1、精品文檔句子的種類第一節(jié)簡單句一、簡單句 (Simple Sentences)的定義只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子叫做簡單句 。He learns German他學德語。（一個主語和一個謂語）Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music湯姆和杰克都喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂。（一個并列主語和一個謂語）We sang and danced yesterday evening昨天晚上我們唱歌跳舞。（一個主語和一個并列調(diào)語）My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and

2、back homeat seven in the evening我和哥哥早上7 ：30 去上學，晚上7：00 回家。（一個并列主語和一個并列謂語）二、簡單句的種類（）根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)分根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句分為5 種句型1. 主語十連系動詞十表語The weather is very cold天氣很冷。She felt happy她感到很愉快。Please keep silent！請安靜！My father is a physics teacher我父親是一個物理老師。The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early mor

3、ning.漓江在清晨看上去格外美麗。2. 主語十不及物動詞Winter is coming冬天來了。His father has gone abroad他父親出國了。The baby is crying in the next room嬰兒在隔壁房間里哭。He works in a big company他在一家大公司工作。We have lived in the city for ten years我們在這座城市已生活了10 年。1歡迎下載精品文檔3. 主語十及物動詞十賓語I like popular music我喜歡流行音樂。She knows what to do next她知道下一步做

4、什么。I usually do my homework at home in the evening我通常晚上在家做功課。He began learning English ten years ago他 10 年前開始學英語。He has decided to work harder at English他決定更努力學習英語。4. 主語十及物動詞十間接賓語十直接賓語He teaches us chemistry他教我們化學。Please tell me your telephone number請告訴我你的電話號碼。Father bought me a new bicycle父親給我買了一輛新

5、自行車。The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree農(nóng)民正在教那個男孩怎樣種樹。This gave us great encouragement這給了我們很大的鼓舞。5. 主語十及物動詞十賓語十賓語補足語They won tlet me go他們不讓我走。We must keep the room clean我們必須保持房間干凈。When he came in ， he found the old man dead他進來時發(fā)現(xiàn)老人死了。He likes to watch the boys playing football他喜歡看男孩們踢足球

6、。Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans昨天我和兩個美國人一起照了相。（二）根據(jù)句子的目的分根據(jù)句子的目的簡單句分為4 種句型1. 陳述句 (Declarative Sentences)：用來敘述一項事實。(1) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十謂語十 The earth turns around the sun地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。He often talks English.他常講英語。注： there be句型和某些句型中主語和謂語有倒裝現(xiàn)象。如：There are 12 months in a year一年有12 個月。Hardly had th

7、e plane landed when the people ran toward it飛機幾乎沒有著陸，。2歡迎下載精品文檔人們就朝它跑去了。（ 2）否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語十謂語（be， have 或助動詞，情態(tài)動詞十not ） China is not a developed country中國不是一個發(fā)達國家。He has not finished the experiment他還沒有做完實驗。He will not come to the party because of his illness因為生病，他將不參加晚會。當謂語由行為動詞單獨構(gòu)成時，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：“主語十do（ does 或 d

8、id ） not 十動詞原形十 ”He did not go to the cinema last night昨晚他沒有去看電影。Do not waste your money不要浪費錢。He does not speak French他不說法語。注： never ， hardly ， scarcely， neither， nor ，no， none，nothing ，nobody 等詞表示否定意義。這些詞所構(gòu)成的句子相當于否定句，無需再加“not ”。如：I ll never forget the day when I joined the League我永遠忘不了我入團的那一天。We co

9、uld hardly（或scarcely） understand his English我們幾乎聽不懂他的英語。None of the answers is（或 are ） correct所有的答案都不正確。Nothing will prevent him from carrying out the plan沒有任何事情能阻止他執(zhí)行這項計劃。2. 疑問句 (Interrogative Sentences)用來提出疑問， 句末用問號 “？”。疑問句的語序一般都部分倒裝，即把謂語中的be（如is ， are等）、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞等放到主語之前。當謂語由行為動詞單獨構(gòu)成時，則須在主語前面加助動詞do

10、（或 does， did 等）。疑問句有下列4 種形式：（ 1）一般疑問句 (General Questions)通常要求用yes 或 no 來回答，句末通常用升調(diào)。如：Are you in Senior Grade One？你是在高中一年級嗎？Is there anybody in the room？房間里有人嗎？Does he speak English？他說英語嗎？。3歡迎下載精品文檔Have you considered our plan？你考慮過我們的計劃了嗎？注 1：對一般疑問句進行肯定回答，除了可以用yes 之外，還可以用下列詞語： certainly（一定），of course

11、（當然），please do（請便好了）， with pleasure （好的）， if you please （隨你便）， quite so（相當對）， exactly （正是如此） ， quite right( 完全對 ) ， I think so（我想是這樣的） ， yes ， if you like（是啊，隨意好了） ， by all means（完全可以，務(wù)必這樣）等。注 2：英語用否定句形式提問時，回答仍可把它視為肯定句形式的問句來回答。但譯成漢語時，差別很大。如：Haventyou been to the United States？你沒有去過美國吧？Yes， I have 不，

12、我去過。No， I haven t是，我沒去過。（ 2）特殊疑問句 (Special Questions)疑問詞出現(xiàn)在疑問句之前構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，句末通常用降調(diào)。這時句子中主語、謂語仍按一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)的特點，需要部分倒裝，但當主語是疑問代詞或受疑問詞修飾時，主語、謂語則不倒裝。如：What is the reason for your being late？你遲到的原因何在？（句中what 作表語）Where are you going？你上哪去？How long have you studied English？你學英語有多久了？Who has read the book？誰讀過這本書？Whi

13、ch English books were bought by you yesterday？你昨天買了那些英語書？注 1：如果特殊疑問句中插入類似一般疑問句形式出現(xiàn)的插入句，則特殊疑問句本身的主語、謂語仍按正常陳述語序排列，不用倒裝。如：How many Englishnovelsdid she say she had read ？她說她讀過幾本英文小說？（句中 did she say為插入句，特殊疑問句中的主語she 和助動詞had 為正常語序）What do you think should be done first？你認為應(yīng)該先做什么？do you think為插入句）注 2：名詞從句

14、（如主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等）用疑問詞引導時，其后面的主語、謂語不必倒裝，因為這不是問句，不要求對方回答。如：When well leave for Beijing has not been decided yet我們什么時候去北京還沒有決定。（主語從句中we ll leave為正常語序）。4歡迎下載精品文檔I wonder why he failed in the physics exam我不知道他物理考試為什么不及格。（賓語從句中he failed為正常語序）That was how they won the footballmatch他們就是這樣贏得這場足球比賽的。（表語從句中th

15、ey won為正常語序）(3) 選擇疑問句 (Alternative Questions)句型結(jié)構(gòu)和一般疑問句相同，只是句子中用連詞or 提供兩個或更多個選擇方案。語調(diào)通常前升后降。如：Are you doing this exercise or that one？你在做這道練習還是做那道？Will you go out or stay here？你是出去還是留在這里？Do you work in Guilin or Manning？你在桂林還是在南寧工作？（ 4）反意疑問句 (Disjunctive Questions)提問者先提出情況和看法， 然后問對方是否同意。 在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上前部分為陳述

16、句， 后部分為前面部分的簡短問句。 如果前部分是肯定句， 后面的簡短問句則為否定式； 如果前部分為否定句，后面簡短問句則為肯定式。如：She is a famous actress， isn tshe ？她是著名的演員，對不？He hasn tbeen abroad， has he ？他沒有出過國，是嗎？They said nothing about it， did they？關(guān)于這件事他們沒有說什么，對嗎？注：反意疑問句的14 種特殊句型：在由“祈使句十疑問部分”構(gòu)成的反意疑問句中，疑問部分通常用will you， wontyou， would you ，有時也可用can you ，can

17、tyou ，why don tyou ， could you等，但不能用 do，即使祈使句中有助動詞do 時也是這樣。如：Pass me the dictionary， will（或 would ）you ？把詞典遞給我好嗎？Dontdo that again, will you？別再做那件事好嗎？在含有 let的祈使句后的反意疑問部分，如果 let的賓語 us 包括聽者 （常寫為lets）時用 shall we，不包括聽者（常寫為let us）時用 will you。 let的賓語是me時，要根據(jù)意思用will you或 may I 。 let的賓語是第三人稱時用Will you。如：Let

18、 s go for a walk， shall we？我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?？Let us do it by ourselves， will you？讓我們自己做這件事好嗎？Let me have a look at your photo， will you？（你）讓我看看你的照片好嗎？Let him speak first, will you？（你）讓他先說好嗎？。5歡迎下載精品文檔當陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞must 時，反意疑問部分要根據(jù)must 的意思不同而有所變化、如果 must 表示“必須”或“有必要”時，反意疑問部分用mustn t 或 needn t。如：I must hand in my

19、exercise book now， mustntI (或 needn tI）？我現(xiàn)在必須交練習本，是嗎？如果 mustnt 表示“禁止”時，疑問部分一般用must.You mustn ttake the magazine out of the reading-room， must you ？你一定不要把雜志帶出閱覽室，好嗎？若 must 表示“想必” 、“一定”等推測意義時，則疑問部分不用must,而要根據(jù)must之后的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)及含義使用相應(yīng)的動詞形式。如：He must be your English teacher， isn the ？他一定是你們的英語老師，不是嗎？The profes

20、sor must be working in the laboratory， isn the ？教授一定在實驗室里工作，是嗎？Chinese must have the largest number of speakers， doesn tit？說又語的人數(shù)一定是最多的，不是嗎？You must have been there before， havent you ？你以前肯定到過那里，是嗎？He must have read the book yesterday， didn the ？他昨天一定讀了那本書，不是嗎？當陳述部分的主語為nothing ，anything ，everything等

21、不定代詞時， 反意疑問部分主語用 it 。如：Nothing could prevent him from going there， could it？什么也不能阻止他去那里，對嗎？如果陳述部分的主語為nobody ，somebody，none ，someone，no one，anyone，anybody ，everyone 等不定代詞，反意疑問部分主語用they 或 he 。如：Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday， didn tthey he？昨天有人拿走了我的雨傘，是嗎？當陳述部分帶有that從句作賓語時，反意疑問部分應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語一致。

22、陳述部分是I think， I suppose， I believe時，反意疑問部分應(yīng)與that從句的主語和謂語一致。如：He said his father had been sent to hospital， didn the ？他說他父親已送去醫(yī)院了，是嗎？。6歡迎下載精品文檔I think hell come to help us with our work， won the ？我想他會來幫助我們工作，是嗎？I believe you have met each other before， haven tyou ？我相你們以前彼此見過面，對嗎？I suppose they are wa

23、iting for us now， aren tthey？我猜想他們正在等我們，是嗎？在英語口語中，由neithernor ， neither or來連接主語時，反意疑問部分的主語用 they 。如：Neither of them knew his address， did they？他們沒人知道他的地址，對嗎？如果陳述部分是I am ，反意疑問部分用aren tI。如：I m late ，aren tI？我遲到了，是不是？當陳述部分為感嘆句時， 反意疑問部分用否定形式，主語仍與感嘆句的主語一致。如：What a fine day today， isntit ？今天天氣多么好，是嗎？當陳述部分

24、含有wish 時，反意疑問部分助動詞用may。如：I wish to use your dictionary, may I？我想用一下你的詞典，行嗎？當陳述部分含有you d better， you d liketo 時，反意疑問部分分別用hadn tyou ，wouldn tyou 。如：Youd better take his advice, hadntyou？你最好還是聽他的建議，好嗎？Youd like to go to the party, wouldntyou ？你想去參加晚會，是嗎？當陳述部分含有have to 時，反意疑問部分助動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)have 的變化，分別用 dont，do

25、esnt， didn t。如：I have to take this medicine，dontI？我必須把這藥吃下，是嗎？當陳述部分是 there be句型時，反意疑問部分用be there。如：There is something wrong with the machine， isn tthere？機器出了毛病，是嗎？There is no time left， is there ？沒有時間了，是不是？當陳述部分含有seldom ，hardly ， scarcely ，no， never ， rarely, few， little，nobody ， nowhere 等否定詞時，反意疑問部

26、分的動詞用肯定式。如：He hardly speaks English， does he ？他幾乎不會說英語，是吧？She seldom lends her money to others，dose she ？她很少把錢借給別人，是嗎？當陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或詞組時，反意疑問部分的主語通常用。7歡迎下載精品文檔it 。如：What he said at the meeting is very important， isn tit？他在會上所說的很重要，對嗎？To master a foreign language isnteasy， is it？掌握一門外語不容易，是嗎？Swi

27、mming in rivers is a good sport， isn tit？在江河游泳是一項好運動，是嗎？如果陳述句部分含有un- ， in- ， im- ， ir-， dis- 等否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞時，該陳述句部分仍作肯定處理，疑問部分用否定形式。如：He dislikes chicken， doesnthe ？他不喜歡吃雞肉，是嗎？3. 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences)祈使句用來提出請求、命令等，它的謂語動詞用原形，否定形式在動詞原形前加dont（=do not ），主語 you 常省略。如：Be careful！ 小心！Dontbe late for scho

28、ol again！上學別再遲到！Remember me to your parents, please！請代我向你父母問候！Please don tmake so much noise！請勿喧嘩！下面的句子也是祈使句，用以表示祝愿、建議。如：Long live the Peoples Republic of China！中華人民共和國萬歲！May you succeed 祝你成功。對于第一、三人稱的祈使句，一般要加let ，而把主語變?yōu)橘e語。Let s（ =Let us ） help the blind walk across the road讓我們幫助盲人過馬路。Dontlet him sa

29、y that！不要讓他那樣說！4. 感嘆句 (Exclamatory Sentences)感嘆句用來表示強烈的感情，常用 what 和 how 引出強調(diào)的部分并且放在句首（ what 修飾名詞， how修飾形容詞、副詞） 。如：What a tall building (it is)!多高的樓啊！How tall the building is!這座樓多么高啊！How beautifully she is dancing!她的舞跳得多美??！What a mistake (it is) to have refused his invitation!拒絕他的邀請是個多大的錯誤??！How time

30、flies!時間過得多快??！。8歡迎下載精品文檔鞏固練習一、把下列句子變成一般疑問句和否定句：1. She found the work very easy.2. He can work out the maths problem himself.3. You must hand in your exercise book now.4. He dares to tell the truth.5. The classroom needs cleaning.6. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.二、對畫線部分進行提問：1. T

31、hat is my exercise book.2. The first one is better.3. There are nine cities in this province.4. This magazine comes out every other week.5. They have lived here for more than ten years.6. I go to see my uncle once a week.7. Tom often goes to school on foot.8. They will graduate from school in two mo

32、nths.9. My home is only about half an hours ride from here.10. The dictionary cost me fifty Yuan.11. He drove his car at the speed of l00 kilometers an hour.12. Toms bicycle is made in China.13. He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.14. He was talking to his father when I saw him.15.

33、These workers all live near their factory.16. The Peoples Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949.17. Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English both in and out of class.18. I would like to choose this dictionary.三、完成下列反義疑問句：1. There will be a sports meet at the end of th

34、is month,?。9歡迎下載精品文檔2.I dont suppose that he will come in time,?3.They must have gone there two days ago,?4.We must go right now,?5.Wed better ask the teacher for advice,?6.He has never been to America, ?7.The manager has a meeting every Monday,?8.They could hardly believe his words,?9.She used to l

35、ike fish,?10.He can speak three foreign languages,?11.You have nothing else to say,?12.There was no water in the glass,?13.Mary knows something about it,?14.He stayed at home yesterday,?15.She seldom goes out on weekends,?16.Everyone likes to live a happy life,?17.I didnt believe that he has failed

36、the English exam,?18.Have a cup of coffee,?19.Lets go out,?20.You have to go to see a doctor,?2l. He must be a worker,?22.Nothing could make him change his mind,?23.I think hell be back in a month.?24.Neither of them knew the way,?25.Im late,?26.Dont forget it,?27.What a good book,?28.What they need

37、 is more practice,?29.To learn English well isnt easy,?30.She dislikes maths,?四、把下列句子變成祈使句：。10歡迎下載精品文檔1. You must be careful with your pronunciation.2. I want Tom to fetch me a cup of tea.3. We should ask our teacher for advice.4. You should not forget to bring your exercise book next time!5. You go

38、 and ask him to keep his promise.6. You should always keep this in mind.7. You mustnt play football in the street.五、把下列句子變?yōu)楦袊@句：1.He is a clever boy.What！How！2.It is fine weather today.What！How！3.It is an interesting story.What！How！4.He is an honest man.What！How！5.The building is very high.What！How！6

39、.Thats a good idea.What！How！7. He is very diligent.8. It is a great pity.9. She loves her students dearly.10. We are very lucky to be the students of the famous professor.。11歡迎下載精品文檔11. He has drawn a very beautiful picture.12. Your mother is very kind.13. The moon is shining brightly.14. We work ve

40、ry hard.15. Guilin is a beautiful city.16. I was foo1ish to think like that.六、指出下列簡單句各屬于五種句型中的哪一種：第一種：主語 +連系動詞 +表語（ S+V+P）第二種：主語+不及物動詞（S+V）第三種：主語+及物動詞 +賓語（ S+V+O）第四種：主語+及物動詞 +間接賓語 +直接賓語（ S+V+IO+DO）第五種：主語+及物動詞 +賓語 +賓語補足語（S+V+O+OC）1. Madame Curies motherland was Poland.2. Jack became a skilled taxi-dr

41、iver soon.3. The world is changing.4. Advertisements go everywhere.5. A single egg in the mothers body forms identical twins.6. The temple needs cleaning and repairing.7. The doctor taught the gymnast (體操運動員) how to protect his own body.8. The boy told the policeman where he lived.9. The two men beh

42、ind will not let him escape.10. The air in loose snow keeps the animals warm.參考答案：一、1. Did she find the work very easy? She didnt find the work very easy.2. Can he work out the maths problem himself? He cant work out the maths problem himself.3. Must I hand in my exercise book now?You neednt hand in

43、 your exercise book now.。12歡迎下載精品文檔4. Does he dare to tell the truth? He doesnt dare to tell the truth.5. Dees the classroom need cleaning? The classroom doesnt need cleaning.6. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?They didnt go for a walk after supper yesterday evening.二、1. Whose e

44、xercise book is that?2. Which one is better?3. How many cities are there in this province?4. How often does this magazine come out?5. How long have they lived here?6. How often do you go to see your uncle?7. How does Tom often go to school?8. How soon will they graduate from school?9. How far is you

45、r home from here?10. How much did the dictionary cost you?11. How fast did he drive his car?12. Whose bicycle is made in China?13. Why didnt he come to school yesterday?14. What was be doing when you saw him?15. Where do these workers live?16. When was the Peoples Republic of China founded?17. Who i

46、s always encouraging you to speak English both in and out of class?18. Which dictionary would you like to choose?三、1. wont there2.will he3.didntthey4. mustntwe 5.hadntwe6.has he 7.doesnt he 8.could they9.didntshe10. cant he 11. haveyou 12.was there 13. doesnt she14.didnt he15.does she16.doesnt he/do

47、nt they17.has he 18.will you19.shall we20.dontyou 21.isnthe 22. couldit23.wonthe 24.didthey 25.arentI26.。13歡迎下載精品文檔will you 27.isnt it 28.isnt it 29. is it 30.doesnt she四、1. Be careful with your pronunciation2. Fetch me a cup of tea, Tom.！ (Do be careful with your pronunciation!)3. Let s ask our tea

48、cher for advice.4. Dont forget to bring your exercise book next time.5. Go and ask him to keep his promise.6. Always keep this in mind.7. Dont play football in the street.五、1. What a clever boy he is! How clever the boy is!2. What fine weather it is today! How fine the weather is today!3. What an in

49、teresting story it is! How interesting the story is!4. What an honest man he is! How honest the man is!5. What a high bui1ding it is! How high the building is!6. What a good idea that is!How good the idea is!7. How diligent he is!8. What a (great) pity!9. How dearly she loves her students!10. How lucky we are to be the students of the famous professor!11. What a beautiful picture he has drawn!12. How kind your mother is!13. How brightly the moon is shining!14. How