1、Vocabulary二十四節(jié)氣the 24 seasonal division points民族 ethnic group重陽節(jié)Double Ninth Festival臘八粥l(xiāng)aba porridge春聯(lián) New years scrolls廟會 Temple Fairs猜燈謎guessing lantern riddles端午節(jié)Dragon Boat Festival七夕節(jié)the Double Seven Festival元宵節(jié)Lantern Festival踩高蹺stilts掃墓 sweep tombs香囊 perfume pouch登高 ascending a height冬至 Wint

2、er SolsticeThe formal expressions of Chinese traditional festivals:春節(jié)the Sprlng Festival（ NewYearls Day of the Chinese lunar calendar ） 農(nóng)歷正月初一元宵節(jié)（燈節(jié) ) the Lantern Festival農(nóng)歷正月十五清明節(jié)the Qing Ming Festival四月五日前后端午節(jié)the Dragon-Boat Festiva農(nóng)歷五月初五中秋節(jié)the MidAutumn Festival（ the Moon Festival ） 農(nóng)歷八月十五七夕節(jié)the

3、Double-Seventh Day 農(nóng)歷七月初七重陽節(jié)the Double Ninth Festival農(nóng)歷九月初九The expressions of customs:春游spring outing蕩秋千playing on a swing過年celebrate the spring festival春聯(lián)spring festival couplets剪紙paper-cuts年畫new year paintings買年貨do shopping for the spring festival ; do spring festival shopping敬酒propose a toast 燈籠l

4、antern煙花fireworks爆竹firecrackers (people scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)紅包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the comingyear.)舞獅lion dance (the lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龍dragon dance (to expect good w

5、eather and good harvests)戲曲traditional opera雜耍variety show燈謎riddles written on lanterns燈會exhibit of lanterns守歲staying-up拜年pay new year's call; give new year's greetings; pay new year's visit禁忌taboo去晦氣get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one's ancestors壓歲錢gift money; mone

6、y given to children as a lunar new year gift辭舊歲bid farewell to the old year掃房spring cleaning; general house-cleaning年糕nian-gao; rise cake; new year cake團圓飯family reunion dinner年夜飯the dinner on new year's eve餃子jiao-zi; chinese meat ravioliTranslation1. 中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日擁有豐富的文化意義和悠久的歷史，組成了中華文化重要輝煌的一部分。 節(jié)日的形

7、成是一個國家歷史文化積累起來的漫長過程。一些歷史人物被賦予永恒的紀念滲入節(jié)日，所有這些，都融合凝聚節(jié)日的內(nèi)容里， 使中國的節(jié)日有了深沉的歷史感。 中國土地廣袤有許多民族， 不同民族在不同的地方有不同的節(jié)日。 甚至在同一個節(jié)日，他們也遵習不同的風俗。 在這里我們介紹一些重要普遍的節(jié)日。事實上，這些傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日吸收了不同地域許多民族的營養(yǎng)，是整個中國的珍貴文化遺產(chǎn)。Boasting rich cultural meaning and a long history, traditional Chinesefestivals compose an important and brilliant part

8、of Chinese culture. The formation of traditional festivals is a long process of historical and cultural accumulation in a nation. Sometimes historical figures become the focus of a festival, showing people's commemoration for them and endowing some historical sense to it. As China is a vast land

9、 and has many ethnic groups, different ethnic groups have different festivals in different places. Even on the same festival, they follow different customs. Here we introduce some important and commonly celebrated festivals. In fact, these traditional festivals have absorbed nourishment from differe

10、nt regions and various ethnic cultures and are a precious cultural heritage for the whole Chinese nation.2. 傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日是一個民族發(fā)展的歷史產(chǎn)物。大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日都源自于人們在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)生活中對豐收的期盼、 對天地神靈和自然的崇拜、 以及對歷史人物的祭奠等等。中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日深深植根于農(nóng)耕文化之中，在演變過程中深受儒家思想的影響。 透過傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日可以反映一個民族的文化特色和民族精神。 從某種程度而言， 中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日已經(jīng)漸漸擺脫原始禁忌和崇拜，演化成為體現(xiàn)儒家和諧思想的歡慶祥和的節(jié)日。傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日定型于漢代

11、，在盛唐時被發(fā)揚光大 ,成為具有豐富內(nèi)容和多樣形式的弘揚中華民族優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和傳承中華傳統(tǒng)美德的重要載體。歷代的文人雅士、詩人墨客，為一個個節(jié)日譜寫了許多千古名篇，使中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日包含著深厚的文化底蘊。Traditional festivals are the historical products of a nations development.Most traditional festivals originated from people s expectation for hain the agricultural production, the worship towards th

12、e gods and thenature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc. Chinese traditionalfestivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilizationand greatlyinfluenced by Confucianism in the term of evolution.Through traditional festivals, the distinct cultural characteristics of a people and th

13、e national spirits can be observed. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from the primitive taboos and tended to be happy festivals which reflect the concept of harmony in Confucianism.Traditionl festivals are shaped in Han dynasty and booming in Tang dynasty,and it was at tha

14、t time that traditional festivals became a important carrier of the great traditional Chinese culture and the noble traditional virtues with various forms and rich contents.Litterateurs and poets in centuries have wrriten massive amount of masterpieces for these festivals,letting traditional festiva

15、ls full of deep inside cultural information.3. 中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日作為一種行為層面的傳統(tǒng)文化，根植于中國古代農(nóng)耕文化，在長期的流傳過程中形成了自身獨特的文化內(nèi)涵， 體現(xiàn)了強大的文化凝聚力與生命力，有時甚至于文化精神，民族精神相聯(lián)系，在社會發(fā)展過程中具有非常重要的作用。Chinese traditional festivals which belong to a traditional customary culture rooted in the farming culture in ancient China.All the festivals con

16、tain their unique cultural connotations ,reflect the strong cohesion and vitality of the culture in the long historical development.They are sometimes even related to the cultural spirit and national spirit,and should play important roles in the development of society.4農(nóng)歷九月九日， 為傳統(tǒng)的重陽節(jié)。 因為古老的 易經(jīng)中把 “六

17、 ”定為陰數(shù)， 為陰性，把“九 ”定為陽數(shù)，為陽性。九月九日，日月并陽，兩九相重，故而叫重陽，也叫重九。也因為“九 ”與 “久 ”諧音，古人認為是個值得慶賀的吉利日子 .在古代，民間在重陽節(jié)有登高祛病的風俗，故重陽節(jié)又叫 “登高節(jié) ”。登高所到之處，一般是登高山、登高塔。唐代文人寫了許多重陽節(jié)的習俗；因此古人從很早就開始過此節(jié)日。The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. In an ancient book Yi Jing (or The

18、 Book of Changes), number "6" was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive. So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival. Also, as doubl

19、e ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify "forever", the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Heigh

20、t Ascending Festival". The height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower. Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity ， consequently ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.單詞：菊花： chrysanthemum長壽： longevity茱萸： dogwood登高： ascend a heigh

21、t菊花酒： Chrysanthemum Wine重陽糕： Double Ninth Cake清 明 節(jié)（ Tomb-Sweeping Day ） Qing Ming Jie （ All Souls' Day ）Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. More important, it is a periodto honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. Because itrein

22、forces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, onthe 106th day after the wintersolstice . It is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the

23、 wholefamily to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinese being practicalpeople this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and afterQing Ming day. Among somedialect groups a whole month is allocated.清明節(jié)是一個紀念祖先的節(jié)日。主要的紀念儀式是掃墓， 掃墓是慎終追遠、 郭親睦

24、鄰及行孝的具體表現(xiàn)；基于上述意義，清明節(jié)因此成為華人的重要節(jié)日。清明節(jié)是在仲春和暮春之交，也就是冬至后的106 天。掃墓活動通常是在清明節(jié)的前十天或后十天。有些地域的人士的掃墓活動長達一個月。Solstice 至，至點forebear 祖先dialect 方言 legend 傳奇consternation 驚愕commemorate 慶祝，紀念5. The Spring Festival 春節(jié)The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the very first day of the Chinese Lunar year . The celebration of

25、 the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of thefirst lunar month and ends on the Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. T he Spring Festival to the Chinese is what Christmas to the Westerners (中國人過春節(jié)相當于西方人過圣誕節(jié)).The Spring Festival Eve除夕

26、The Spring Festival Eve , or the Chinese New Year s Eve, isDaniancalltheSanshi（大年三十） in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loudfirecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry back home fo

27、r their family reunion on the eve.The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜飯The Spring Festival Eve Dinner is known as the Dinner of Reunion. On the Eve, children awayfrom home will all come back to enjoy a tableful of delicacies together with their parents. Peoplein the north prefer jiaozi , the southerner

28、s like tangyuan, sweet round dumplings to indicate family reunion , and niangao, which means going“ higher and higher in the coming year ”.Spring Festival Couples 貼春聯(lián)It has been a tradition for the Chinese to paste Spring Festival couples on the doors during the Festival . Words of auspiciousness ar

29、e written in the couples, which are called duilian 對聯(lián) , or the Pair Couplets, b ecause the words on both couplets should be equal in number, parallel in form,and attuned in meaning . Sometimes people also paste a hengpi 橫批 , a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, above the couples.Gift Money壓歲錢

30、On the festive occasion, young children will pay New Year calls on and express their best wishesto their elders who, in return, will offer them yasuiqian壓歲錢 , money given to children as aSpring Festival gift.The money is usually wrapped up in red papera symbol of good fortune.Setting off firecracker

31、s 放鞭炮Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to set off firecracker , which is meant to add joy to the festivity . People wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming year.Paying New Year Calls 拜年The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and sa

32、y good wishes to one another among relatives, friends and neighbours.Vising Temple Fairs 趕廟會During the Festival, people visit temple fairs, where an assortment of entertaining performances takes place, including Yandko 秧歌 (a rirual folk dance popular in north China), acrobatics（雜技） and folk art show

33、s. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易） are also the integral parts of the fair.The Lantern Festival 元宵節(jié)The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival,which coincides with the firstfull-moon night of the year( 這一天正好是新年的第一個月圓之夜). The major activities of theday inc

34、lude watching painted lanterns , solving riddles , setting off fireworks , and eating yuanxiao 元宵 (sweet dumplings) made of glutinous ?glu:tin? s(粘的，膠裝的 ) rice flour （糯米面，糯米粉） .Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵Eating yuanxiao 元宵 on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes family reunion and happiness . Yuanxiao

35、 are made with glutinous rice flour dough, stuffed with a variety of food such as red beanpaste, sesame, mixed nutlets with sugar. Minced meat is another favored flavor ( 元宵用糯米粉包餡制成， 餡兒有豆沙、芝麻、 各類果仁加白糖，還有肉糜餡等 ). In southern China, people also eat tangyuan 湯圓 (like yuanxiao 元宵 ).Watching Painted Lante

36、rns 賞花燈On the night of the Lantern Festival, lines of painted lanterns are hung around the courtyard and along both sides of the street. The colorful lights against the full moon create quite a visual feast for people to enjoy (人們觀燈賞月，其樂融融 ).Solving Lantern Riddles 猜燈謎Solving riddles written or prin

37、ted on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.The Dragon Boat Festival 端午節(jié)The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese Lunar Calendar . The story goes that the day is kept in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan 屈原 who died more tha

38、n 2000 years ago. It salso a day to pray for agricultural harvests as well as to drivepestilences ?pestil?ns away (同時也是人們祈求農(nóng)業(yè)豐收，驅(qū)除瘟疫的節(jié)日).Qu Yuan (339BC? 278BC?) 屈原Qu Yuan 屈原 , a patriotic poetof the Chu State楚國 in ancient China, is greatly respected bypeople of all times, for both his fine poetry an

39、d noble character . It was on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year 278 BC after the falling of the Chu State （楚國） that Qu Yuan （屈原） gave his life to his beloved motherland by drowning himself in the river (因楚國國都失陷，屈原悲憤地投江而死 ).Dragon Boat Racing 賽龍舟The dragon boat is made of wood, with

40、mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. Dragon boat racing originally showed people s wish to rescue Qu Yuan（屈原）from drowning, and gradually became a popular competitive mass sport (賽龍舟最初是表達屈原投江后，人們尋救他的迫切心情，后來逐漸成為端午節(jié)流行的一項民間體育競技活動).Eating Zongzi 吃粽子Legend has it that in order to keep

41、the fish away from eating Qu Yuan s body, people would throw rice wrapped in bamboo or reed ri:d （蘆葦） leaves into the water to feed the fish. That show the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子 (rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. A zongzi （粽子） is usually made in the s

42、hape of a triangular or square lump ( 粽子外形為三角形或四角形 ), wrapped in large bamboo leaves. The ingredients are mostly glutinous rice, beans, Chinese dates, or pork .Hanging Moxa掛艾蒿Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festivalin order toexpel?k'sp?l（驅(qū)逐）evil spirits a

43、nd to relieve people s internal heator fever (驅(qū)邪解毒 ). Thesweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and purify the airaround thehouse.The Moon Festival 中秋節(jié)The Moon Festival or the Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of the ChineseLunar year . It is a

44、lso called the Festival of Family Reunion團圓節(jié) , as the full moon around thattime very well symbolizes harvests and reunion . It is a time for family members to get together and savour'seiv ? 盡情享受 moon cakes as they admire the full moon .The Moon Cake月餅The Cake of Reunion 團圓餅 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty ,moon cakes are both the must-eat food and major gift items around the Moon Festival ( 月餅是中秋節(jié)人