1、ChapterChapter Five FivePractical Writings (2)Contents I. Review and homework checking II. Business letters III. Notices and notes IV. Summary V. AssignmentII. General Introduction to practical writings比較依據(jù)比較依據(jù) 應(yīng)用文書的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用文書的特點(diǎn) 文學(xué)作品的特點(diǎn)文學(xué)作品的特點(diǎn) 目的目的格式格式 取材取材 語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言 語(yǔ)言實(shí)際化語(yǔ)言實(shí)際化 有事而發(fā)有事而發(fā)抒情化抒情化 有感而發(fā)有感而發(fā)程式化程式化

2、 約定俗成約定俗成,法定使成法定使成自由化自由化 自由想象自由想象真實(shí)化真實(shí)化 生活真實(shí)生活真實(shí)虛擬化虛擬化 藝術(shù)真實(shí)藝術(shù)真實(shí)平實(shí)化平實(shí)化 簡(jiǎn)潔簡(jiǎn)潔 樸實(shí)樸實(shí) 準(zhǔn)確準(zhǔn)確 規(guī)范規(guī)范形象化形象化 生動(dòng)生動(dòng) 形象形象 含蓄含蓄朦朧朦朧The comparison between practical writings and literary works:I. Review and homework checkingI. Review and homework checking 孟母教子 孟子幼時(shí)家遷居墓地附近，耳濡目染的盡是些喪葬禮儀的事情，他和小朋友一起模仿著挖墓筑墳的祭奠。孟母感到長(zhǎng)此下去對(duì)兒子

3、的教育不利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又學(xué)商人做買賣，怎樣和人討價(jià)還價(jià)，孟母不愿自己的孩子長(zhǎng)大成個(gè)商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在學(xué)校附近，孟子就跟著學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)書禮儀，揖讓進(jìn)退，等等。孟母認(rèn)為找到了理想的地方，于是決定在這里長(zhǎng)住下去。由此可見，孟母深知環(huán)境對(duì)孩子成長(zhǎng)的影響。這就是“孟母三遷”故事的由來(lái)。How Mencius Mother Teaches Her Son1He and his playmates imitated burying and mourning proceedings. When Mencius was young, his family lived near

4、 cemetery, fully exposed to funeral ceremonies. Mencius thought the surroundings were not good for his education so she decided to move. They moved to a place next to a fair, and Mencius began to learn the ways of business people, bargaining and haggling. His mother didnt want her son to become a bu

5、sinessman so she moved again. This time they moved into the house near a school, and Mencius began to learn the Classics and etiquette along with the students. His mother thought this was the right place for him and decided to stay there for good. This shows that Mencius mother realized the importan

6、ce of environment for childrens growing up. These are the stories about how “Mencius mother moved three times” I. Review and homework checking 孟子逐漸成長(zhǎng)，一次未到放學(xué)時(shí)間就回家了，孟母把他叫到織布機(jī)旁，讓他看自己織布。織了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，孟母突然用刀子把布割斷，孟子不明白怎么回事，連忙問(wèn)母親究竟。這時(shí)孟母耐心地對(duì)他說(shuō)：“你學(xué)習(xí)半途而廢，就如同我把這本來(lái)可以織成完整的一批布割斷是一個(gè)道理?！蹦赣H的諄諄教導(dǎo)，深深地印在孟子的腦海中，從此他奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)，刻苦讀書

7、，終于成了戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，也是我國(guó)歷史上著名的思想家、教育家。 One day, Mencius came back before school let out. His mother called him to the loom and let him watch her weaving. After a long time, she suddenly cut the cloth she had woven with a knife, much to Mencius, bewilderment. When Mencius asked his mother explained, “If you qu

8、it school half way, it is like my cutting the cloth before it is completed.” Mothers words were firmly branded in the sons mind. From then on, he studied assiduously and became a great thinker and educator of the Warring Period and he has been remembered as such throughout Chinese history. I. Review

9、 and homework checking Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental pre

10、dominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. W

11、orry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.青春不是指生命的一段，而是指一種精神狀態(tài)；它并不是指紅潤(rùn)的青春不是指生命的一段，而是指一種精神狀態(tài)；它并不是指紅潤(rùn)的面頰，透紅的嘴唇和靈便的腿腳，而是指堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，豐富的想像面頰，透紅的嘴唇和靈便的腿腳，而是指堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，豐富的想像和強(qiáng)烈的感情。和強(qiáng)烈的感情。它是指生命的源頭活水的清新之感。它是指生命的源頭活水的清新之感。 青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙熱的戀情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 青春意味

12、著在氣質(zhì)上勇敢多于怯懦，冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)取多于舒適茍安， 這在60歲老年人中往往比在20歲的青年人中更為常見。 青春氣貫長(zhǎng)虹，勇銳蓋過(guò)怯懦，進(jìn)取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生有之，六旬男子則更多見。 人之變老不僅由于年歲的增長(zhǎng)，我們之變老常常是因?yàn)榉艞壛藢?duì)理想的追求。 歲月有加并非垂老，理想丟棄，方墮暮年。 年歲也許會(huì)使皮膚增添皺紋，可是一旦喪失熱忱，靈魂上的皺紋就會(huì)隨即出現(xiàn)。 歲月悠悠，衰微只及肌膚；熱忱拋卻，頹廢必至靈魂。 憂慮、恐懼和缺乏自信會(huì)使人心灰意冷，意志消沉。憂慮、恐懼和缺乏自信會(huì)使人心灰意冷，意志消沉。 憂煩，惶恐，喪失自信，定使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。憂煩，惶恐，喪失自信，定使心靈扭曲，意氣

13、如灰。I. Review and homework checking Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human beings heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of whats next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of bea

14、uty,hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young. When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism , there

15、is hope you may die young at 80. 無(wú)論是60歲，還是16歲，新奇事物對(duì)每個(gè)人都有吸引力；只要童心未泯，就會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)有好奇心和享受人生的樂(lè)趣。 無(wú)論年屆花甲，抑或二八芳齡，心中皆有生命之歡樂(lè)，好奇之沖無(wú)論年屆花甲，抑或二八芳齡，心中皆有生命之歡樂(lè)，好奇之沖動(dòng)，孩童般天真久盛不衰。動(dòng)，孩童般天真久盛不衰。 在你的心中和我的心中都有一座無(wú)線電臺(tái)：只要它總在接受人類和在你的心中和我的心中都有一座無(wú)線電臺(tái)：只要它總在接受人類和上帝發(fā)出的美、希望、鼓勵(lì)、勇氣和力量的信息，你就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)不老。上帝發(fā)出的美、希望、鼓勵(lì)、勇氣和力量的信息，你就會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)不老。 人人心中皆有一架天線，只要你

16、從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂(lè)、人人心中皆有一架天線，只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂(lè)、勇氣和力量的信號(hào)，你就青春永駐，風(fēng)華常存。勇氣和力量的信號(hào)，你就青春永駐，風(fēng)華常存。 假若你將天線收起，使你的心靈蒙上玩世不恭的霜雪和悲觀假若你將天線收起，使你的心靈蒙上玩世不恭的霜雪和悲觀厭世的冰層，那么即使你年方厭世的冰層，那么即使你年方20，你也老氣橫秋；然而只要，你也老氣橫秋；然而只要你將天線豎起，去接收樂(lè)觀主義的電波，那么你就有希望即你將天線豎起，去接收樂(lè)觀主義的電波，那么你就有希望即使活到使活到80歲死去，也仍然是年輕。歲死去，也仍然是年輕。 一旦天線落下，銳氣便被冰雪覆蓋，玩世不恭、自暴自

17、棄油然一旦天線落下，銳氣便被冰雪覆蓋，玩世不恭、自暴自棄油然而生，即使年方二十，實(shí)已垂垂老矣；然則只要豎起天線，撲而生，即使年方二十，實(shí)已垂垂老矣；然則只要豎起天線，撲捉樂(lè)觀信號(hào)，你就有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時(shí)仍覺(jué)年輕。捉樂(lè)觀信號(hào)，你就有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時(shí)仍覺(jué)年輕。II. Business lettersSample 1 May 10, 2003Your Excellency, The various subjects we discussed yesterday were all matters of very great importance. To avoid possible mis

18、understanding in our talk, I have composed a memorandum of the subjects we covered. I beg to send it herewith to Your Excellency and to ask you to examine it and to see if there are any mistakes therein. I hope you will favor me with a reply at your earliest convenience. I avail myself of this oppor

19、tunity to express to you my best wishes. (Signed, in full name) Charged Affaires ad. Interim of the Embassy of the U.S.A.外交大臣閣下：外交大臣閣下： 昨日與閣下所談各項(xiàng)事務(wù)都極為重要。為避免言語(yǔ)之間可能昨日與閣下所談各項(xiàng)事務(wù)都極為重要。為避免言語(yǔ)之間可能有誤會(huì)之處，茲將所商各事擬成備忘錄一份呈上。請(qǐng)閣下查有誤會(huì)之處，茲將所商各事擬成備忘錄一份呈上。請(qǐng)閣下查閱其間有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，并希早日答復(fù)為盼。閱其間有無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，并希早日答復(fù)為盼。 順致順致敬意敬意 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)大使館臨時(shí)代辦美利堅(jiān)

20、合眾國(guó)大使館臨時(shí)代辦 （簽署全名）（簽署全名） 2003年年5月月10日日 II. Business lettersSample 2Dear sir， We wish to draw your attention to the result of inspection made by CCIB Shanghai of the consignment of sulphur under Contract No.OXHJ73091 MC Shipped per s.s.“Sanming” and discharged at Shanghai: purity:99.81% which is 0.09%

21、 lower than 99.9% as stipulated in the contract; acidity:0.066% which is 0.056% higher than the contracted0.01%; hydrocarbon: 0.101% which is higher by 0.031% than 0.07% as stipulated in the contract. 先生：先生： OXHJ73091 MC 合同項(xiàng)目下的硫磺由合同項(xiàng)目下的硫磺由SANMING 輪運(yùn)卸上輪運(yùn)卸上海，希望貴方能對(duì)中國(guó)上海進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn)局檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果予以海，希望貴方能對(duì)中國(guó)上海進(jìn)出口商品檢

22、驗(yàn)局檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果予以重視。檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)該批貨物的重視。檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)該批貨物的純度：純度：99.81%，比合同規(guī)定的，比合同規(guī)定的99.9%低低0.09%；酸度：酸度：0.066%，比合同規(guī)定的，比合同規(guī)定的0.01%高高0.056%；碳水化合物：碳水化合物：0.101%，比合同規(guī)定的，比合同規(guī)定的0.07高高0.031%。II. Business lettersSample 2 On the strength of the Inspection Certificate No.221003 in one original and the Freight Account enclose herewith w

23、e file a claim against you for the following amounts: 1.goods value on FOB basis:US$ 2046.00 2.freight: 805.78 3.insurance premium: 9.15 4.inspection fee: 2720.60 total US$ 5581.53 If you do not challenge the claim after your verification please credit by remittance the said total amount in compensa

24、tion to our account at the Bank of China, Beijing.Yours faithfully (signature)隨函寄去商檢證書第隨函寄去商檢證書第221003號(hào)正本一份和運(yùn)費(fèi)帳單，現(xiàn)向貴方提號(hào)正本一份和運(yùn)費(fèi)帳單，現(xiàn)向貴方提出如下索賠：出如下索賠：1、FOB 貨值貨值 2046.00美元美元 2、運(yùn)費(fèi)、運(yùn)費(fèi) 805.78美元美元3、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) 9.15美元美元4、商檢費(fèi)、商檢費(fèi) 2720.60美元美元 總計(jì)：總計(jì)： 5581.53美元美元 若審核無(wú)誤，請(qǐng)將索賠款項(xiàng)匯付北京中國(guó)銀行我公司帳戶上。若審核無(wú)誤，請(qǐng)將索賠款項(xiàng)匯付北京中國(guó)銀行我公司帳戶上。

25、 您忠實(shí)的您忠實(shí)的 （簽名）（簽名） Although we have too many commitments at present to allow us to take on new orders, we are glad to make you the above special offer to show our good will in order to establish business relations with you. If you think our offer meets your requirements, please let us have your orde

26、r at an early date. Yours faithfully, (Signature) 目前，合同量雖然很大，難以再接受新定單，但我方仍高興目前，合同量雖然很大，難以再接受新定單，但我方仍高興 地特向貴方提出上述報(bào)盤，以示同貴方建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的良好地特向貴方提出上述報(bào)盤，以示同貴方建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的良好愿望。如貴方認(rèn)為我方的報(bào)盤適合要求，請(qǐng)及早訂購(gòu)為盼。愿望。如貴方認(rèn)為我方的報(bào)盤適合要求，請(qǐng)及早訂購(gòu)為盼。 順致順致 敬禮敬禮 ( 簽名）簽名）II. Business lettersII. Business letters Sample 3 Dear Sir: We thank you f

27、or your inquiry of April 2 and are pleased to offer as follows, subject to our final confirmation: Commodity: Torch Brand Mens Shirts Specifications: White, long sleeves, made of 80% Dacron Polyester and 20% Cotton Sizes: Large 20%, Medium 50% , Small 30% Packing: Each in a poly-bag ,half dozen to a

28、 carton and 10dozen to a wooden case Quantity: 1500 dozen Price:each dozen CIF Shipment: May/June 1981 Payment: By confirmed irrevocable L/C payable at sight 收到了貴方四月二日詢價(jià)信，謝謝。茲報(bào)盤如下，以收到了貴方四月二日詢價(jià)信，謝謝。茲報(bào)盤如下，以我方最后確認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)：我方最后確認(rèn)為準(zhǔn)：品名：火炬牌男襯衫規(guī)格：白色，長(zhǎng)袖，滌綸80%，棉20%尺碼：大號(hào)20%，中號(hào)50%，小號(hào)30%包裝：每件用塑料薄膜袋，每六件一紙盒，二十盒一木箱數(shù)量：15

29、00打價(jià)格：到岸價(jià)格，每打英鎊裝運(yùn)：一九八一年五月或六月付款：需保兌，不可撤銷的即期匯票信用證 Sample 4 Dear Sir : It is in November, 1996 that we signed our contract. As every businessman knows, in international trade price naturally fluctuates at different time. Under the present circumstances that goods are in short supply while many inquirie

30、s keep coming in, we can not accept your request for a reduction of price. We would appreciate it very much if you could immediately establish the covering L/C at the contracted price. Otherwise, we must cancel the contract. Yours sincerely, (Signature)II. Business letters親愛的先生們：親愛的先生們： 我們的合同是我們的合同是

31、1996年年11月份鑒訂的。眾所周知，月份鑒訂的。眾所周知，在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，時(shí)間不同，價(jià)格自然有變動(dòng)。在目在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中，時(shí)間不同，價(jià)格自然有變動(dòng)。在目前貨源緊張，詢盤較多的情況下，我們難以接受貴方前貨源緊張，詢盤較多的情況下，我們難以接受貴方的降價(jià)要求。盼望貴方立即按合同價(jià)開證。否則，的降價(jià)要求。盼望貴方立即按合同價(jià)開證。否則，我們不得不撤銷合同。我們不得不撤銷合同。 致禮致禮 （簽名）（簽名）綜合貿(mào)易公司綜合貿(mào)易公司淮海路淮海路398號(hào)號(hào)上海上海中國(guó)中國(guó)收件人：楊立國(guó)先生收件人：楊立國(guó)先生主題：通知漲價(jià)主題：通知漲價(jià)敬啟者，敬啟者，由于原材料價(jià)格的上漲，我們很遺憾必須上調(diào)商品的價(jià)格。由于原材料

32、價(jià)格的上漲，我們很遺憾必須上調(diào)商品的價(jià)格。我們盡量在穩(wěn)定商品的價(jià)格，但是現(xiàn)在價(jià)格的上調(diào)已經(jīng)是不可避免的了。我們盡量在穩(wěn)定商品的價(jià)格，但是現(xiàn)在價(jià)格的上調(diào)已經(jīng)是不可避免的了。這里附上了新的價(jià)目表供您參考，此價(jià)格表將在這里附上了新的價(jià)目表供您參考，此價(jià)格表將在10月月22日正式實(shí)施。從現(xiàn)在日正式實(shí)施。從現(xiàn)在到到10月月22日期間，訂購(gòu)任何商品都將享受到低價(jià)。日期間，訂購(gòu)任何商品都將享受到低價(jià)。我們希望您會(huì)理解此次價(jià)格上漲的必要性。我們希望您會(huì)理解此次價(jià)格上漲的必要性。您的真誠(chéng)的您的真誠(chéng)的林濤林濤林濤林濤對(duì)外建筑材料設(shè)備公司經(jīng)理對(duì)外建筑材料設(shè)備公司經(jīng)理2002年年10月月2日日II. Business

33、 letters Oct. 2, 2002Comprehensive Trading Company398 Huaihai RoadShanghaiP.R. ChinaAttention: Mr. Yang LiguoRE: Inform Raising PricesDear Sir,Due to the increase in raw material costs, we must unfortunately raise the cost of our merchandise to you. We have avoided raising our prices for as long as

34、possible, but we can no longer prolong the inevitable. We have enclosed our new price list for your review which goes into effect on 22nd of Oct. Any orders placed between now and 22nd of Oct. will be honored at the lower prices.We wish to know that you will understand the necessity for this price i

35、ncrease.Very truly yours,Lin TaoLin TaoManager of Overseas Building Materials and Equipment Corporation西安楊森制藥有限公司西安楊森制藥有限公司 樸天一樸天一 業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)總監(jiān)業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)總監(jiān) 北京辦事處北京辦事處地址地址: 中國(guó)北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)白廣路中國(guó)北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)白廣路44號(hào)號(hào) 海昌大廈海昌大廈5層層郵政編碼郵政編碼:100016 電話電話:64621155-532 傳真?zhèn)髡?64621375 II. Business lettersBusiness CardsXIAN-JANSSEN PHARMA CE

36、UTICAL LTD. Piao Tianyi Business Development Director Beijing OfficeAddress: 5thFloor,Ocean Building No.44 Baiguang Road, Chaoyang Dist.Beijing,ChinaZip Code: 100061 Tel: 64621155-532 Fax: 64621375 教授教授 副教授副教授 系主任系主任 校長(zhǎng)校長(zhǎng)董事長(zhǎng)董事長(zhǎng)總經(jīng)理總經(jīng)理經(jīng)理助理經(jīng)理助理總工程師總工程師高級(jí)工程師高級(jí)工程師秘書長(zhǎng)秘書長(zhǎng) 處長(zhǎng)處長(zhǎng)局長(zhǎng)局長(zhǎng)會(huì)計(jì)師會(huì)計(jì)師公務(wù)員公務(wù)員II. Business l

37、etters & Private lettersII. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business letters Business Cards Professor associate professor dean president director general manager assistant manager ； chief engineer senior engineer secretary-general; section chief; head of the bureau; accountant official

38、 單位名稱： CO.LTD 有限公司 Corp. (corporation) 集團(tuán) bureau 局 section 處， 科 institute 所 office 室 agency 社II. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business letters Business Cards Notice A meeting will be held at 2 oclock on Friday, July 7th in the conference room in

39、 the office building to discuss the financial program of the company. All the department heads are required to attend it on time and every one present must prepare a copy of suggestions for the program. Administrative Office June 30th, 2001 II. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business lett

40、ers & Private lettersIII. Notices and Notes Notices 通知 明天是植樹節(jié)，天氣暖和。學(xué)生停課去公園植樹。早晨七點(diǎn)整在學(xué)校門口集合，步行去。中午在那里吃飯，請(qǐng)帶好水和食物。 校長(zhǎng)辦公室 2002年3月11日 II. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business letters & Private lettersIII. Notices and NotesNotices Headmaster Office Notice Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day

41、It is warmThe students will have no classesWe shall plant trees in the park instead. We will meet at the school gate at 7:00 sharp in the morning and go there on footWe will have lunch therePlease bring some water and food with you Mar11，2002 病假條病假條 孫老師：孫老師： 我耳朵痛并且咳嗽得厲害，不能到校，我耳朵痛并且咳嗽得厲害，不能到校，特請(qǐng)病假一天。

42、特請(qǐng)病假一天。 附：醫(yī)生病假證明附：醫(yī)生病假證明 您的學(xué)生：李海您的學(xué)生：李海 4月月15日日II. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business letters & Private lettersII. Business letters & Private lettersNotes Asking for Sick leave April 15 Dear Mr. Sun， I have got an earache and coughed badly so I cant go to schoolIm writing to ask for a sick leave of one day. Encl: Doctors Certificate for Sick Leave Your student， Li Hai 事假條事假條系辦陳秘書，系辦陳秘書，因奶奶病危，我打算回家探望，欲請(qǐng)假三因奶奶病危，我打算回家探望，欲請(qǐng)假三天，從天，從7日到日到9日。請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)假。日。請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)假。 此