1、英譯漢重要短語(yǔ)及句型連載(1 . not so much. as (but . 與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)(2 . not so much that.as (but that. 與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)(3 . not so much as. (=not even 甚至于不,連也不(4 . might as well . as. 與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)例1:He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.譯文:與其說(shuō)他是老師,還不如說(shuō)是學(xué)者。(注意翻譯時(shí)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象例2:It wasn't so much his appearance I liked as his personali

2、ty.譯文:與其說(shuō)我喜歡他的外表,不如說(shuō)我喜歡他的品格。例3:It's not so much that I don't want to come but I just haven't got the tim 譯文:倒不是因?yàn)槲也幌雭?lái),而是我根本沒(méi)有時(shí)間。例4:He didn't so much as say thank you after all we'd done for him.譯文:我們?yōu)樗闪四敲炊嗍?他甚至連謝謝都沒(méi)有說(shuō)一聲。例5:You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend

3、it to him.譯文:與其將錢借給他,還不如把錢丟進(jìn)大海。(注意翻譯時(shí)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象注意:more . than .1 she is more beautiful than her sister. 她比她姐姐漂亮。2 George is more intelligent than aggressive. 與其說(shuō)喬治言行放肆,不如說(shuō)他聰穎過(guò)人。以上第1句是more. than結(jié)構(gòu)的一般用法,即在兩個(gè)不同的事物之間就同一方面作比較;而第2句是就同一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)不同方面作比較。因此要譯成“與其說(shuō)還不如說(shuō)”。more.than結(jié)構(gòu)在上述1 2兩句中的用法也適用于less . than結(jié)構(gòu),得出相反的含義

4、:例如:1 John is less daring than quick-witted. 與其說(shuō)約翰膽大,不如說(shuō)他腦子靈活。2 George was less intelligent than aggressive. 與其說(shuō)喬治聰穎過(guò)人,不如說(shuō)他言行放肆。幾個(gè)不定代詞的固定搭配:have none of: 不參加;不準(zhǔn);不接受I will have none of your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法!He was offered a job but he said hed have none of it. 他有一個(gè)工作機(jī)會(huì),但他說(shuō)他不接受。none but (=no

5、thing but: 只有(=onlyNone but the brave deserves the fair. 只有英雄才配得上美人。She chose none but the best. 她只選最好的。She is nothing but a child. 她只不過(guò)是個(gè)孩子。none other than: (表示驚訝不是別人,正是 (= no one else butIts none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa.none the +比較級(jí)詞+ for: 毫不,一點(diǎn)也不He spent 2 weeks in hospital

6、 but hes none the better for it.他在醫(yī)院里待了兩個(gè)星期,但一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)好轉(zhuǎn)。My car is none the worse for wear. 我的車子一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有損耗。none the wiser: 不知情If we take only one piece of cake, mother will be none the wiser.如果我們只拿一小塊蛋糕,母親是不會(huì)知道的。none too: (在形容詞或副詞前 不太;一點(diǎn)都不The service in this restaurant is none too fast. 這家旅館的服務(wù)一點(diǎn)效率都沒(méi)有。anyth

7、ing but: 除-之外什么都(此處的but等于except決不(=not at allI eat anything but (except fish. 除了魚(yú),我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook. 她決不是個(gè)好廚師。(即:除了好廚師,她什么都是。 anything of: (疑問(wèn)句/條件句一點(diǎn)點(diǎn);(否定句一點(diǎn)也(沒(méi)有Is he anything of a poet? 他有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)詩(shī)人的樣子嗎?I havent seen anything of him lately. 最近我沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。for anything: (否定句(給什么都不,決不I wont

8、go there for anything. 我決不去那里。or anything: (意味著還有其他的可能性If Bernard w ants to call me or anything, Ill be here all day.如果伯納德要找我或什么的,我整天都會(huì)在這兒。if anything: 若有任何不同的話If anything, my new job is harder than my old one.要說(shuō)有什么不同的話,我的新工作反而比舊工作要難些。or something: 或什么的(表示說(shuō)話者不能肯定She is a stewardess or something. 她是空

9、姐或什么的。something like: 有點(diǎn)像,大約An airship is shaped something like a cigar. 飛船的形狀有點(diǎn)像雪茄。something of a.: 多少有點(diǎn),有幾分像,略懂hes something of a book collector. 他有幾分像書(shū)籍收藏家。something to / in: (敘述等有些道理Theres something to / in what you say; Ill take your advice.你說(shuō)的有些道理,我會(huì)接受你的建議have / be something to do with: 與有關(guān)I t

10、hink Guy Fawkes had / was something to do with a plan to blow up the bridge.我想蓋佛克跟圖謀炸毀橋梁有關(guān)。nothing but (= none but = only: 僅僅,只不過(guò)We could see nothing but fog. 除了霧之外我們什么也看不見(jiàn)。for nothing: 免費(fèi)的;徒勞的;無(wú)緣無(wú)故的She got the ticket for nothing. 她免費(fèi)得到那張票。All our preparation for nothing! No ones even come to the pa

11、rty.我們?yōu)檠鐣?huì)所作的準(zhǔn)備都白費(fèi)了! 連一個(gè)人都沒(méi)來(lái)。They quarreled for nothing. 他們無(wú)緣無(wú)故地爭(zhēng)吵。make nothing of: (常和can一起用不理解;不重視,輕視(= think nothing ofI could make nothing of the passage. 我不理解這篇文章。He makes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a day. 他不在乎一天工作十小時(shí)。to say nothing of: 更不用說(shuō)(= not to mention / without mentioningThree

12、people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building.三個(gè)人受了重傷,建筑物的損害更不用說(shuō)了。have nothing to do with: 與無(wú)關(guān)I have nothing to do with the accident. 我與這場(chǎng)事故無(wú)關(guān)。nothing if not: 格外地;非常地(= very / much / extremelyHe was nothing if not clever. (= He was very clever. 他格外聰明。nothing of: 無(wú)的部分;無(wú)的氣質(zhì)There was

13、 nothing of the lady in her behavior. 她的舉止根本沒(méi)有淑女的氣質(zhì)。區(qū)別:all but 幾乎,差一點(diǎn),除以外其余都是but for要不是but that+從句:若不是例1:She all but fainted when she heard the news.譯文:她聽(tīng)到這一消息時(shí)幾乎暈倒了。注:此句中a11 but意為nearly,almost。試對(duì)比:All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting.譯文:除了小孩,大家都認(rèn)為這次旅行是激動(dòng)人心的。此句中all but意為a11

14、 except。例2:But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.譯文:要不是下雨,我們的旅行本來(lái)是愉快的。例3:He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.譯文:若不是他那時(shí)缺錢,他是會(huì)幫助我們的。注1.but that引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。2.but that有靈活的譯法。如:Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap.(那孩子什么都不要,只要我把她抱在懷

15、里。“名詞+or+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中or后的名詞是同位語(yǔ),應(yīng)譯為“即;或者稱”例1:Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.譯文:再者,除機(jī)器外技術(shù)還包括技藝,即制作方法,而動(dòng)用這些技藝并不一定都需要機(jī)器。“only + to do”意為“,結(jié)果卻”,即表示與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的目的相反的結(jié)果。例1: They don't have to pay for expensiv

16、e seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, onlyto discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.譯文:他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價(jià)格很貴的票,(如果去了,結(jié)果卻可能發(fā)現(xiàn),所演的節(jié)目令人失望。例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.譯文:他們匆匆忙忙趕到那兒,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)議被取消了。not more / -er than 與no more / -er than 結(jié)構(gòu)比較:John is not be

17、tter than Tom.John is no better than Tom.前一句表示“約翰不比湯姆好”,屬于普通的比較結(jié)構(gòu);后一例用了no 情況就不同了。no better than 相當(dāng)于as bad as,含義是兩人一樣壞。這里,“no + 形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+ than”所表示的可以說(shuō)是該形容詞或副詞的反意。例如:no richer than = as poor as 和一樣窮no bigger than = as small as 和一樣小no later than = as early as 和一樣早同樣地:I have not taken more than six cou

18、rses this semester.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.前一句的含義是本學(xué)期選的課不多于六門;后一句的含義是只選了六門。強(qiáng)調(diào)“少”。上述結(jié)構(gòu)與表示前后都否定的no more.than (= not.any more than又有所不同:例:A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(鯨和馬同樣不是魚(yú)。另外,在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中,單獨(dú)使用more than 也能表示否定概念:例1:That is more than I can tell. 我簡(jiǎn)直不能說(shuō)。例2:My trip t

19、o Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不僅僅是旅游觀光而已。no more.than. (= not.any more than 和樣都不(表示前后都否定 例1:The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心臟和胃一樣都無(wú)智力可言,因?yàn)樗鼈兌际怯纱竽X控制的。例2:There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more th

20、an they can limit how much water you drink.譯文:他們沒(méi)有理由限制你服用多少維他命,就像他們不能限制你喝多少水一樣。例3:More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese.譯文:越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)黑人認(rèn)識(shí)到他是個(gè)詭計(jì)多端的敵人。他仇視美國(guó)黑人,正像他仇視剛果人民一樣。(直譯:,他不愛(ài)美國(guó)黑人,正像他不愛(ài)剛果人一樣。 注釋:not.any more than是no more.tha

21、n的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。例如:1 Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.杰克與約翰一樣都不聰明。2 A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak. 人不會(huì)飛翔,就像鳥(niǎo)不會(huì)說(shuō)話一樣。3 As a nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime fai

22、lings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation,the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.作為一個(gè)國(guó)家,法國(guó)正如日本一樣不積極地從他們的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。上述例句表明,no more.than并不表示比較,而是表示比喻,含有比喻意義的比較級(jí)用于否定時(shí),than后面的從句不用否定式,但譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)要用否定式。而與上述句型意義相反的是:no less.than,意為:“和同樣是”。例如:Human is no les

23、s an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是動(dòng)物。而no less than 的意思為:“簡(jiǎn)直是,實(shí)在是”,例如:1 It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高價(jià),簡(jiǎn)直是敲詐。2 It is no less than a scandal. 這實(shí)在是一件丑聞。not nearly (=by no means,far from 遠(yuǎn)不例1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that

24、 we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.考試大譯文:食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng),這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷方面正面臨危機(jī)。注:1 this是指上面提到的“到21世紀(jì)初世界人口將增加到60億或70億”。2 又如: There are not nearly enough people here to do the job.(這里的人手遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作?！案挥谜f(shuō)”的表示法:much lessstill less以上兩短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句,表示一種追加的否定,less是由li

25、ttle的比較級(jí),所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中,可譯為“更不用說(shuō),更不必說(shuō)”。to say nothing ofnot to speak ofnot to mentionlet alone這四個(gè)詞組也意為“更不用說(shuō)”,也是一種追補(bǔ)的說(shuō)法。但它們與much less和still less 有所不同。這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定,即前一句是肯定,則追加的也是肯定意義;如果前一句是否定,則追加的是否定意義例1:I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.譯文:我不能同意這種行為,更談不上參加這些行動(dòng)了。例2:He

26、 knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.譯文:他幾乎不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué),更不用說(shuō)化學(xué)了。例3:I did not even see him, still less (= much less shake hands with him.譯文:我看也沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)過(guò)他,哪里還談得上同他握手呢?例4:In old China, here was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of anelectronic industry. 譯文：在舊中國(guó)，幾乎沒(méi)有什么機(jī)器制造工業(yè)，

27、更不用說(shuō)電子工業(yè)了。 例 5：Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons. 譯文：莎莉?qū)W了唱歌和舞蹈課，而且還學(xué)了游泳和網(wǎng)球課。 例 6：At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. 譯文：那時(shí)他連普通生活都不能維持，更不要說(shuō)奢侈品了。 例 7：They have three fine sons, not to speak of

28、their two 1ovely daughters. 譯文：他們有了三個(gè)好兒子，而且還有兩個(gè)可愛(ài)的女兒。 例 8：I don't know algebra or geometry，not to mention calculus. 譯文：我連代數(shù)、幾何都不懂，更不必說(shuō)微積分了。 例 9： A11 they have to do is press a button， and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the late

29、st exciting football match. 譯文：他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕，就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演 出，而且還能看到各種政治辯論和最近舉行的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。 例 10：I can't add two and two, let alone do fractions. 譯文：我連 2 加 2 都不會(huì)，更不要說(shuō)做分?jǐn)?shù)題了。 注意：美國(guó)成語(yǔ)詞典認(rèn)為 let alone 只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的詞典認(rèn)為，該短 語(yǔ)也可以引導(dǎo)追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage a

30、nd the two dogs. nothing else than 完全是，實(shí)在是 例 1: What the man said was nothing else than nonsense. 譯文：那人講的話完全是一派胡言。 例 2: Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence. 譯文：你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奮。 It is not that.but that. 這不是說(shuō)，而是說(shuō) 例 1: It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance

31、in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 譯文： 這并不是說(shuō)在一種情況下所使用的磅秤和另一種情況下所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理上 或工作方式上存在差別，而是說(shuō)與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計(jì)量上 必然更加準(zhǔn)確。 can not.too. 再也

32、不過(guò)分 例 1: We cannot be too careful of health. 我們無(wú)論如何注意健康也不為過(guò)。 例 2: You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 你開(kāi)車時(shí)再小心也不過(guò)分。 例 3: We can not be too faithful to our duties. 我們必須盡力忠于職守。 other.than. 或 other than. 不同于，非；除了 例 l: Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than t

33、hose in which the crude ores are mined. 譯文：提煉礦石的廠房通常不是設(shè)在采礦石的國(guó)家而設(shè)在其它國(guó)家。 例 2: Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together. 譯文：當(dāng)這些反應(yīng)物放在一起時(shí)，常發(fā)生不希望有的一些反應(yīng)。(即：常發(fā)生與希望 有的反應(yīng)不同的反應(yīng)。 例 3: All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition. 譯文：除了窗之外，屋子的其它部分都完好無(wú)損。 . the last + n. + 不定式或定語(yǔ)從句：意為“最不可能的” 例 1: She would be the