1、對非謂語動詞的省略的特征分析    非謂語動詞在歷年高考語法項目的考查中都占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位。而高考對非謂語動詞的省略形式的考查,在近幾年的高考試卷中有所加強。     一、動詞不定式的省略     例1 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police_.     A. not to do B. not to     C. not d

2、o D. do not     解析:答案為B,易誤選A。考查動詞不定式否定形式的省略。     例2 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.     A. not to B. not to do     C. not do it D. do not to     解析:答案為A,易誤選B?？疾閯釉~不定式否定形式的省略。  

3、   以上兩道題,從試題內(nèi)容到考點內(nèi)容幾乎是不謀而合地雷同,前者考查的是ask sb. not to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu),后者考查的是tell sb. not to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),重點考查的都是作賓語補足語的動詞不定式否定形式的省略。     省略結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式符號to與非省略形式不定式to do的區(qū)別在于:不定式符號to是用來代表前面所述整個動詞不定式短語的,它主要用于答語中,若跟在like/love/try/want/hope/wish等動詞或習語be able/used之后,則to不可省,也不可在to 之后再加do。如:  

4、;   (1)We practise playing tennis more often than we used to.     我們比過去更常練習打球。     (2)He was told that the money would have to be paid back, but he refused to.     他被告知必須還錢,但他拒絕這樣做。     (3)However, his parents wont allow him to tr

5、ain as much as he would like to.     然而,他的父母不會允許他隨心所欲地訓練。     以上句(1)中的used to,句(2)中的refused to和句(3)中的would like to其后均不可再加do。do也可用來代替前面已出現(xiàn)的動詞,但do只可用來代替謂語動詞,且謂語動詞必須是主動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動名詞、動詞不定式均不可用do來代替。這就是與不定式符號to用來代替上文整個動詞不定式(短語)的根本區(qū)別。如:     (4)A fe

6、ather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.     羽毛落下的速度比石頭慢只是因為空氣對羽毛的阻力要比空氣對石頭的阻力大。     (5)I knew he would help us,and he did.     我知道他會幫助我們的,他確實也幫助了我們。     二、分詞的省略   &#

7、160; 分詞的省略主要表現(xiàn)在:     1.“從屬連詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中“主語+be動詞”的省略     例3 Film has a much shorter history,especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.     A. having pared to B. paring to     C. pare to D. pared to     解析:答案為D?？崭袂笆÷粤薴

8、ilm is,由于pare與句中的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該選擇過去分詞,即構(gòu)成“連詞when+過去分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“電影的歷史較短,尤其是與音樂、繪畫這類藝術(shù)形式比較起來時,更是如此”。     例4 Anyone,once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.     A. to be tested B. being tested     C. tested

9、D. to test     解析:答案為C。由“連詞once+過去分詞”構(gòu)成分詞的省略結(jié)構(gòu),作時間狀語,謂語動詞與句中主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)用過去分詞,省去了anyone is。句意為“任何人一旦檢查出感染了H7N9病毒,將一律接受政府的免費治療”。     例5 If _ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.    A. asked B. to ask     C. askin

10、g D. having asked     解析:答案為A。由“連詞if+過去分詞”構(gòu)成分詞的省略結(jié)構(gòu),作條件狀語,asked前省略了you are。句意為“如果有人要求你為別人照看行李的話,你要立即告知警察”。     從以上考題可以看出,如果動詞與句中的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系時,就可用“連詞+過去分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:though surprised(盡管感到驚奇),unless invited(除非受到邀請),than expected(比原來想象的),as shown in the picture

11、(如圖所示),when not treated in time(第一論文提供代寫論文和論文代寫服務(wù),歡迎光臨如果沒有及時治療的話)等;當動詞與句中主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系時,就應(yīng)用“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。如:    Dont reach sideways while standing on a ladder(while standing =while you are standing).     當站在梯子上的時候,你不要側(cè)著身子去夠東西。     2.“助動詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中助動詞的省略

12、60;   例 6 Peter had intended to take a job in business,but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 20XX.     A. had abandoned B. abandoned     C. abandon D. will abandon     解析:答案為B。由并列連詞and/or/but連接兩個并列謂語時,如果謂語動詞由“助動詞+分詞”構(gòu)成,其第二

13、個謂語中的助動詞應(yīng)省略,只用分詞即可,因此不可選擇A。句意為“皮特原本打算從事商業(yè),但20XX年在加拿大那次不愉快的經(jīng)歷之后,他放棄了那個打算”?！扒閼B(tài)動詞+非謂語動詞”構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)也是如此。如:She could speak like an adult person and sing like an angel when she was a child.(當她還是個孩子的時候,她講起話來就像一個成年人一樣,唱起歌來就像天使一樣。)     三、動名詞邏輯主語的省略     例7 The station master was so

14、thankful to Edison for _ his son that he decided to teach him railway telegraphy.     A. save B. his saving C. saving D. to save     解析:答案為C。如果作介詞賓語用的動名詞的邏輯主語已在句中其他地方有暗示時,該動名詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)省略。介詞for前已指明saving的動作是由Edison發(fā)出的,因此不可選擇B。     例8 It was no use _ that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.     A. to pretending B. pretending     C. my pretending D. me pretending     解析:答案為B。no use 習慣于后接動名詞,又由于該動名詞的邏輯主語已從其后的主語從句中的主語“I”顯現(xiàn)出來,所以不可選擇C和D。     例9 Once your business bees international,