1、精選文檔謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣)要點(diǎn)一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1.can,could【溫馨提示】 can有時(shí)也用于確定句,表示理論上的可能性或一時(shí)的狀況。常譯為“有時(shí)會(huì)”。2.may,might【溫馨提示】 may表示懇求許可時(shí),其否定回答一般用mustnt。may not意為“可能不”,而cant意為“不行能”。3.will,would【溫馨提示】 would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣時(shí)僅指動(dòng)作,而且不與現(xiàn)在作對(duì)比;used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而且與現(xiàn)在作對(duì)比,說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)不存在。4.shall,should,ought to 5.must,have to【溫馨提示】 (1)

2、在回答must的問(wèn)句時(shí),否定回答通常用neednt或dont have to。(2) mustnt表示“禁止;不許”;而dont have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一種形式,而have to有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)的變化。6.need的用法7.dare的用法【溫馨提示】 (1)dare用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有dare,dared兩種形式。(2)dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,后接不定式,不定式符號(hào)to可省去,但dare以動(dòng)詞-ing形式消滅時(shí),不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。要點(diǎn)二 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done ”的用法1.must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行確定的推斷,只用于確定句中,意為“肯定,

3、必定”,其否定形式為:cant/cannot have done。It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚確定下雨了,由于路面格外潮濕。I saw Mr Wang just now.He cant have gone abroad.剛剛我還觀察王先生了,他不行能已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。2.could have done意為“原來(lái)可以,原來(lái)能夠”,表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。You could have made greater progress,but you didnt try your best. 你原來(lái)可以取得更

4、大的進(jìn)步,但是你沒(méi)有努力。 3.may/might have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推斷,意為“可能/或許已經(jīng)”。其否定形式為: may/might not have done意為“可能沒(méi)有做”。 Its no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家沒(méi)用。 他可能沒(méi)有回家,可能已經(jīng)去了別的地方。4.should/ought to have done表示本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事,卻沒(méi)有做,含有責(zé)怪或懊悔之意。其否定形式為should not/ought n

5、ot to have done表示“本不該做某事卻做了”。 With all the work finished,I should have gone to the party last night. 全部的工作都做完了,我昨晚本該去參與宴會(huì)的。You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不應(yīng)當(dāng)取笑他的。他不是你要稱贊的人而是你應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。 5.neednt have done表示“本沒(méi)有必要做某事卻做了”,多用于否定句中。You neednt

6、 have waken me up;I dont have to go to work today. 你本不必叫醒我的;我今日不上班。 留意:neednt do表示“沒(méi)有必要去做某事”,時(shí)間上應(yīng)當(dāng)是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。You neednt telephone him now,for he isnt at home. 你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他,由于他不在家。6.would have done表示“原來(lái)會(huì)做而事實(shí)上未做到”。Without your help,I wouldnt have achieved so much. 沒(méi)有你的掛念,我是不會(huì)取得如此大的成果的。要點(diǎn)三 虛擬語(yǔ)

7、氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法（1） 基本用法(二)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不同時(shí)發(fā)生,或主從句的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)是事實(shí),這種狀況下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依據(jù)各自的具體狀況來(lái)確定。如:If he had worked hard at his lesson,he would be in college now. 假如他努力學(xué)習(xí),現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)考上高校了。(三)含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件不是通過(guò)if引導(dǎo)的條件來(lái)表現(xiàn)的,而是通過(guò)一些詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,如without,but for,otherwise,but等。如:I couldnt have finished the work on time w

8、ithout your help. 假如沒(méi)有你的掛念,我無(wú)法按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。But for your timely warning,we would have got into great trouble. 假如沒(méi)有你準(zhǔn)時(shí)的提示,我們已陷入大麻煩里。(四)非真實(shí)條件句中省略if的用法假如非真實(shí)條件句中有had,were,should,可省略if,而將had,were,should提前形成部分倒裝。如:Had he taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.假如他聽(tīng)取我的建議的話,他就不會(huì)犯這種錯(cuò)了。

9、0;Should it be sunny tomorrow,we would go hiking. 假如明天晴天,我們會(huì)去徒步旅行。Were there no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.假如沒(méi)有空氣和水,地球上也不會(huì)有生命。 要點(diǎn)四 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的應(yīng)用(一)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1.wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為:一般過(guò)去時(shí)(賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí));過(guò)去完成時(shí)(賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作先于wish);could/would+

10、動(dòng)詞原形(賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作后于wish)。如:How I wish you had joined us in singing the song! 我多么期望你加入我們一起唱歌。I wish you could accompany me to Shanghai next week. 我期望你下周陪我去上海。2.在would rather/prefer后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬:賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。如:I would rather they didnt hear of the news.

11、0;我寧愿他們沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news. 我寧愿沒(méi)告知他那個(gè)壞消息。(對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬)3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用假如as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí);假如as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作,as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí);假如as i

12、f/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作,as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如:He looks as if he were an artist.(同時(shí))他看起來(lái)像個(gè)藝術(shù)家。She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語(yǔ)如此流利,好像她在美國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)一樣。He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.(后于) 他如此努力地學(xué)英

13、語(yǔ),好像他要去美國(guó)一樣。4.用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,desire,recommend等。這些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。如:He recommended that the task should be finished tomorrow. 他建議明天肯定把任務(wù)完成。(二)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他句型中的用法1.It is (high) time(that).句型中該句中,定語(yǔ)從句

14、的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”,用來(lái)表示提議。如:It is (high) time that you went to school.你該去上學(xué)了。2.even if從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反時(shí),應(yīng)接受虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式與條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式相同。如:Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay. 什么都挽救不了他,即使他的看護(hù)沒(méi)有被延誤。3.在其他狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

15、在in case,lest,for fear that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“以防,以免”,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 他帶著雨衣以防下雨。4.用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中If only+句子=How I wish+that從句(that可省略).如:If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飛鳥(niǎo)該多好啊!If only I had seen the f

16、ilm!=How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影該多好啊!留意1.mustnt不能表示推想。很多考生認(rèn)為must在確定句中可以表示推想,其否定形式mustnt意為“不行能”,這是錯(cuò)誤的。mustnt意為“禁止,不允許”。表示否定的推想用cant,意為“不行能”。2.suggest和insist后面的從句并非都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)suggest表示“示意,表明”,insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣,不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.

17、 He insisted that he hadnt stolen the money.他的緘默表明他同意我的打算。 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷過(guò)錢(qián)。練習(xí)題1.Samuel,the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京真題) 【答案】 can【解析】 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:塞繆爾是我們班最高的男生,他很輕松就能夠到書(shū)架頂層上的書(shū)。表示力量,用can“能夠”。2.My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can d

18、o it in the morning.(2017天津真題) 【答案】 neednt【解析】 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:我的房間亂得一團(tuán)糟,但是今晚出門(mén)前我不必打掃。我可以早上再打掃。依據(jù)后一句“我可以早上再打掃”可知,此處應(yīng)用neednt表示“不必做某事”。3.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I (be) able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津真題) 【答案】 wouldnt have been【解析】 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意:你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎?是的。假如沒(méi)有的話,昨天我就找不到她了。這

19、是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,空格所在的句子相當(dāng)于主句,otherwise相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”的形式。4.Although you find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.(全國(guó)大綱真題) 【答案】 can【解析】 句意:盡管你在倫敦可能發(fā)覺(jué)廉價(jià)貨,但它總起來(lái)說(shuō)還不是一個(gè)購(gòu)物的廉價(jià)去處。表示可能性,故用can。5.George (go) too far.His coffee is still warm.(浙江真題) 【答案】 cant have

20、gone【解析】 句意:喬治不行能走太遠(yuǎn)。他的咖啡還是溫的。cant have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去否定的推想,意為“不行能已做了”。6.Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.(北京真題) 【答案】 must【解析】 句意:你不能再多待會(huì)兒?jiǎn)?太晚了。我必需要走了,我女兒一個(gè)人在家呢。由“時(shí)間不早了”和“女兒一個(gè)人在家”這兩個(gè)條件可以推斷出“我”必需要走了。所以填must。7.Sorry,Mum! I failed the job intervie

21、w again.Oh,its too bad.You have made full preparations.(福建真題) 【答案】 should【解析】 句意:對(duì)不起,媽媽。我面試又失敗了。噢,太糟糕了。你本應(yīng)當(dāng)做充分預(yù)備的。should have done形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推想,意為“本應(yīng)當(dāng)”。8.If I (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(北京真題) 【答案】 hadnt seen【解析】 句意:假如不是親眼看到,我是不會(huì)信任的。由于主句使用的是would have done的形式,所以從句使用過(guò)

22、去完成時(shí)態(tài),表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。9.It is lucky we booked a room,or we (have) nowhere to stay now.(安徽真題) 【答案】 would have【解析】 句意:幸運(yùn)的是我們預(yù)定了一個(gè)房間,否則現(xiàn)在我們就沒(méi)有地方待了。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知,主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,所以使用would have。典例1 You be careful with the camera.It costs!(四川真題) 【剖析】 must句意:你肯定要當(dāng)心使用這部相機(jī)。它花了不少錢(qián)呢!后面一句It costs!使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)事實(shí)狀況,再依據(jù)句

23、意,相機(jī)價(jià)格昂貴,所以肯定(must)要當(dāng)心使用。典例2 My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who have taken it?(陜西真題) 【剖析】 could句意:我的書(shū)海茲的房屋不見(jiàn)了。是誰(shuí)拿走了呢?結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的推想,用在疑問(wèn)句中,表達(dá)可能性,故填could。典例3 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.(四川真題) 【剖析】 would句意:我仍舊記得我的幸福童年,那時(shí)我母

24、親總會(huì)在周末帶我去迪士尼樂(lè)園。would表示過(guò)去的一種習(xí)慣。1.No one be more generous;he has a heart of gold. 【答案】 can/could【解析】 句意:沒(méi)有人比他更慷慨;他有一顆金子般的心。依據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是否定詞和比較級(jí)連用表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義,所以用can或could。2.The door not open,no matter how hard she pushed. 【答案】 would【解析】 句意:不管她怎么用力推,門(mén)就是打不開(kāi)。主句有“即使盡力想讓某事發(fā)生也達(dá)不到預(yù)期的效果”的含義,所以用would

25、not 表達(dá)。 3.He sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. 【答案】 couldnt【解析】 句意:當(dāng)他苦苦想辦法時(shí),盡管他盡力去睡,但直到他想出辦法來(lái),他才能睡著。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境及“although he tried to”可知,此處說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的力量,而且表示否定,填couldnt。 4.What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure,but I go to the Rolling

26、Stones concert. 【答案】 might/may【解析】 句意:本周六你打算干什么?我也不確定,但是我可能去聽(tīng)滾石樂(lè)隊(duì)的音樂(lè)會(huì)。依據(jù)這里的“Im not sure”可知,本句用might或may表示不確定的推想。 5.I (not enjoy) myself moreit was a perfect day. 【答案】 couldnt have enjoyed【解析】 句意:我從未玩得這么快活過(guò)這是完善的一天。依據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里用couldnt have done表示“不行能做過(guò)”,后面的enjoy.more是比較級(jí),與not連用表示最高級(jí)的含義

27、,意為“從未比這更興奮過(guò)”。 6.The children (get) lost in the wood;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. 【答案】 must have got【解析】 句意:孩子們肯定是在樹(shù)林里走丟了,否則,他們就會(huì)依據(jù)預(yù)定時(shí)間來(lái)到湖邊的宿營(yíng)地了。依據(jù)句意可知,這里表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的確定推想,所以要用must have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。 7.Since nobody gave him any help,he have done the research

28、 on his own. 【答案】 must【解析】 句意:既然沒(méi)有人給他任何掛念,他肯定是自己做的那項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)辯。依據(jù)句意可知,這里是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的確定推想,所以用must have done結(jié)構(gòu)。 8.Why are your eyes so red?You have slept well last night. Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.【答案】 cant/couldnt【解析】 句意:你的眼睛為什么這么紅?你昨晚確定沒(méi)有睡好。是的,我熬夜寫(xiě)了一篇報(bào)告。由題中的關(guān)鍵信息“stayed up late writing

29、 a report”可推想“昨晚沒(méi)有睡好”,此處用cant/couldnt have done這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)過(guò)去事情的比較確定的否定推想,即“不行能”。9.It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah,we would have got wet all over if we (have). 【答案】 hadnt【解析】 句意:今日早上大雨滂沱。我格外興奮我們帶了雨傘。是的,假如我們不帶雨傘的話肯定全身都濕透了。依據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning可知,本句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)

30、氣,所以要用hadnt,這是if we hadnt taken an umbrella的省略。 10.I should not have laughed if I (think) you were serious. 【答案】 had thought【解析】 句意:假如我當(dāng)時(shí)想到你是認(rèn)真的,我就不會(huì)笑了。if引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句,依據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞should not have laughed可以推出,本句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,所以if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 11.My mom suggests that we (eat) out for a ch

31、ange this weekend. 【答案】 (should) eat【解析】 句意:媽媽建議我們本周末出去吃飯來(lái)?yè)Q換口味。表建議、命令類(lèi)的詞,如:suggest,propose,demand,request,order等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。12.I (go) to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available. 【答案】 would/should have gone【解析】 句意:要不是沒(méi)時(shí)間,昨天晚上我就去參與我堂妹的生日聚會(huì)了。依據(jù)句意準(zhǔn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last night可知,前一分句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的狀況。 13.We of