1、英語句子概論英語句子概論句子成分句子成分句子分類句子分類 簡單句基本句型簡單句基本句型 一一. . 句子成分句子成分主語：主語：謂語：謂語：賓語：賓語：賓補：賓補：表語：表語：動作的發(fā)出者或句子所描述得對象。由動作的發(fā)出者或句子所描述得對象。由名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子充當(dāng)位于句首。句子充當(dāng)位于句首。發(fā)出的動作本身。由動詞或動詞詞組充發(fā)出的動作本身。由動詞或動詞詞組充當(dāng)當(dāng), , 位于主語后。位于主語后。動作行為的對象動作行為的對象, ,通常位于及物動詞和通常位于及物動詞和介詞后面。介詞后面。補補充賓語的成分充賓語的成分, ,通常位于賓語后通常位于賓

2、語后。由由形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等充當(dāng)。形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等充當(dāng)。說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征, ,位于系動詞之位于系動詞之后。后。定語定語狀語狀語同位語同位語插入語插入語定語：定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語找出下列句子中的定語：找出下列句子中的定語：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His r

3、apid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.總結(jié)：形容詞；分詞；名詞；代詞；不定式；動名總結(jié)：形容詞；分詞；名詞；代詞；不定式；動名詞；介詞短語；從句。詞；介詞

4、短語；從句。狀語：狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。通常由副詞，作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。通常由副詞，介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)510：方式；伴隨；目的；結(jié)果；讓步；比較同位語同位語: 對其前面的名詞代詞做進一步解釋對其前面的名詞代詞做進一步解釋. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入語插入語: 對一句話作一些附加的解釋對一句話作一些附加的解釋. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.二二. . 句子

5、分類句子分類1. He learns German. 2. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3. We sang and danced yesterday evening.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon. （一個主語和一個謂語）一個主語和一個謂語）（并列主語和一個謂語）并列主語和一個謂語）（一個主語和并列謂語）（一個主語和并列謂語）（并列主語和并列謂語）（并列主語

6、和并列謂語）1.1.主語主語+ +系動詞系動詞+ +表語（表語（ S+ Link.V+P S+ Link.V+P ）2.2.主語主語+ +不及物動詞不及物動詞 ( S + Vi. )( S + Vi. )3.3.主語主語+ +及物動詞及物動詞+ +賓語（賓語（S+Vt+OS+Vt+O）4.4.主語主語+ +及物動詞及物動詞+ +間接賓語間接賓語+ +直接賓語直接賓語 (S+Vt+O(S+Vt+Oi i+O+Od d) ) 5.5.主語主語+ +及物動詞及物動詞+ +賓語賓語+ +賓補賓補(S+Vt+O+C) (S+Vt+O+C) 狀態(tài)：狀態(tài)：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感

7、官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -變化：變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持續(xù)：持續(xù)：remain, stay, keep, continue -其其 它它系動詞系動詞 Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. Al

8、l the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker. Correct mistakes:1. Her voice sounds beautifully.2. The whole company was surprising at the news. 3. To see is believe.4. It seem like a good idea.5. The lights still on.6. All the potatoes changed bad.7. Jim was remained a worker.To believe;

9、seems; are still; went; 去掉去掉was判斷下列句子屬于哪種基本句型？判斷下列句子屬于哪種基本句型？1. I like my job very much.2. What do you want to be in the future ? 3. Each of you has a dream . 4. Our school lies in the center of Jin Shi. 5. You will graduate from it next year.6. Who can find me the eraser? =7. Pass me the salt. =8.

10、We saw him jump into the river.雙賓動詞有：雙賓動詞有：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, write, buy, cook, choose, find。Exercises:1.Is this raincoat yours? No, mine_ there behind the door. is hanging B. is hung C. hangs D. was hung 2. _ your head, and youll see the sun_ now. Raise;

11、rising Raise; raising C. To raise, rising D. Lift; being risen A A 3. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005年上海）年上海） A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent4. The heros story_ differently in the newspaper. （2005年全國年全國I、II） A. was reported B. wa

12、s reporting C. Reports D. reportedB A6. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （2005年天津）年天津） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 5. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official.（2005年江蘇）年江蘇） A.

13、to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be leftA D并列句并列句 含義：含義：二二. . 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：三三. . 分類：分類：由并列連詞由并列連詞andand，butbut，oror，forfor，soso等把兩個或等把兩個或兩個以上互不依從，但意思緊密聯(lián)系的簡單句連兩個以上互不依從，但意思緊密聯(lián)系的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。簡單句簡單句+ +并列連詞并列連詞+ +簡單句簡單句 表示同等關(guān)系的并列句表示同等關(guān)系的并列句： and; “和”、“并且”，也可不譯出來。例如：He likes playing

14、football and he plays well.他喜歡踢足球，并且踢得很好。 Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凱特相遇，我們成了朋友。 2. 2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句：but(but(但是但是) )，yet(yet(可是可是), however(), however(然而然而) )It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它沒有嘴巴，但是它會說話。 School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.學(xué)校放學(xué)了，可是老師們

15、仍然在工作。Its raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我們必須出去。 3. 3. 表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句表示選擇關(guān)系的并列句：or(或者，否則) (1)“或者”，表示選擇。 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema現(xiàn)在你可以休息，或者去看電影。(2)“否則”、“要不然”，表示條件。You must tell the truth，or you will be punished你必須說真話，否則你將會受到懲罰。 4. 4. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列句表示因果關(guān)系的并列句：forfor，

16、soso(1)for在意義上與從屬連詞because，since和as相同，但它們引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句。例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有許多好朋友，因為他是個誠實的男子漢。(2)so意為“因此”、“所以”，但不能與because同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。因為because是從屬連詞，而不是并列連詞，用來連接并列句。例如：Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老師回家鄉(xiāng)去了，所以王老師替二課。5. 表示對比關(guān)系的并列句：

17、表示對比關(guān)系的并列句：while(然而）；例如：He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想當(dāng)作家，而我則想當(dāng)科學(xué)家。6. 6. 其他形式的并列句其他形式的并列句 (1)“祈使句+and+簡單句”。祈使句表示一個條件，并列連詞and引導(dǎo)的簡單句則表示一個較好的結(jié)果，謂語常用一般將來時。Use your head, and you will find the solution 動腦筋，你就會想出解決辦法來。(2)“祈使句+or+簡單句”。祈使句表示一個條件，并列連詞or后的簡單句則表示一個不愉快或不理想的結(jié)果。Study

18、hard, or you Will fall behind the others 努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你就會落于別人。(3)“either.or”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不是就是”，“或者或者” Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我嬸嬸也可以做。習(xí)慣上將兩個句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.(4) “not onlybut also”“不僅而且”，Not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car. 不僅學(xué)生，而且他們的老師都誤了校車。(5) “neithernor