1、英語作文圖表類寫作-書面表達(dá)講解與訓(xùn)練一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：書面表達(dá)講解與訓(xùn)練圖表類寫作如何寫圖表作文 圖表作文多以說明文和議論文為主，要求考生根據(jù)所給的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)及標(biāo)題進(jìn)行分析、研究，閱讀其中的文字和說明，弄清各種信息之間的關(guān)系，提煉和確定出文章的中心思想。然后進(jìn)行分析、概括和歸納。注意：1）圖表和數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容不必全部描述。2）善于抓住總的規(guī)律，趨勢，歸納增減率。 3）時(shí)態(tài)：特定時(shí)間用過去時(shí)。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況或自己的評述用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。圖表作文形式有 數(shù)字表：曲線圖(line graph) 表格 (table) 圖形表：餅狀圖(pie chart) 條狀圖(bar chart)常見的表達(dá)用語 短語: 上升

2、 go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/jump to The population of this city has been increasing so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million. There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995. 保持沒變 remain; not change The number of fires in e

3、ach month remained the same. 下降 fall to; go down to; decrease; drop to; decline; In comparison with that in 1988, the percentage of peak points decreased by 30%. The number of South American travelers increased slightly and the number of visitors from Europe declined slightly. 句式： The table shows (i

4、ndicates) that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad. As we can see from the graph that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003. From the table we can find out that only 35% of the people have taken in physical activities. According to Chart I,the number wa

5、s ten times as many as in 1995. Compared with the boys, the girls show more interested in chatting. The number of the boys playing games is much larger than that of the girls. .is equal to that of. It doubled the number of last year. 結(jié)束語 As can be seen from the chart that, only 10% of the time is ta

6、ken up with sports activities. As is shown in the chart, the production last month rose so significantly As is described in the chart, the total number of visitors to the United States had nearly doubled to 2.7 million person by 1974. After giving a careful consideration to the problem, I think I wi

7、ll be able to select the one who best fits the position. It is clear from the chart that as incomes increase people can afford to live more comfortably and eat well. Therefore, we need to educate our children, warning them of the dangers of playing with matches. In conclusion, the upward trends sugg

8、est that more and more computer users will have access to Internet in the future. In summary, smoking increased three different times and declined twice, with the last downward trend still continuing.常用連接詞 To move to the next major point: whats more, in addition, besides, furthermore. To contrast a

9、point: on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, however, yet. To conclude a point: consequently, as a result, in other words, in short, accordingly. To emphasize a point: without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact.【典型例題】圖表類作文分析與講解 例1. 2004 北京高考 某學(xué)校對中學(xué)生課余活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果如下。請根據(jù)圖表1提供的信息描述學(xué)

10、生每天的課余活動(dòng)，并針對圖表2中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中反映的情況寫出你的一個(gè)看法。詞數(shù)不少于60。 生詞：圖表chart 例文：Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time93 minutesinto their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. Th

11、ey put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework. As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should

12、 encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic. ·對圖表準(zhǔn)確說明和表達(dá)信息的能力 ·根據(jù)信息闡述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的能力 ·安排好要點(diǎn)和數(shù)據(jù)的表達(dá)，組織好文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是完成這篇寫作任務(wù)的要點(diǎn) （以往的寫作任務(wù)是要求學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片或是文字信息來敘述內(nèi)容，表達(dá)思想，屬于記敘文體。 但這篇寫作任務(wù)是說明和議論的結(jié)合。） 例2. 2001上海春招 某城市近年每百人中手機(jī)用戶增長示意圖 根據(jù)所給圖表，簡要描述某城市近年每

13、百人中手機(jī)用戶增長情況，并試分析其增長原因。 例文：More and more people have mobile phones in recent years. In 1995, only one person in a hundred had a mobile phone in some city, showed as the above diagram. In 1997, 10 persons in a hundred had mobile phones. The number of the people who had mobile phones was ten times as m

14、any as in 1995. In 1999, there were 20 persons who had mobile phones. In 2001, a half of the persons in a hundred had mobile phones. There are several reasons for the increase of the number of people having mobile phones. First, the technology of making mobile phones is changing rapidly. Secondly, p

15、eoples income had been increasing quickly. Thirdly, mobile phones are useful in peoples life. They can communicate with others very conveniently. 課堂練習(xí) 1. 某對外發(fā)行的英文報(bào)紙對中國群眾體育現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，請根據(jù)下列圖表和所給提示，用英語寫一篇報(bào)道，向該報(bào)投稿。 參加體育活動(dòng)的人口比例： 影響人們參加體育活動(dòng)的客觀原因： （a）不懂鍛煉方法者 （b）場地遠(yuǎn)、不方便 （c）缺少場地設(shè)施 （d）缺少時(shí)間 針對以上狀況作出說明： 缺乏體育鍛煉會(huì)使人們

16、的體質(zhì)下降； 應(yīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)體育鍛煉的重要性； 應(yīng)采取措施，提供人們鍛煉的場地和器材(facilities); 詞數(shù)：100 120； 例文：Recently we made a survey of the people on physical training. Only 35 percent of the surveyed people have taken part in physical activities, but the rest never have. There are many reasons for this. Over half of the people say they

17、 haven't got enough time to do exercise. 34.9% of them complain that they don't have places where they can relax and that there are not enough training facilities. 12.9% of the people feel that they live too far away from the training centers. Some of them even don't know how to train. B

18、ecause of lack of physical training, many people are not in good health. People should realize the importance of it, and measures should be taken to provide people with more training facilities and places.【模擬試題】寫作練習(xí) 1. 根據(jù)所繪表格，為某城市市報(bào)寫一篇新聞報(bào)道，簡要描述該市近年家用電腦用戶增長情況，并分析其增長原因。主要原因?yàn)椋弘娔X在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛使用；上網(wǎng)獲取信息的方便，快捷；

19、學(xué)校普遍開設(shè)電腦課程；近兩年家庭收入增長等。 Recently the average number of personal computers in every 100 families has been increasing rapidly in our city . In 1995_ 2. 下列表格為某城市1993年與2002年人們度假方式的情況比較， 請按表格內(nèi)容對度假方式變化的原因進(jìn)行簡要的分析。 19932002原因境外旅游11%22%收入增加海邊度假38%31%海水污染爬山野營11%34%回歸自然【試題答案】寫作練習(xí) 1. Recently the average number

20、of personal computers in every 100 families has been increasing rapidly in our city. In 1995 there were only two or three computers in per hundred families. In 1997, 10% of families began to own computers, and 20% in 1999. With the wide use of computers in all kinds of fields and the increase of fam

21、ily income, 50% of the families have their own computers at home in 2001. Searching for information easily and conveniently on Internet and computer lessons taught in school are also the reasons why so many families have computers. It is believed that in the near future more and more people will buy computers for their own. 2. The way people spend their holi