1、 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞高中英語總復(fù)習(xí)專題之非謂語不定式（不定式（to do)to do)分詞分詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞(-ing)過去分詞過去分詞(-ed)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)- ing - ing 分詞分詞-ed-ed 分詞分詞 顧名思義，非謂語動(dòng)詞就是在英語中不能作句子謂語而顧名思義，非謂語動(dòng)詞就是在英語中不能作句子謂語而具有其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞。在語法填空、完形填空和寫作具有其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞。在語法填空、完形填空和寫作中一定要分清謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞。中一定要分清謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞。在同一個(gè)位置上通常不能有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語動(dòng)詞。在同一個(gè)位置上通常不能有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語動(dòng)詞。一、非

2、謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別一、非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別1.I have something _(say) to say2.China is a _ (develope) country. developing3.He was then a teacher _(respect)by all hisstudents.respected4.The boy _(pick) up the book and _(give) it to the girl _(cry)on the fround.pickedgavecrying5._(climb)to the top of the mountain _(ta

3、ke) us a lot of time.To climbtook6.When_(drive) to work, he _(have)an accident.drivinghad1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.3) Collecting information is very important to business men. 4) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.二、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語二、考查非謂

4、語動(dòng)詞作主語能作主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有不定式和動(dòng)名詞。能作主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有不定式和動(dòng)名詞。二者的二者的 區(qū)別是：區(qū)別是：動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)通常位于句首；動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用it 作形式主語放在句首。作形式主語放在句首。表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。1). To make a plan first is a good idea. It is a good idea to make a plan first. = It

5、takes three hours to walk there. 2). To walk there takes three hours. 改寫句子：改寫句子：2. 2. 動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語。It is/was no use/goodnot any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too lat

6、e every day. 若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, , 應(yīng)保持形式應(yīng)保持形式 上的一致。上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 如如want,wish,hope,manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree,expect等。等。三、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語三、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 to sound I dont want _(sound) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the

7、managers plan is unfair. They promise _(come), but they didnt appear.to comeThey left the factory, with the machine_(run) all night.runningHe told us we should practise_(speak)English as often as possible.speaking不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。1. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語1) I cant stand _ (w

8、ork)with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ (lose)the good opportunity. workingto stoplosing如：如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, ima

9、gine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest,deny.2. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，1)Your watch needs _(repair)2) The windows need_(paint)again.repairing to be repaired.painting to be painted這類動(dòng)詞主要有：這類動(dòng)詞主要有：want、need、require1.Walking along the river, we heard someone _(shout) for help.2.Whe

10、n she returned home, she found thewindow open and something _(steal).3.My teacher told me not_ (be)so careless.to bestolenshouting 四、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)四、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)-ed,-ing和和to do 都可以做賓補(bǔ)都可以做賓補(bǔ),但表達(dá)的意思有所不同但表達(dá)的意思有所不同-ing ( 主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行)-ed的的 (被動(dòng)，完成被動(dòng)，完成)to do和賓語有時(shí)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系和賓語有時(shí)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,有時(shí)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系有時(shí)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,(將來將來) 不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

11、表達(dá)的意義不同。不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表達(dá)的意義不同。 1. I heard her _( sing) an English song just now. 2. I heard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 3. I heard the English song _( sing) many times. 4. I was surprised to find my hometown_ (change) so much. singsingingsung接過去分詞時(shí)，表被動(dòng)或完成。接過去分詞時(shí)，表

12、被動(dòng)或完成。 changed接不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程；接不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程；接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，或正要做分詞表示的動(dòng)接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，或正要做分詞表示的動(dòng)作；作；1. Children should be allowed _ (make) their own decisions.to make2.My advisor encouraged me_ _ (take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.to take3.The boss made the workers_(work)1

13、3 hours a day.work使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞能接不帶使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞能接不帶to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的使役動(dòng)詞有常見的使役動(dòng)詞有make, let, have等等感官動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel 以及以及l(fā)ook at, listen to等等注意注意:在以上動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)在以上動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),要還原要還原to使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞+賓賓+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(to do)3.Please tell the children _ (play) outside not to make

14、 so much noise.不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞都可以作定語，主要區(qū)別在于它們的都可以作定語，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時(shí)態(tài)意義和語態(tài)意義時(shí)態(tài)意義和語態(tài)意義。五五. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1.Their decision_ (give) up the experiment surprised us. 2.He was the last one _ (leave) school yesterday. to give to leaveplaying4.They lived in a room_ (face) the south.facing5. _(bark)dog

15、s seldom bite.Barking 6.Some of the experiments _(describe) in the book are easy to perform.described7.There have been several new events _ (add)to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.added現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和被修飾的名詞具有現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和被修飾的名詞具有“主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系”過去分詞作定語和被修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系過去分詞作定語和被修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后即將發(fā)

16、生的動(dòng)作不定式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作能作狀語的有不定式和分詞。作什么樣的狀語往往取決于它們能作狀語的有不定式和分詞。作什么樣的狀語往往取決于它們的位置和在句中的意義。的位置和在句中的意義。六、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語六、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1.He hurried home only_(find) his money stolen.to find2.All of us are surprised_(see)his rapid progress.to see3._(give)a chance, I can surprise the world.Given4._(come) int

17、o the room, he found his father angry. Coming5.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled,_ (look) rather pleased. looking分詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語問題分詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語問題分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須同句子的主語一致分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須同句子的主語一致現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語往往表示現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)通常表示結(jié)果狀語時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、偶

18、然的、出乎意料的出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果一種結(jié)果-ing做狀語時(shí)和邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系做狀語時(shí)和邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,-ed做狀語時(shí)和邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系做狀語時(shí)和邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系七、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語七、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語能作表語的有不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。能作表語的有不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。1.Tom sounds very much _ (interest) in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage erested2.The purpose of new technologies is_ (make)life easier.t

19、o make一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢(mèng)目的、愿望、夢(mèng)想、需求想、需求”等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。動(dòng)名詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。3.Our work is_ (serve) the peopleserving4.We are_ (amaze) at the news that the singer suicided.amazed-ing和和-ed做表語的區(qū)別做表語的區(qū)別-ing表示令人表示令人.,-ed表示感到表示感

20、到,八八.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1) LiPings/ My _ (help) her moved her deeply.helping2.I appreciate your/you/LiPings/ LiPing _ (come) to see ing3) Is there any hope of our team_ (win) the match? 4) What made me angry was that many students_ (fail) in the exam.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞、名詞所有格或普通格加

21、動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。成。winningfailing1. When _(heat)，water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2._(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3.Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the

22、drug has no side effect. 4. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heatedheatingSeenSeeing takentaking1.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.smellingdiscussed2.They should understand the traffic rule by now. youve had it _ (expla

23、in)often enough. explained3.There are hundreds of visitors _ (wait) in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.waiting4.The disc, digitally _ (record) in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.recorded5.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes.forming6.The flowers _(smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the vis