1、中考初中英語講義一般過去時復習學案（1）專題講解1、定義：一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀連用；也可表示過去習慣性或經常性的動作和行為。2、時間狀語：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning,justnow,amomentago,twodaysago,lastnight/year/week,before11:00,inthepastatthattime等3、使用情況：（1）表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Igotupat7:00yesterday.我昨天7點起床。（2）表示過去經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作

2、。Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年他總是乘公交車去上班。4.一般現在時的結構及句型變化結構：一般現在時的結構主要有三種形式:（1）、結構一（謂語動詞為be動詞時）肯定何：主語+be（was,were）+其它.否定句：主語+be+not+其它.一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它？e.g.Iwaslateyesterday.Iwasnotlateyesterday.WereyoulateyesterdayYes,Iwas.No,Iwasn't.aam和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣aso(注：am,isfwas,are一weree.g.TheywereinBeiji

3、nglastyear.Theyweren'tinBeijinglastyearWeretheyinBeijinglastyear?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren't(wasnot=wasn't)are在般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren't)（2）、結構二（謂語動詞為情態(tài)動詞時）（注意：情態(tài)動詞can,may,haveto等等。）肯定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞過去式+動詞原形+其它.否定句：主語+情態(tài)動詞過去式+not+動詞原形+其它.一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞過去式+主語+動詞原形+其它？E.g.Theoldmancouldswim30

4、yearsago.Theoldmancouldn'tswim30yearsago.Couldtheoldmanswim30yearsago?Yes,hecould.No,hecouldn't.常用情態(tài)動詞過去式如下：cancould（能，會）maymight（可以）havetohadto（不得不）shallshould（將要）用于第一人稱單數willwould（將要）用于所有人稱（3）、結構三（謂語動詞為實義動詞時）肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其它.否定句：主語+didn't+動詞原形+其它.一般疑問句：Dd+主語+動詞原形+其它?E.g.LiMingstudiedEng

5、lishthismorning.past.past?E.g.Weoftenplayedtennisinthepast.Wedidn'toftenplaytennisintheDidLiMingstudyEnglishthismorning?DidyouoftenplaytennisintheLiMingdidn'tstudyEnglishthismorning.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn't.1、動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化6、動詞的過去式(1)、一般詞尾加-edstay-stayedask-asked(2)、以e結尾的只加-dhope-hopeddance-dan

6、ced(3)、末尾三個字母以“輔字母，冉加-edStop-stoppeddrop-droppedHowdidyoufindthejob?help-helpedlook-lookedwatch-watchedlove-lovedliveTived+元+輔”結尾，且為重讀閉音節(jié)，應雙寫末尾的輔音plan-plannedbeg-beggedYes,wedid.No,wedidn't.注：1.謂語動詞為實義動詞時，變否定句和一般疑問句一律找助動詞dd來幫忙(過去時不分人稱和單復數，都是加did或didnot)2 .前面出現了助動詞，后面的動詞一律用原形。3 .變一般疑問句時，一問一答的關系當中

7、,第一人稱和第二人稱要相互交換。5.一般過去時的特殊疑問句：結構：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它?I特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+其它?E.g.WherewereyoulastnighBWhatdidJimdoyesterday?Wheredidyouwalktoyesterday?(4)、輔音字母+y”尾，變y為i,再加-edcarry-carriedstudy-studiedhurry-hurried2、動詞過去式的不規(guī)則變化(見書后表格)7、口訣：動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生事；be用was或用were,have,has變had；謂語動詞過去式，過

8、去時間作標志；一般動詞加-ed,若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡單，主語之后didn'添；疑問句也不難，did放在主語前；如果謂語之前有did,謂語動詞需還原;動詞若是was,were,否定就把not添。(2)變式練習、寫出下列動詞的過去式isamflyplantaredrinkplay_gomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawput.throwkickpassdo、用be動詞的適當形式填空。1. IanEnglishteachernow.2. Shehappyyesterday.3. Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4. Hel

9、enandNancygoodfriends.5. Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.6. Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.7. ThereasignonthechaironMonday.8. TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildren'sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.、鞏固練習、句型變換1、Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：2Theyplayedfootbal

10、lontheplayground.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. I(watch)acartoononSaturday.2. Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.3. Wetothezooyesterday,Tomtothepark.(go)4. you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5. he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.6. GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7. I(sweep)theflo

11、oryesterday,butmymother.8. Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9. It(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday10. Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.三、拓展訓練一、句型轉換1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.(改否定旬)Lucyherhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge(冰箱).(變一般疑問句)hemeatinthefridge?3、Shestayedt

12、hereforaweek.(對劃線部分提問)shethere?4、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.(變一般疑問句)thereorangeinthecup?、單項選擇：1. Myfatherillyesterday.A.isn'tB.aren't2. yourparentsathomelastweekA.IsB.Was3. ThetwinsinDalianlastyear.A.are;wereB.were;are4. yourfatheratworkthedayA.Was;beforeB.Is;before5. WhowasondutylastFriday?

13、C.wasn'tD.weren'tC.AreD.WereTheyherenow.C.was;areD.were;wasyesterday前天)？C.was;areD.were;wasA.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasn't三、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. Don'tthehouse.Mumityesterday.(clean)2. Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework.(do)3. They(make)akiteaweekago.4. Iwanttoapples.Butmydadallofthemlastmont

14、h.(pick)5. hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)6. She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.7. Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.家庭作業(yè)一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數形式、過去式形式goenjoybuyeatgetwalktakedancewriterunswimfindbegineatplaystudy二、用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. TomandMary(come)toChinalastmonth.2. Mike(notgo)

15、tobeduntil12o'clocklastnight.Sohe(get)uplate.3. Mary(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4. Tom(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.5. Mymother(notdo)houseworkyesterday.6. Thereatelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)7. -Whenyou(come)tochina?-Lastyear.8. (be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday?9. Howmanypeople(be)thereinyourcl

16、asslastterm?10. There(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI(have)notimetowatchit.一、英語閱讀理解專項練習試卷1.閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中，選出最佳選項。Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike?Thereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheiropinionofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.Whenwedream

17、aboutthefuture,manyliketothinkofowningapersonalflyingcar.Theadvantagesareobvious.Thistechnologywouldallowtotalfreedomofmovement.Wecouldflyat480kmperhour,avoidingtrafficlightsandbusyroads.However,somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtrafficcontrol.Ifthecarsbecomepopular,thereislikelytobeairtraffic

18、jam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailure.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking?Theseareproblemswemustexpectifflyingcarsbecomeareality.Three-dimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywithexcitingpossibilities.3Dprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplastic.Theybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplet

19、e.Carcompaniesalreadyuse3Dprinterstomakelife-sizemodelsofcarparts,andmedicalcompaniesusethetechnologytomakeman-madebodyparts.Aswemoveintothefuture,3Dprintingwillrevolutionizethewayweshop,thewaywemanufactureandthewaywetreatsickpeople.Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbeextremelyexpensive.Sointhef

20、uture,wemightbeabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.(1) Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Environmentalprotection.B.Theworldoftomorrow.C.Advantagesoftechnology.(2

21、) Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A. SomepeoplethinktechnologydevelopmentmaybringnewproblemsB. 3Dprintingcanbringgreatchangestoourlifeanditsequipmentischeap.C. Theflyingcarswon'tbringairtrafficjamevenwhentheybecomepopular.(3) Whatisthecorrectstructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)(4) Whatdoestheunderl

22、inedword"they"referto?A.Carcompanies.B.3Dprint.C.Bodyparts.(5) Wecaninferthatthewriteraboutthefuturelifewithtechnology.A.doesn'tcareB.feelshopefulC.feelsdisappointed【答案】(1)BA(3) A(4) B(5) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介紹很多人對2050年對未來世界的兩個預測。私人飛車和3D打印機。(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據Whatwilltheworldofthefuturebelike?Th

23、ereareplentyofpeoplewhoarehappytogivetheiropinionofwhatwewillbedoingin2050.Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.可知本段主要談論的是未來的世界是什么樣子，故選Bo(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據somepeoplebelievetherewillbeproblemswithtrafficcontrol.Ifthecarsbecomepopular,thereislikelytobeairtrafficjam.Anotherbigproblemismechanicalfailur

24、e.Whatwillhappenifthecarsstopworking?Theseareproblemswemustexpectifflyingcarsbecomeareality.些人認為交通管制會有問題。如果汽車變得流行，很可能會出現空中交通堵塞。另一個大問題是機械故障。如果汽車停止工作會發(fā)生什么？如果飛車成為現實，這些問題我們必須預料到?？芍萍嫉陌l(fā)展將會帶來新的問題，選項A符合文章內容，故選A;選項C,不符合文字內容，故排除C;Thedisadvantageisthatsuchequipmentwillbeextremelyexpensive.可知選項B不符合文章內容，故排除B;綜上

25、所述，故選A。(3)篇章結構題。根據Herearetwopredictionsabouttheworldoftomorrow.總說；Whenwedreamaboutthefuture,manyliketothinkofowningapersonalflyingcar.和Three-dimensionalprintingisanothernewtechnologywithexcitingpossibilities.3Dprintersareusedtobuildanobjectwithliquidplastic.分說；Sointhefuture,wemightbeabletoflytoworko

26、rprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.總結。根據文章結構可知：總一分一總，故選A。(4)代詞指代題。根據下文Theybuildtheobjectlayerbylayeruntilitiscomplete.可知是指上文3Dprinters,故選Bo(5)推理判斷題。根據Sointhefuture,wemightb

27、eabletoflytoworkorprintoutnewshoes.Althoughtherearesomeproblemstosolvebeforethiswillbepossible,wecancertainlydreamofaworldwheretechnologymakeslifeeasierandsaferformillionsofpeople.因此，在未來，我們可能會飛到工作或打印出新的鞋。盡管在這一切成為可能之前還有一些問題需要解決，但我們當然可以夢想一個技術使數百萬人的生活更容易、更安全的世界?？芍浦髡邔萍嘉磥淼纳畛錆M希望，故選Bo【點評】考查閱讀理解。要求考生對文章

28、通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據。2.閱讀理解Everybodyhatesrats.Butratsmaysoonbeman'snewgoodfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?Becausetheycansmellpeople.Dogssavelives.Theyhelprescuerstofindlivingpeople.Butdogsarebiga

29、ndtheycan'tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.Howdoesitwork?First,theratistrainedtosmellpeople.Whenthishappens,therat'sbraingivesasignal.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whentherat'sbrainactivityjumps

30、,therescuersknowthatsomeoneisalive.Therathassmelledthatperson.Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjob,ratsarebetter.Robots'nosesdon'tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsaround.Ratsaregoodatthat.Ratscanalsoseeinthedark,theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogs,andunlikerobots,theydon'tnee

31、delectricity!The"ratproject"isnotfinished.Butascientistsays,"Itwouldbegreat.Aratcouldgetintoanyplacewecouldn'tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn'tsafe."Perhapsforthefirsttimeinhistory,peoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuilding(butonlyafteranearthquake,ofcourse).(1) Wheredoyouthi

32、nkyoucanfindthispassage?A.Inamagazineabouttoys.B.Inahistorybook.C.Inanewspaperaboutscience.D.Inanadvertisement.(2) WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Ratsdon'tneedelectricity.B.Ratsarebetterthanrobotswhensmelling.C.Ratsareascleverasradios.D.Ratscanseethingsinthedarkwhendoingrescues.33)Whydoesthe&quo

33、t;ratproject"soundgreataccordingtothepassage?A.Becauseratscangetintoverysmallspaces.B.Becauseratshavebetternosesthandogs.C.Becauseratsdon'tlikerobots.D.Becauseratsarebrave.44)Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.WaysofsavingpeopleB.RatsC.EarthquakesD.Ratsforrescue【答案】(1)CC(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】主要

34、講了老鼠是怎樣營救人的。(1)推斷題。根據全文可知主要講了老鼠救人，所以可以在關于科學的報紙上發(fā)現，故選Co2 2)細節(jié)題。根據Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsback,andthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.可知信號被發(fā)送給收音機，而沒有說老鼠和收音機一樣聰明，故選Co3 3)細節(jié)題。根據"Itwouldbegreat.Aratcouldgetintoanyplacewecouldn'tgetto,andaratwouldgetoutifitwasn'tsafe."可知是因為老鼠可以去非常小的

35、地方，故選A。(4)主旨題。根據全文可知主要講了老鼠是怎樣營救人的。故選Do【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.閱讀理解Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinfamilylifebecauseofscienceandindustry(工業(yè)).Inthepast,whenmostAmericanslivedonfarms,thetypicalfamilyhadmanychildren.Inafarmfamily,parentsand

36、theirchildrenoftenlivedwithgrandparents.Usually,unclesandauntslivednearby.ButwhenindustrybecamemoreimportantthanagricultureinAmericanlife,familiesbecamesmallerbecauseindustryrequiresworkerswhoarereadyandabletomoveoffthelandandmoveagainwhenevernecessary.Andlargefamiliescannotmovefromplacetoplaceassma

37、llerfamilies.So,atpresentpeopletendtohavesmallerfamilies.Inthefuture,becauseofindustrialization,atypicalfamilywillberequiredtomoveevenmoreoftenthannow,sofamilieswillbeevensmaller.Thetypicalfamilymayremainchildlessandconsistonlyofamanandawoman.Asmallnumberoffamiliesmaytakeraisingchildrenastheirchiefw

38、ork.Atthesametimetheymayalsoraiseotherpeople'schildren,leavingthosefamiliesfreetomovefromjobtojob.(1) Whichofthefollowingtopicsisdiscussedinthepassage?A. ThedevelopmentofscienceandindustryinAmerica.B. TheinfluenceofscienceandindustryonAmericanfamilies.C. Harmfuleffectofindustrialization.D. Socia

39、lproblemsresultingfromthehighly-developedscienceandindustryinAmerica.(2) Whatkindsoffamiliesaredescribedinthepassage?A.Familiesofthepastandthepresent.B.Familiesofthepresentandthefuture.C.Familiesofthepastandthefuture.D.Familiesofthepast,thepresentandthefuture.(3) Whatisoneofthereasonsthatfamiliesare

40、gettingsmallerinAmerica?A. Childrentendtoleavetheirparentsandgrandparentswhentheygrowup.B. Peoplestopcaringforchildren.C. Theneedforworkerswhoareabletomoveatanytimehasbeenincreasing.D. Botholdandyoungpeopleprefertolivebythemselves.(4) Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A. Scienceandindustryhavecausedthou

41、sandsoffamiliestosplit(破裂).B. Childrendonotlivewiththeirparentsorgrandparents.C. Largefamiliescanhardlysurviveinmodernsociety.D. Americansareverychoosyabouttheirjobs.【答案】(1)BD(3) C(4) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：由于工業(yè)的發(fā)展，家庭也受到了影響，原來的家庭孩子多，而現在的家庭孩子少，由于工業(yè)的發(fā)展家庭會總是搬動，有的家庭只有一個孩子或者沒有孩子。(5) 細節(jié)理解題，根據Greatchangeshavetakenp

42、laceinfamilylifebecauseofscienceandindustry(工業(yè)).可知家庭受到了科學和工業(yè)發(fā)展的影響，故答案是B。(6) 細節(jié)理解題，根據文章內容可知，短文涉及到了過去的家庭，現在的家庭和將來的家庭，故答案是Do(7) 細節(jié)理解題，根據Inthefuture,becauseofindustrialization,atypicalfamilywillberequiredtomoveevenmoreoftenthannow,sofamilieswillbeevensmaller.可知對于工人們能夠隨時搬動的需求，所以家庭變得原來越小，故答案是Co(8) 邏輯推理題，根

43、據文章內容可知，工人們可能會隨時要搬家，大的家庭就沒有這樣的便捷，所以大家庭就不適于生存在現代的社會，故答案是Co【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)理解題和邏輯推理題。細節(jié)理解題可以直接從文中尋找答案；邏輯推理題需要結合具體語境，由已知內容推出未知的可能的事實。4.閱讀理解EsperanzalivesinapoorLatino（拉丁美洲的）neighbourhoodinChicago,America.Shedreamsofhavingherownhouseoneday.Herparentstoldherthatwhentheymovedfromtheirlasthouse,theywouldh

44、aveanewandshiny（亮閃閃的）house.Butthehouseissmallandold.ManypeopleliveinMangoStreet,inabigoldhouse,Esperanzalivesbehinditwithherfamily.AlotofthepeoplewhohavecomefromMexicodon'tspeakEnglish.Manymisstheirhomecountry.Esperanzaunderstandstheirsadness,butshealsofeelsathomeinAmerica.SheisanAmerican,buther

45、roots（根）willalwaysbeLatino.Esperanzaisyoung.Likeherfriends,shehastogrowupfast.Sheisstuckbetweenbeingagirlandbeingawoman.Inthepooranddangerousareawhereshelives,thisisdifficultforher.Mexicanpeopleusuallyliveinacloseneighbourhood.Thismeansthatpeoplelivepacked（擠塞的）intogether.Everyoneknowseveryoneelse.So

46、Esperanzaknowsotheroldergirlsthatdothingssheisnotcomfortabledoing.Itisjustafactofherlife.ButEsperanzahasgoodfriendstoo.ShebecomesfriendswithtwosistersnamedLucyandRachel.Theyridebikesandhaveadventures（冒險）together.EsperanzaisalsofriendswithagirlnamedAlicia.Aliciaisafraidoftheratsinherapartment.Sheshar

47、esherpoemswithEsperanza.11) WhatisRIGHTaboutEsperanza?A. Shedoesn'tlikewhatsomeoftheoldergirlsaredoing.B. Sheisn'tquiteusedtoherlifeinAmerica.C. SheisanAmericanandhasacomfortablelife.D. Sheoftenliveswithherfriendsenjoyingdoingthingstogether.(2) WheredoesEsperanzalive?A. InabigoldhouseinMango

48、Street.B. InasmallandoldhouseinMangoStreet.C. Inanewandshinyhouse.D. Inasmallanddangeroushouse.(3) Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A. manypeoplewholiveinMangoStreetaredangerousB. MangoStreetisanareawhereEsperanza'schildhoodisunforgettableC. inMangoStreet,peopledon'tspeakEnglishD. inMangoStreet,eve

49、rybodyunderstandsEsperanzassadness(4) Whatdoestheword"stuck"inthethirdparagraphmean?A.hardtoagreeB.hardtobelieveC.hardtomoveD.hardtohaveacorrectidea(5) Thepassageismainlyasimpleintroductionto.A. aperson'sexperienceB. aperson'sfriendsC. aplacenamedMangoStreetD. loveandsadnessfromMan

50、goStreet【答案】(1)AB(3) A(4) C(5) A【解析】【分析】主要講了Esperanza住在美國芝加哥一個貧窮的拉丁美洲街區(qū)，房子又小又舊，及其危險困難的生活。(1)細節(jié)題。根據SoEsperanzaknowsotheroldergirlsthatdothingssheisnotcomfortabledoing.可知Esperanza不喜歡其他女孩做的不舒服的事情，故選A。(2)細節(jié)題。根據Butthehouseissmallandold.ManypeopleliveinMangoStreet,inabigoldhouse,Esperanzalivesbehinditwith

51、herfamily.可知Esperanza的房子是小的舊的，住在MangoStreet的后面，故選Bo(3) 細節(jié)題。根據Inthepooranddangerousareawhereshelives,thisisdifficultforher可知住在MangoStreet是危險和困難的，故選A。(4)細節(jié)題。根據前句Likeherfriends,shehastogrowupfast.像她的朋友一樣，她不得不快速成長，所以卡在了女孩和婦女間，即很難移動，即hardtomove,故選C。(5)細節(jié)題。根據全文可知主要介紹了Esperanza住在美國芝加哥一個貧窮的拉丁美洲街區(qū)，房子又小又舊，及其危

52、險困難的生活。即個人經歷的介紹，故選Ao【點評】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細尋找答案。5.閱讀理解On26February,IgotanemailfrommyfriendDavid,askingmetogotoTanzaniatotraintheirsoftwareengineers.ThecompanyislocatedinDaresSalam,abeautifulcoastalcitytothewestoftheIndianOcean.IstayedforabouttwoweeksinthatcitylasttimeIwasthere.Duringmystaythere,Davidtookmetothenearbybeachandwehadawonderfulwal