1、動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 12 ME Engines第12課 ME柴油機動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The introduction of the electronically controlled camshaft-less low speed diese

2、l engines, which is now gaining momentum, is a milestone in diesel technology that deserves a place in history like Rudolf Diesels first engine in Augsburg, the 1912 motor vessel Selandia, the introduction of turbocharging on two-stroke diesels in 1954, and the first SCR (Selective Catalytic Nox Red

3、uction) systems on ships in 1989. 正在得到發(fā)展的電控無凸輪軸低速柴油機的應用，是值得載入史冊的柴油機技術史上的里程碑，如同魯?shù)婪虻胰麪栐趭W斯伯格的第一臺發(fā)動機，1912年第一艘柴油機動力輪船塞拉迪亞號，1954年透平增壓首次應用在二沖程柴油機上，1989年選擇催化還原氮氧化物減排系統(tǒng)在船上首次應用。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Camshaft-controlled diesel engines have been the state of the art ever since the birth of reci

4、procating machinery and have been refined and developed ever since. 凸輪軸控制式柴油機是自從往復式機器誕生以來就采用的工藝形式，并不斷地得到優(yōu)化和發(fā)展。 However, a mechanical cam is fixed once made and, in spite of various mechanical and hydraulic add-on devices like VIT. 然而機械凸輪一旦安裝就固定在那兒，盡管有各種機械和液壓的外加裝置，如可變噴油定時(VIT)機構等，定時控制的可調性仍然是受機械凸輪限制的。

5、 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department etc., timing control possibilities are limited with mechanical cams. Not least fuel injection pressure control and variation over the load range have limitations with a camcontrolled engine. 凸輪控制式柴油機受燃油噴射壓力的控制及其在一定負荷范圍內變化的限制。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Departm

6、ent Therefore, the main purpose of changing to electronic control is to ensure fuel injection timing and rate, as well as the exhaust valve timing and operation, exactly when and as desired. 因此，(由機械式)改為電控的主要目的是保證噴油正時、噴油率以及排氣閥正時和運行都能按需準時。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Especially with respect

7、 to the fuel injection rate, the control system has been so designed that it is possible to maintain a rather high injection pressure also at low load, without the limitation from the camshaft-controlled engine, where this would result in too high pressure at high load. 特別是關于噴油率，(無凸輪軸)控制系統(tǒng)的設計使得即使在低負

8、荷時也可能保持相當高的噴射壓力，而不受到凸輪軸控制柴油機的類似限制，因為凸輪軸控制柴油機會導致高負荷時噴油壓力過高。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Both cam angle, inclination and length are electronically variable. “凸輪角度、曲率和作用長度”都是電子可調的。 In addition, the ME engine features electronic control of the cylinder lube oil feed, by having our proprietary

9、Alpha Lubricators integrated in the system. 此外，通過系統(tǒng)內安裝獨有的Alpha注油器，ME型機器還具有電控氣缸油供油的特點。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department With the Alpha Lubrication system, about 0.3 g/bhph cyl. Oil can be saved, compared with engines with mechanical lubricators. 注油系統(tǒng)與機械注油器相比，大約可以節(jié)約氣缸油0.3克/每制動馬力小時每缸。動力工程系動力工程系Po

10、wer Engineering Department The electronic control of the engine fuel injection and exhaust valves improves low-load operation, engine acceleration, and gives better engine balance and load control, leading to longer times between overhauls, also by implementation of enhanced diagnostic systems. 柴油機噴

11、油和排氣閥采用電控改善了低負荷運轉特性，改善了加速性能，使得(各缸)負荷更均衡，(整體)負荷更容易控制，同時也由于采用了更好的診斷系統(tǒng)，使得大修周期得到延長。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department It will give lower fuel consumption, lower cylinder oil consumption and, not least, better emission characteristics, particularly with regard to visible smoke and NOx. 這將使得燃油和氣缸油消耗降

12、低，如果不能取得最小排放，也會取得較好的排放性能，特別是在可見煙和氮氧化物排放方面。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department For the ME engines, the electronic control system has been made complete. ME系列柴油機的電控系統(tǒng)已經變得更加完善了。 Hence, the ME engine features fully integrated control of all functions like the governor, start and reversing, fuel, exh

13、aust and starting valves, as well as cylinder oil feeding. 因此，ME系列柴油機的特點是調速、起動、換向、供油、起動閥控制，以及氣缸油注油控制等所有功能集為一體。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentElements of the ME-C engine ME-C型柴油機的部件 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The mechanical difference between an MC-C engine and its electronically

14、controlled counterpart, the ME-C engine, constitutes a number of mechanical parts made redundant and replaced by hydraulic and mechatronic parts with enhanced functions, as summarised below: MC-C型柴油機與其相應的電控型ME-C型柴油機之間機械方面的差異包括冗余部件和由液壓機電部件替代后功能更強的部件，概括如下 :動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The fo

15、llowing parts are omitted: 取消了以下部件： Chain drive 鏈驅動裝置 Chain wheel frame 鏈輪架 Chain box on frame box 機體上的傳動鏈輪箱 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Camshaft with, cams 凸輪軸及凸輪 Roller guides for fuel pumps and exhaust valves 燃油泵和排氣閥用的滾輪導板 Fuel injection pumps 燃油噴射泵 Exhaust valve actuators 排氣閥驅動器/執(zhí)行器 動

16、力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Starting air distributor 起動空氣分配器 Governor 調速器 Regulating shaft (油門)調節(jié)軸 Mechanical cylinder lubricator (氣缸油)機械注油器 Local control stand 機旁控制臺動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The above-mentioned parts are replaced by: 上述部件替換為： Hydraulic Power Supply (HPS) 液壓動力

17、單元 Hydraulic Cylinder Units (HCU) 液壓缸單元動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Engine Control System (ECS), controlling the following: 柴油機控制系統(tǒng)，控制著以下部件： Electronically Profited Injection (EPIC)電控噴射 Exhaust valve actuation排氣閥驅動 Fuel oil pressure boosters 燃油壓力提升器動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department St

18、art and reversing sequences起動和換向時序 Governor function調速功能 Starling air valves起動空氣閥 Auxiliary blowers輔助風機動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Crankshaft position sensing system 曲軸位置檢測系統(tǒng) Electronically controlled Alpha Lubricator 電控阿爾法注油器 Local Operating Panel (LOP) 機旁控制面板 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering

19、 Department The necessary power for fuel injection and exhaust valve operation-previously provided via the chain drive-is now provided from a Hydraulic Power Supply (HPS) unit located at the front of the engine at bedplate level. 以前由鏈條驅動的燃油噴射和排氣閥工作所必需的動力現(xiàn)在由液壓動力單元提供，液壓動力單元位于機器前面機座高矮的地方。動力工程系動力工程系Powe

20、r Engineering Department The main components of the Hydraulic Power Supply unit are the following: 液壓動力單元的主要元件包括: Self cleaning filter with 10-micfon filter mesh 10 m濾網的自清濾器 Redundancy filter with 25-micron filter mesh 25 m濾網的備用濾器動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Start up pumps: 起動泵： High-press

21、ure pumps with supply pressure of 175 bar 提供175 bar壓力的高壓泵 Low-pressure pumps for filling the exhaust valve push rod with supply pressure of 4 bar 為排氣閥頂桿提供4 bar壓力油的低壓泵 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Engine driven axial piston pumps supplying high pressure oil to the Hydraulic Cylinder Unit wi

22、th oil pressures up to 250 bar 機帶柱塞泵，為液壓缸單元提供250 bar公斤壓力油 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Before engine start, the hydraulic oil pressure used in the mechanical/hydraulic system (for controlling the actuators) is generated by electrically driven start-up pumps. 柴油機起動前，控制執(zhí)行機構的機械液壓系統(tǒng)的液壓油由電動起動泵供

23、給。 After start, the engine driven pump will take over the supply. 起動之后，改由機帶泵供給。動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department The engine driven pumps are gear or chain driven, depending on engine size. 發(fā)動機的尺寸決定機帶泵由齒輪或是鏈條驅動。 If so preferred, all pumps can also be electrically driven. 如果愿意，所有的泵都可以是電動的。 動力工程系動

24、力工程系Power Engineering Department The hydraulic pumps are axial piston pumps with flow controlled by the integrated control system. 液壓泵是軸向柱塞泵，流量由內置的控制系統(tǒng)控制。 There are three engine driven pumps, but actually only two are needed for operation. (系統(tǒng)中)有三臺機帶泵，而實際運行中只需要兩臺。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Departm

25、ent Second-order moment compensators, where needed, can be integrated into the pump drive. 如果需要，二級參量補償器可以整合到泵的驅動中。 Alternatively, electrically driven compensators can be used. 或者使用電力驅動的補償器。 If so preferred, the entire hydraulic oil system can be made as a separate, independent system. 如果這么做，整個液壓系統(tǒng)可以

26、單獨做成獨立的系統(tǒng)。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Fig. 12-1 shows the entire hydraulic oil loop with the hydraulic power supply system 。 圖12-1給出了整個液壓動力系統(tǒng)的液壓油回路。 As can be seen, the generated servo oil is fed via double-walled piping to the Hydraulic Cylinder Units (HCU) of which there is one per cylinder, mounted on a common base plate on the top gallery level on the engine. 如圖所示，所產生的壓力伺服油經雙壁管通向液壓缸單元，每個氣缸有一個液壓缸，安裝在機器走廊層頂部的共用底板上。 動力工程系動力工程系Power Engineering Department Each HCU has two important electronic control valves, i.e. t