1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上From the world of radio in the world to a single chip Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21s

2、t century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems.First, radio ha

3、s created generations of excellence in the worldFifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and ot

4、her telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communic

5、ations began e-world journey.Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio rad

6、io; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, P

7、rofessor of the year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence

8、.Second, from the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technology The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device m

9、iniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete elect

10、ronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system de

11、sign, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems. Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough. A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registe

12、rs, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to

13、 mechanical engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object. Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology a

14、s the field of electronic technology a part of. 70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electr

15、onic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio

16、technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other than the shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio

17、 fun times and comprehensive engineering training.Third, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times 80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most imp

18、ortant sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electro

19、nic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, e

20、tc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environ

21、ment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control sy

22、stem. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing. In order to solve the contradiction

23、 between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic system embedded computer application requirements, a micro-computer's basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcompu

24、ter). After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches. Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly. Although the early general-purpose comp

25、uter converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, f

26、or example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction. A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the current single

27、 chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.4, single chip to create the modern era of electronic systems A microcontroller and embedded systems Embedded computer systems from embedded applications,

28、 embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in

29、 the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded

30、 system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control

31、functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit). 2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstream MCU is a device-level computer s

32、ystems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery, such as watches, hearing aids. Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a m

33、odern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set

34、the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved. At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may

35、occur before. 3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interacti

36、on, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controll

37、er, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters. Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development. This makes the original classic

38、world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay.5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today'

39、s SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite. A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, elect

40、ronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the application gives it "life." For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time dis

41、play running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions. Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware

42、 resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors. 2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in

43、the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of int

44、elligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads. 3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world Charming single chip to enable you to experience th

45、e true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with

46、macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model. High levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-level langua

47、ge with assembly language or design application. Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital wo

48、rld. Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your life.從無(wú)線(xiàn)電世界到單片機(jī)世界現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)革命，將世界經(jīng)濟(jì)從資本經(jīng)濟(jì)帶入到知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代。在電子世界領(lǐng)域，從20世紀(jì)中的無(wú)線(xiàn)電時(shí)代也進(jìn)入到21世紀(jì)以計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為中心的智能化現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)時(shí)代?，F(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的基本核心是嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)嵌入式系統(tǒng))，而單片機(jī)是最典型、最廣泛、最普及的嵌入式系統(tǒng)。 一、無(wú)線(xiàn)電世界造就了幾代英才 在20世紀(jì)五六十年代，最具代表的先進(jìn)的電子技術(shù)就是無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)，包括無(wú)線(xiàn)電廣播、收音、無(wú)線(xiàn)通信(電報(bào))、業(yè)余無(wú)線(xiàn)電臺(tái)、無(wú)

49、線(xiàn)電定位、導(dǎo)航等遙測(cè)、遙控、遙信技術(shù)。早期就是這些電子技術(shù)帶領(lǐng)著許多青少年步入了奇妙的電子世界，無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)展示了當(dāng)時(shí)科技生活美妙的前景。電子科學(xué)開(kāi)始形成了一門(mén)新興學(xué)科。無(wú)線(xiàn)電電子學(xué)、無(wú)線(xiàn)通信開(kāi)始了電子世界的歷程。 無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)不僅成為了當(dāng)時(shí)先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的代表，而且從普及到專(zhuān)業(yè)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，吸引了廣大青少年，并使他們從中找到了無(wú)窮的樂(lè)趣。從床頭的礦石收音機(jī)到超外差收音機(jī)；從無(wú)線(xiàn)電發(fā)報(bào)到業(yè)余無(wú)線(xiàn)電臺(tái)；從電話(huà)、電鈴到無(wú)線(xiàn)電操縱模型。無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)成為當(dāng)時(shí)青少年科普、科技教育最普及、最廣泛的內(nèi)容。至今，許多老一輩的工程師、專(zhuān)家、教授當(dāng)年都是無(wú)線(xiàn)電愛(ài)好者。無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)的無(wú)窮樂(lè)趣、無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)的全面訓(xùn)練，從電子學(xué)基本

50、原理、基礎(chǔ)到無(wú)線(xiàn)電遙控、遙測(cè)、遙信電子系統(tǒng)制作，培養(yǎng)出了幾代科技英才。 二、從無(wú)線(xiàn)電時(shí)代到電子技術(shù)普及時(shí)代 早期的無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)推動(dòng)了電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，其中最主要的是真空管電子技術(shù)向半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展。半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)使實(shí)現(xiàn)了微小型化和低成本，使無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)有了更大普及和創(chuàng)新，并大大地開(kāi)闊了許多非無(wú)線(xiàn)電的控制領(lǐng)域。 半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致集成電路器件的產(chǎn)生，形成了近代電子技術(shù)的飛躍，電子技術(shù)從分立器件時(shí)代走進(jìn)了電路集成時(shí)代。工程師不再用分立的電子元器件設(shè)計(jì)電路單元，而直接選擇集成化的電路單元器件構(gòu)成系統(tǒng)。他們從電路單元設(shè)計(jì)中解放出來(lái)，致力于系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，大大地解放了科技生產(chǎn)力，促進(jìn)了電子系統(tǒng)更大范圍的普及。

51、半導(dǎo)體集成電路首先在基本數(shù)字邏輯電路上取得突破。大量數(shù)字邏輯電路，如門(mén)電路、計(jì)數(shù)器、定時(shí)器、移位寄存器以及模擬開(kāi)關(guān)、比較器等，為電子數(shù)字控制提供了極佳的條件，使傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械控制轉(zhuǎn)向電子控制。功率電子器件以及傳感技術(shù)的發(fā)展使原先以無(wú)線(xiàn)電為中心的電子技術(shù)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向工程領(lǐng)域中的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字控制，檢測(cè)領(lǐng)域中的信息采集，運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械對(duì)象的電氣伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)控制。 半導(dǎo)體及其集成電路技術(shù)將我們帶入了一個(gè)電子技術(shù)普及時(shí)代，無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)成為電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)部分。 進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)70年代，大規(guī)模集成電路出現(xiàn)，促進(jìn)了常規(guī)的電子電路單元的專(zhuān)用電子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展。許多專(zhuān)用電子系統(tǒng)單元變成了集成化器件，如收音機(jī)、電子鐘、計(jì)算器等，在這

52、些領(lǐng)域的從電路、系統(tǒng)的精心設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)試轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠骷x擇、外圍器件適配工作。電子技術(shù)發(fā)展了，電子產(chǎn)品豐富了，電子工程師的難度減少了，但與此同時(shí)，無(wú)線(xiàn)電技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)的魅力卻削弱了。半導(dǎo)體集成電路的發(fā)展使經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng)日趨完善，留在大規(guī)模集成電路以外的電子技術(shù)日益減少，電子技術(shù)沒(méi)有了往昔無(wú)線(xiàn)電時(shí)代的無(wú)窮樂(lè)趣和全面的工程訓(xùn)練。 三、從經(jīng)典電子技術(shù)時(shí)代到現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)時(shí)代 進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代，世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中最重要的變革是計(jì)算機(jī)的產(chǎn)業(yè)革命。而計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的最重要標(biāo)志則是計(jì)算機(jī)嵌入式應(yīng)用的誕生。近代電子計(jì)算機(jī)是應(yīng)數(shù)值計(jì)算要求誕生的。在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，電子計(jì)算機(jī)都是以發(fā)展海量數(shù)值計(jì)算為己任。但是電子計(jì)算機(jī)表現(xiàn)出的邏輯

53、運(yùn)算、處理、控制能力，吸引了電子控制領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家，他們要求發(fā)展能滿(mǎn)足控制對(duì)象要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌入式應(yīng)用的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。如果將滿(mǎn)足海量數(shù)據(jù)處理的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，那么則可把嵌入到對(duì)象體系(如艦船、飛機(jī)、機(jī)車(chē)等)中的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)稱(chēng)作嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)。顯而易見(jiàn)，兩者的技術(shù)發(fā)展方向是不同的。前者要求海量數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)、吞吐、高速數(shù)據(jù)處理分析及傳輸；而后者要求在對(duì)象環(huán)境中可靠運(yùn)行，對(duì)外部物理參數(shù)的高速采集、邏輯分析處理和對(duì)外部對(duì)象的快速控制等。早期人們將通用計(jì)算機(jī)加上數(shù)據(jù)采集單元、輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)電路勉為其難地構(gòu)成一個(gè)熱處理爐的溫控系統(tǒng)。這樣的通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)不可能為大多數(shù)電子系統(tǒng)采用，而且要使通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)滿(mǎn)足嵌入式應(yīng)用

54、要求，必然影響高速數(shù)值處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展。為了解決計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展的矛盾，在20世紀(jì)70年代，半導(dǎo)體專(zhuān)家另辟蹊徑，完全按照電子系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)嵌入式應(yīng)用要求，將一個(gè)微型計(jì)算機(jī)的基本系統(tǒng)集成在一個(gè)芯片上，形成了早期的單片機(jī)(Single Chip Microcomputer)。單片機(jī)問(wèn)世后，在計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域中開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)和嵌入式系統(tǒng)的兩大分支。此后，無(wú)論是嵌入式系統(tǒng)，還是通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)都得到了飛速的發(fā)展。 早期雖然有通用計(jì)算機(jī)改裝而成的嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，而真正意義上的嵌入式系統(tǒng)始于單片機(jī)的出現(xiàn)。因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)是專(zhuān)門(mén)為嵌入式應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)的，單片機(jī)只能實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌入式應(yīng)用。單片機(jī)能最好地滿(mǎn)足嵌入式應(yīng)用的環(huán)境要求，例如，芯片級(jí)的物理空間、大規(guī)模集成電路的低價(jià)位、良好的外圍接口總線(xiàn)和突出控制功能的指令系統(tǒng)。 單片機(jī)有計(jì)算機(jī)系