1、初二語法：簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十。十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)說明：$=主語；V =謂語；P =表語；0=賓語；01 =間接賓語；02=直接賓語；C =賓語 補足語基本句型一：S 十 V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，這些動詞常見的有：appear, apologize, arrive,come, die, disappear

2、, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：1) . 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) . 她再次向我道歉。3) . 事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。補充 : 少數(shù)不及物動詞后面能跟一個相同意義的名詞作賓語，這個名詞和前面的動詞在詞根上是相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh,fight, run, sing 等。例如：4) . Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happ

3、y life.5) . I dreamed a terrible dream last night.6) . Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.7) . He died a glorious death.基本句型二： S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep,remain, 等等。如：8) We should any time.我們在任何時候

4、都應(yīng)該保持謙虛。9) 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。.8. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。11) Don't have the food. .不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12) The fact .這個事實證明是正確的?；揪湫腿篠十V十。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語。同時， 句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、

5、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部電影。14) You place me in a difficultsituation. 。15) They finally managed to get along with us.16) They have of the children 這些孩子他們照看得很好。17) I don t like being treated like this. ?；揪湫退模篠十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，01=間接賓語；02=直接賓語這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。如：18) Yesterday her father a

6、s abirthdaypresent. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. 。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：A. 動詞直接賓語for sb.；B. 動詞直接賓語to sb.。20) Please show me your picture. =Please . 請把你的畫給我看一下。21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. =I'll offer as

7、 long as you don't loseheart.只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供機會的?；揪湫臀澹篠十V十。十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的賓語補語可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”, 作補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：22) Keep , please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。23）他把墻漆成白色。.24）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。.注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to 。如：25) The boss made him do the w

8、ork all day. 英語簡單句翻譯練習(xí)1. 我想把王同志介紹給你。I want to introduce Comrade Wang to you.2. 依我看，他在浪費時間。In my opinion, he is wasting time.3. 由于大火的結(jié)果，成千上萬的人失去了家園。As a result of the fire, thousands of people lost their homes.4. 你能說英語，我也能。You can speak English, and so can I.5. 學(xué)生們一路上不停地說笑。The students went on talkin

9、g and laughing all the way.6. 我媽媽叫我做作業(yè)，而不是洗碗。My mother asked me to do my homework instead of washing dishes.7. 在公共場合，不允許人們吸煙。Peoplearen tallowedtosmokeinpublicplaces.8. 昨天下午我媽在那家商店給我買了橡皮、小刀和鉛筆盒等。Peoplearen tallowedtosmokeinpublicplaces.9.你怎樣在夏天把水變成冰呢？How can you change water into ice in summer?10. 我

10、英語發(fā)音方面有些困難。I have some difficulty in English pronunciation.11. 你打算到北京呆多久呢？How long are you going to stay in Beijing?12. 祝你在深圳玩得愉快。Have a pleasant/wouderful time in Shezhen.13. 這頂帽子是由手工而不是機器做的。The hat is made by hand not by machine.14. 明天晚上我要到機場去送我姨媽。Tomorrow evening I m going to the airport to see m

11、y aunt off.15. 在我的家鄉(xiāng)過去大量的小樹被砍掉了。In the past plenty of little trees were cut down in my hometown.16. 所有的學(xué)生都必須遵守校規(guī)。All the students must obey the school rules.17. 事實上，我非常喜歡學(xué)英語。In fact, I like to study English very much.18. 有時，英語口語完全不同于英語書面語。Sometimes spoken English isdifferentfrom written English.19.

12、我可以看一看那張照片嗎？May I have a look at thatphoto?20. 每年我花費二百元買書。I spend 200 yuan on books every year.21. 我們學(xué)校圖書館將為學(xué)生們提供各種類型的書。The library of our school will suply all kinds of books to the students.22. 下一年我的家鄉(xiāng)將建一所新醫(yī)院。A new hospital will be built in my hometown next year.23. 一年級的學(xué)生的英語學(xué)習(xí)從ABC開始學(xué)起。The student

13、s of Junior One begin to learn English with ABC.24. 許多人在這次車禍中喪生，僅有少數(shù)幸運者沒有受傷。A lot of people lost their lives in the accident. Only a few l uckyones were not injuired.25. 玉米最先在美國種植。Corn was firstgrown in America.26. 再來塊豆腐好嗎？Would you like another piece of beancurd?27. 飛機比火車重20 倍。The planeis twenty ti

14、mes heavierthanthe car.28. 你離開家鄉(xiāng)有多久了？3 年。How longhave youbeen away fromyourhometown?Threeyear.29. 每人只允許從圖書館借兩本書。Everyone isallowedto borrow 2books fromthe library.30. 吃新鮮的蔬菜和水果對你的健康很有益。Eating freshfruitsand vegetables is goodforyour hearlth.31. 由于老師的幫助，他考上了一所名牌學(xué)校。Thanks to the teachers help, he coul

15、d enter a famous college.32. 這件上衣有點大，請您換一件小的，好嗎？The coat is a bit larger. Will you please change for a smaller one?33. 我的父母下周將出國。My parents will go abroad next week.34. 我每隔兩天(每三天)去那里一趟。I go there every three days.35. 外面在下大雨，可是我認為我們還是該出去了。Itisraininghard, however, Ithinkwe shouldgo out.36. 在二十世紀八十年代，

16、電話開始進入中國的許多家庭。Inthe 1980s,telephones beganto gointo manyChinesefamilies.37. 同學(xué)們對新來的老師評價很好。The students thought well of their new teacher.38. 這份英語報紙深受英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎。The English paper is popular with the English learners.39. 到目前為止我們沒有取得成功。So far we havent had any success.40. 這項決定非常重要。The decision is of grea

17、t importance.41. 你為何不跟我一起走呢？Why dontyou go with me?42. 教室里只有十來個學(xué)生。There are no more than ten students in the classroom.43. 小偷掙脫了警察逃跑了。The thief broken away from the policeman and ran away.44. 我們應(yīng)當竭盡全力幫助那個可憐的老人。We should try our best to help that poor old man.45. 人們認為他是一個熱心腸的人。He is considered to be

18、a warm-hearted man.46. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他很滑稽可笑。Ifindhim very funny.47. 我一定把工作做好。Iwilltrymy best to do the work well.48. 你的功課學(xué)的怎么樣？How are you getting along with your studies?49. 他過去喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂現(xiàn)在則喜歡爵士樂。He used to like country music, but now he prefers Jazz.50. 這些小樹長得很好。The young treesaregrowing well.51. 這些年來你到哪里去了？Wher

19、e have you been all these years?52. 我將讓學(xué)生們制定一份學(xué)外語的計劃。laI ll get the students to make a plan for learning a foreignnguage.53. 這本書過去很受歡迎，但現(xiàn)在沒人看了。The book was once very popular but nobody reads it today.54. 他寧可呆在家里也不愿見她。He prefers to stay at home rather than (to) meet her. 21. 我們學(xué)校 圖書館將為學(xué)生們提供各種類型的書。The

20、 library of our school will suply all kinds of books to the students.22. 下一年我的家鄉(xiāng)將建一所新醫(yī)院。A new hospital will be built in my hometown next year.23. 一年級的學(xué)生的英語學(xué)習(xí)從ABC開始學(xué)起。The students of Junior One begin to learn English with ABC.24. 許多人在這次車禍中喪生，僅有少數(shù)幸運者沒有受傷。A lot of people lost their lives in the acciden

21、t. Only a few ucky ones were not injuired.25. 玉米最先在美國種植。Corn was first grown in America.26. 再來塊豆腐好嗎？Would you like another piece of beancurd?27. 飛機比火車重20 倍。Theplane is twenty times heavierthanthe car.28. 你離開家鄉(xiāng)有多久了？3 年。Howlonghave you been away fromyourhometown?Threeyear.29. 每人只允許從圖書館借兩本書。Everyone is

22、allowedto borrow 2 books from the library.30. 吃新鮮的蔬菜和水果對你的健康很有益。Eating fresh fruitsand vegetables is good foryour hearlth.31. 由于老師的幫助，他考上了一所名牌學(xué)校。Thanks to the teachers help, he could enter a famous college.32. 這件上衣有點大，請您換一件小的，好嗎？The coat is a bit larger. Will you please change for a smaller one?33.

23、我的父母下周將出國。My parents will go abroad next week.34. 我每隔兩天（每三天）去那里一趟。I go there every three days.35. 外面在下大雨，可是我認為我們還是該出去了。Itisraininghard, however, I thinkweshouldgo out.36. 在二十世紀八十年代，電話開始進入中國的許多家庭。Inthe 1980s,telephones beganto gointo manyChinesefamilies.37. 同學(xué)們對新來的老師評價很好。The students thought well of

24、their new teacher.38. 這份英語報紙深受英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎。The English paper is popular with the English learners.39. 到目前為止我們沒有取得成功。So far we haven t had any success.復(fù)合句的翻譯練習(xí)I 當你離開教室時，務(wù)必關(guān)燈。Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.2你一旦開始，就必須進行下去。Once you begin, you must go on.3如果你不快點，你就會誤了火車。Youll mis

25、s the train unless you hurry up.4這個男孩說他曾經(jīng)和一位美國人講過英語。The boy said he had ever spoken English to an American.5老師告訴我們英國英語與美國英語拼寫方面有些不同。The teacher told us that there were some differences between British English and American English in spelling.6如果今天下午下雨的話，我就乘出租車去上學(xué)。If it rains this afternoon, Ill take

26、 a taxi to go to school.7為了趕上頭班車我明天得起得早點。I ve to get up early tomorrow so thatI can catch the first bus.8科學(xué)家擔(dān)心有一天一次更大的地震會襲擊這座城市。The scientists are afraid that one day another big earthquake will hit the city.9建于1960 年的那棟房子在這次地震中巍然屹立。The house which was built in 1960 still stayed up in the earthquake

27、.10研究地震的人們認為把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。People who do research on earthquakes think it not safe to build houses on sand.II 去年地震時，失去家園的人數(shù)多達5 千。The number of the people who lost homes reached 5,000 in the earthquake last year. 12這就是你昨天買的那本書嗎？Is this the book you bought yesterday?13正站在我們教室前面的那位女士是我們的英語老師。The woman w

28、ho is standing in front of our classroom is our English teacher.14在西方國家人人都喜歡牛奶作成的奶酪。In western countries everybody likes the cheese which is made from milk.15當你說英語時，必須讓別人聽懂。When you speak English, you must make yourself understood.16你認為他來回答這些問題很難嗎？Do you think it difficult for him to answer these qu

29、estions?17據(jù)報道在那個地區(qū)又建了一所新學(xué)校。It is reported that another newschool has been set up in that area.18她出生的那個村莊很美。The village where she was born is very beautiful.19他想要一個能放書的箱子。He wanted a box in which he could keep books.20 Jack 有兩個姐姐，其中一個是護士。Jack has two sisters, one of whom is a nurse.21借走我自行車的那個人叫Paul。

30、The man who borrowed my bike is called Paul.22你越表揚他，他工作越努力。The more you praise him, the harder he works.23他買了一引起與書相配的磁帶。She has bought some tapes which go with the book.24他在巴黎時學(xué)會了法語。He learned French when he lived in Paris.25那是一個女人只能呆在家里的時代。There was a time when women could only stay at home.26你最好帶把

31、傘，以防萬一下雨。You d better take an umbrella in case it rains.9建于1960 年的那棟房子在這次地震中巍然屹立。The house which was built in 1960 still stayed up in the earthquake.10研究地震的人們認為把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。People who do research on earthquakes think it not safe to build houses on sand.11 去年地震時，失去家園的人數(shù)多達5 千。The number of the people who lost homes reached 5,000 in the earthquake last year.12這就是你