫句子。（每題2分，共30分）1、acy asked him to turn down the radio.（對劃I線部分提問 ）Lucy ask him to do?2、hey will finish building the house in two weeks.（對劃線部分提問）they fin ish buildi ng the house.3、Mary does her homework at home in Sunday.（改為一般疑問句 ）Maryher homework at home on Sunday ?4、The old man can hardly dress himself.（改為反意疑問句 ）The old man can hardly dress himself,?5、It ' s ten minutes ' walk from my home to the sCM劃線部分提問）is it f