1、中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)、知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、題型及做題策略技巧一詞匯測(cè)試1.詞匯是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的根底.詞匯識(shí)記和積累是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的根本要求.2 .在句子層面理解和應(yīng)用詞匯,正確理解具體語(yǔ)境中的詞匯.3 .備考：抓住詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵要素；切忌孤立譯.4.測(cè)試形式：1同義替換含詞匯和短語(yǔ)8個(gè)；2詞匯釋義,3或4個(gè)；3情景猜詞,4或3個(gè).二語(yǔ)法填空1.著重語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,實(shí)詞、虛詞結(jié)合2 .在語(yǔ)篇層面考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞匯應(yīng)用.3 .語(yǔ)篇長(zhǎng)度150-200詞,文體不限.4 .易雄題比例為7: 3.5.填入的詞可以是單個(gè)詞,也可能多個(gè)詞.6.備考：熟知語(yǔ)法規(guī)那么；增強(qiáng)詞性和句子成分意識(shí).7.測(cè)試形式：無(wú)提示詞填空3-4個(gè),給出提

2、示詞填空7-6個(gè).三完形填空1.抓住文中的行文脈絡(luò),正確理解上下文語(yǔ)境是關(guān)鍵.2 .從結(jié)構(gòu)正確,語(yǔ)法正確,詞義辨析,情感色彩等方面去選擇 最正確答案,而不僅僅是 止 確答案.3 .備考：根本的語(yǔ)篇意識(shí),利用詞匯連貫上下文是根底.四閱讀理解1.選材：題材與體裁多樣化,閱讀量適中.4 .備考：增強(qiáng)對(duì)不同題材的熟悉；了解不同題型的解題技巧.五書面表達(dá)1.題目：選取的話題一般貼近實(shí)際生活或者社會(huì)時(shí)事,體裁較為多樣化.2.備考：多寫多練多記；從根本句子結(jié)構(gòu)正確,句意完整,篇章結(jié)構(gòu)合理,內(nèi)容要點(diǎn) 齊全,高級(jí)詞匯和復(fù)雜句的使用等方面去逐步提升自身的寫作水平.二、專題及對(duì)應(yīng)知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析題型分值考查水平難度系數(shù)聽(tīng)

3、說(shuō)15聽(tīng)說(shuō)綜合水平同義詞選擇填空15同義詞詞轉(zhuǎn)換水平,要求考生的日常積 累中注意同義詞,而/、是死記硬背單詞.語(yǔ)法選擇填空10語(yǔ)法綜合知識(shí),包括詞法、句法和特殊 句型等.完形填空15語(yǔ)篇閱讀水平.另外對(duì)于固定搭配的掌 握以及語(yǔ)法的靈活運(yùn)用要求也很高.閱讀理解30語(yǔ)篇閱讀水平,通過(guò)快速閱讀篩選有用 信息的水平.書面表達(dá)15寫作表達(dá)水平三、中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一名詞1 .名詞的分類：根據(jù)用法,名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類1可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的區(qū)別,需要掌握規(guī)那么名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成2以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加 s變復(fù)數(shù)：如： two Marysthe He

4、nrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比擬： 層樓： storey -storeys故事：story-stories3以o結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.力口 s,如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos；b.力口 es,支口： potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes4以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)常去 f, fe加ves：如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves2 .名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)那么變化1 c

5、hild-childrenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-menwoman-women 注意：與 man和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women.如：an Englishman, two Englishmen.但 German 不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans Bowman 是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是 the Bowmans.2單復(fù)數(shù)同形如：deer, sheep fish, Chinese, Japanese li 里,jin 斤,yuan 元,mu 畝如：two li , three mu, four jin注意：人民幣元、角、分

6、屬于上述情況,但美元、英鎊、法郎等貨幣單位除外,這些詞都有復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：a dollar, two dollars； a meter, two meters3以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞如：a. maths, politics, physics等作為學(xué)科名詞時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù).b. news是不可數(shù)名詞.c. the United States the United Nations 為一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu),應(yīng)視為單數(shù).The United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是 1945 年組建起來(lái)的.d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù).The

7、Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事書.4表示由兩局部構(gòu)成的東西,如：glasses眼鏡trousers.clotheSf表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair對(duì),雙;suit套;a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers5另外還有一些名詞,即可做不可數(shù)名詞也可做可數(shù)名詞,但意思不相同.單詞可數(shù)名詞意思/、口數(shù)名詞意思單詞可數(shù)名詞意思/、口數(shù)名詞意思work作品著作；工作German德國(guó)人德語(yǔ)wood森林木頭Japanese日本人日語(yǔ)time次數(shù)；倍數(shù)時(shí)間life生命生活；人生l

8、ight燈光線paper報(bào)紙?jiān)嚲?；紙room房間空間exercise練習(xí)運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉glass玻璃杯玻璃chicken小雞雞肉fish魚種類魚肉orange橙汁6 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)并使用的名詞：clothes, people, trousers, glasses, scissors, thanks,congratulations, wishes, police, stairs樓梯,works著作,woods森林,times時(shí)代3 .不可數(shù)名詞量的表示,可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量.如：a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of cake4 .修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞有：many, few

9、, a few, a number of,數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：much, little, a little, a great deal of即可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：some any, no, a lot of5 .定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)即名詞修飾名詞名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外.1用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ).如：sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室2 man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)：其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.如： men workerswomen teachers3數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保存單數(shù)形式.如：tw

10、o-dozen eggs 兩打/二十四個(gè)雞蛋a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹 a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年方案6.名詞的格1有生命的人、物及其他名詞的所有格在詞尾加“s ,如the boy s bO修的書包2假設(shè)名詞詞尾已有-s ,只加如：Teachers Day the twins parentsh e students books3時(shí)間、距離、地域等名詞的所有格形式為-stoday s newspapeiten minutes waBke city s problem4在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不

11、出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞如：the barbers 理發(fā)店 at my aunt s housego to the doctor s5凡不能加“s的名詞,都可以用“名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系如：the title of the song 歌的名字 the window of the house6如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有s,那么表示“分別有；只有一個(gè)s,那么表示“共有如：Johns and Marys rooms 兩間John and Marys room 問(wèn)7雙重所有格形式a novel of Mark Twin afriend of my father s / mine二代詞1.人

12、稱代詞1人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ),例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了.注意：在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從何主語(yǔ)相同,代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中,名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中,例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.2人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語(yǔ).例如：I saw her with them.her做賓語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ)- -Who broke the vase?-誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？- -Me.-我.me

13、= Its me.在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為I.附：賓格代替主格的情況：a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not后,多用賓語(yǔ).- -I like English.-我喜歡英語(yǔ).-Me too.-我也喜歡.- -Have more wine?-再來(lái)點(diǎn)灑喝嗎？-Not me.-我可不要了.b.在表示比擬的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格.但如果比擬狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保存,那么 主語(yǔ)只能用主格.He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.3動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時(shí)也用he, she帶有親切的感情色彩.Give the cat some fo

14、od. She is hungry.給這貓一些吃的.她餓了.4指代車或國(guó)家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時(shí)常用shaa.單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋簓ou, he / she and IYou, he and I should return on time.b.復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?we, you and they- 注意：在成認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承當(dāng)責(zé)任時(shí),第一人稱放在前面.It was I and John that made her angry.是我和約翰惹她生氣了.- it的主要用法：可以表示天氣,時(shí)間,距離,形式主語(yǔ),形式賓語(yǔ),身份等.2 .物主代詞人的：包括形容詞性的物主代詞和名

15、詞性的物主代詞.名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+名詞3 .反身代詞：1增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,“自己,親自“,本人2用在一些動(dòng)詞后,表示主語(yǔ)既是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,也是動(dòng)作的承受者.常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有： teach, dress, help, look after, enjoy, hurt, wash4 .不定代詞1） none of方旨人或物答復(fù) how many / much的問(wèn)題nobody, no one 指人 nothing 指物2） one指人或物,復(fù)數(shù)為ones, that指物不可數(shù)名詞,it指代前面提到的物體.I have got a nice watch. Would you l

16、ike to buy one? a watchI have got a nice watch. Do you like it? the watchThe weather here is better than that in Beijing. the weather3三者或三者以上：all 全部,者B any 任何一個(gè)none個(gè)也沒(méi)有 兩者：both 全部,都either 任意一個(gè)neither 一個(gè)也沒(méi)有*Neither of us is from the USA.None of us have / has ever been there before.注意：not與both, all連用表

17、示局部否認(rèn).4） some用于肯定句中,也可用于表示請(qǐng)求、建議或希望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問(wèn)句中any用于疑問(wèn)旬、否認(rèn)旬中；還有 任何的意思5） another泛指“另一個(gè)the other常與 one連用,表示兩者中的另一個(gè)： onethe other others泛指別的,其他的the others特指別的,其他的有范圍限制the others = the other + 名詞else放在合成不定代詞或疑問(wèn)詞之后6） every +名詞,只能做定語(yǔ)三者或三者以上each兩者或兩者以上的 每一,可以單獨(dú)使用常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)：each of+名詞/代詞；each other7合成不定代詞的用法略注意：形容

18、詞修飾不定代詞,放在不定代詞后面.8 many, few, a few +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much, little, a little+不可數(shù)名詞注意：little作形容詞,小的a little還可以修飾形容詞和副詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)三數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞.表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞.1 .基數(shù)詞1基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法：345three hundred and forty-five；2基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但以下情況,常用復(fù)數(shù)：a.與of短語(yǔ)連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如hundreds of;b.表示幾十歲；in his for

19、tiesc.表示年代,用 in +the + 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；in the 1980s / 1980 s2 .數(shù)詞1數(shù)詞的不規(guī)那么變化及縮寫形式：first-1stsecond-2ndthird 3rdfifth 5thninthtwelfth twentiethtwenty-first-21st2序數(shù)詞前通常使用定冠詞the,但有時(shí)使用不定冠詞a, an,表示又一,再一 如：Try it again, please.When I sat down a third man came in.3 .數(shù)詞的用法1倍數(shù)表示法a.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+ as + adj. + asI have three

20、times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多.b.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) + 倍數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)+ the size amount, length of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的 49 倍.c.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)+形容詞副詞比擬級(jí)+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%.d.用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased b

21、y four times this year.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了 4倍.2分?jǐn)?shù)表示法：基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母.分子等于1時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)；分子大于1時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：1/3 -one-third ; 2/3 -two thirds.四冠詞：冠詞包括定冠詞the和不定冠詞a, an兩類.冠詞不能單獨(dú)使用,通 常用在名詞前面,幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義.1 .不定冠詞a, an的用法：1常放在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前面,表示的概念,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈.An interesting story book; a small boy; There s a kite in the tree.2

22、放在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,表示一類人或物.3用在固定短語(yǔ)中.2 .定冠詞the與指示代詞this, that同源,有 那這個(gè)這些,那些的意思,但較 弱,放在名詞前,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西.1特指雙方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine. 把藥吃了.2上文提到過(guò)的人或事：He bought a house.Ive been to the house.3指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物：the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth4與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人：the rich 富人, the living 生者5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞,only

23、, very, same等前面：Where do you live?I live on the second floor你住在哪？我住在二層.Thats the very thing Ive been looking for那正是我要找的東西.He is the only person who knows the secret是唯一知道秘密的人.6用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前：the People s Republic of Chi借人民共和國(guó)the United State/國(guó)7用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前：She can play the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴

24、.8用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人：the Green郝林一家人或格林夫婦9用在慣用語(yǔ)中：in the day, in the morning afternoon, evening,the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky water field , country, in the dark, in the rain,in the distance,in the middle of,in the end, on the whole,by the way注意：在 sun , moo

25、n, breakfas待之前有形容詞時(shí),可用a, an=如：a full moon3 .不用冠詞的情況：1國(guó)名,人名前通常不用冠詞：England, Mary；2泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞；They are teachers.他們是教師.3抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞；Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母.4物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞；Man cannot live without water. 人離開水就無(wú)法生存.5在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不

26、加冠詞；We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課.6在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞；The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里.7在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞；如：have breakfast play chess8重疊運(yùn)用的名詞短語(yǔ)前常省去冠詞；from house to house, neck and neck, hour after hour, one by one9在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中注意：以下一些短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別有定冠詞時(shí),表示相

27、關(guān)處所或地點(diǎn),沒(méi)有定冠詞時(shí),表示與相關(guān)處所有關(guān)的活動(dòng)或功能. 如：go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital去醫(yī)院并不是去看病,而是有其他目的in front of in / at the front ofin hospitalin the hospitalat table at the tablein classin the classby seaby the seago to schoolgo to the schoola number ofthe number of*兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西.He raises a black and a wh

28、ite ca他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓.The black and the white cats are her這只黑貓和白貓都是他的.*如后一個(gè)形容詞無(wú)冠詞,那么指一物.He raises a black and white ca他養(yǎng)了一只花貓.4.冠詞的位置1不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前.注意：a.位于以下形容詞之后：such, what, many, half,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b.當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞 as, so, too, how, however, enough飾時(shí),不

29、定冠詞應(yīng)放在形 容詞之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a way.c. quite, rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后.如：quite a nice picture2定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all, both, double, half,twice, three times等詞之后,名詞之前.All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了.五形容詞和副詞1 .形容詞的用法：形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物

30、或人的性質(zhì)或特征.也可以放在聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞 后面作表語(yǔ).1直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ).That s a heavy b誕偌He s very happy to come hereinThe good news made me very happy集語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2有些形容詞是表語(yǔ)形容詞.這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾.例如：afraid害怕的 alone單獨(dú),單獨(dú)asleep睡著的川 生病的.He is an 川 man.錯(cuò) The man is ill. 對(duì)She is an afraid girl.錯(cuò) The

31、 girl is afraid. 對(duì)這類形容詞還有：well 身體好的unwell 身體不舒適的；alike相象的,alive活著的,awake醒著的等3形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊.但是如果形容詞修飾 something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代詞時(shí), 要放 在這些詞之后,例如：something nicea.大局部形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞.但friendly友好的,lovely可愛(ài)的,lonely孤單的, lively熱鬧的,有生氣的,活潑的等仍為形容詞.She sang lovely.錯(cuò)Her singing was l

32、ovely.對(duì)He spoke to me very friendly.錯(cuò)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.對(duì)b.某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接.如：the dead, the living , the rich, the poor, the blind, the hungry如:The poor are losing hope.c.有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用.the British, the English, the French, the Chinese.The English ha

33、ve wonderful sense of humor.4.多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí), 其順序?yàn)椋?限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色-出處-材料性質(zhì),類別-名詞 a small round table a dirty old brown shirta tall gray building a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例題：1） Tony is going camping with boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two oth

34、er little D.little other two答案：Co由限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞-大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色性質(zhì)名詞的公 式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有 C符合答案.2） One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案：Ao幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,他們的排列順序是：年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞.3） - How was your recent

35、 visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.1 . few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B.此題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題.一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的放在后,在不 能確定時(shí),可參照下表：a.限定詞+數(shù)量詞序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、上下等形體+ those

36、+ three + beautiful + large + squareb.新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞01d + brown + wood + table副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容 詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu).2 .副詞的用法：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其它副詞,在句中做狀語(yǔ)3 .形容詞和副詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞性質(zhì)形容詞和副詞有比擬級(jí)和最高 級(jí)的變化,即原級(jí)、比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí),用來(lái)表示事物的等級(jí)差異.原級(jí)即形容詞和副詞 的原形,比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)那么變化和不規(guī)那么變化兩種.1掌握比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式；2單音節(jié)形容詞及局部雙音節(jié)次加er, est;3局部雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞前面加 more, m

37、ost或less, least構(gòu)成；4不規(guī)那么變化形式：原級(jí)比擬級(jí)最高級(jí)good / wellbetterbestbad/badly/川worseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest4 .使用比擬級(jí)時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題：1在比擬級(jí)前可以使用以下一些單詞或短語(yǔ)加以修飾：much, a little, even, far, a bit, still, a 10t 等數(shù)詞+量詞也可以修飾比擬級(jí)如：He is two years younger than I

38、.還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ).This room is twice as big as that one.2要防止重復(fù)使用比擬級(jí)錯(cuò)He is more cleverer than his brother.對(duì)He is more clever than his brother.或 He is clever than his brother.3要防止將主語(yǔ)含在比擬對(duì)象中.錯(cuò)China is larger that any country in Asia.對(duì)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.4不含than的形容詞和副詞比擬級(jí)

39、前可以加不定冠詞a, ana / an +比擬級(jí)+名詞How fast he runs. I ve never seen a better runner.比擬級(jí)前加定冠詞the表示特指.Tom is the taller of the two brothers.5 ) than后面可以用主格,也可以用賓格.但有時(shí)也有區(qū)別.I m taller than he / him.I like the boy than her.比擬：I like the boy than she.5.比擬級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型：1)比擬級(jí)+ and +比擬級(jí)越來(lái)越 2) the +比擬級(jí),the +比擬級(jí).越,就越3) asas

40、 和一樣；not as / so和as不一樣;不如中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)4) like . better than 和相比更喜歡5) 寧可也不. Prefer to do sth rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.prefer doing sth to doing sth.6) more B than A 與其說(shuō) A,不如說(shuō) B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.7) no more than 與一樣,不比多

41、The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than 與樣He is no less diligent than you.8) more than不只是,非常 She is more than kind to us all.9) 使用最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：1)形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級(jí)前可不用, 形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the,不表示最高級(jí)白含義,只表示非常過(guò)去式(Past Form)、過(guò)去分詞(Past Participle) 現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle).3 .動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)

42、態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞原形(第三人稱單數(shù))一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were+ 動(dòng)詞的一般將來(lái)時(shí)1. will +動(dòng)詞原形2. am/ is / are going to+動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1. would +動(dòng)詞原形2. was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have / has + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞注意：*各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法省略夫go, come, arrive, leave, move, di好動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可以表示對(duì)應(yīng)的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài).夫表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再做的事情用used to do4.

43、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1用法：動(dòng)作的承受者作句子的主語(yǔ).2 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：be +過(guò)去分詞掌握以下一些常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：a.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：am / is / are +過(guò)去分詞b.一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was / were+ 過(guò)去分詞c.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been 過(guò)去分詞d.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will be過(guò)去分詞或者be going to be +過(guò)去分詞3含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞4動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：to + be +過(guò)去分詞如：There are twenty more trees to be planted.5以下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表小被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).miss喪失,sell

44、 well銷路好,need / want doingMy bike is missing.This kind of food sells well. Your coat needs watering.6 happen, take place發(fā)生,last時(shí)續(xù),cost, hold咨納,have, like, feel, soun師起來(lái)等 詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式.如：Great changes have taken place in our school.The water can last three days.Silk feels soft and smooth.The cake looks nic

45、e.An accident happened to him.5.動(dòng)詞不定式：由to +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,有時(shí) to可以省略.在旬 中除了不能做謂語(yǔ)外,能夠作其他一切成分.還能擁有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成不定式 短語(yǔ).1動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能：* 做主語(yǔ)：常用It + be +形容詞+ of / for sb. + to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu).of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful 等f(wàn)or: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous 等* 做表語(yǔ)

46、：常用在等連系動(dòng)詞后面,假設(shè)主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)而表語(yǔ)很短,可以將兩者顛倒過(guò)來(lái).His job is to sell the computers.He seems to be interested in the detective stories.* 做狀語(yǔ)：表目的：She was here to visit her daughter.表原因：Im sorry to trouble you.表結(jié)果： The box is too heavy to carry.表示程度：This room is big enough to hold 200 people.* 做定語(yǔ)：放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后,假設(shè)它與所修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,這個(gè)不定式 應(yīng)為及物的.如：I was the first to come.I have no pens to write with.劭賓關(guān)系* 做賓語(yǔ)：常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：want, agree, choose, try,