1、.錯綜時間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.if省略句在條件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study har

2、der.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機會，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你來得早點，你就能趕上公共汽車。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登

3、山去了。用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100萬元，你會做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。Without your help, we couldnt have finished the w

4、ork ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。含蓄條件句有時在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副詞)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,

5、or I would have known nothing about it. (連詞)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定語從句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (連詞)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))even if, even though也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與i

6、f 從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。虛擬語氣(2)虛擬語氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建議、請求、命令、愿望等動詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律名詞從句虛擬句無論其主句的謂語動詞時何種形式，從句的謂語形式均為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見的這類動詞有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建議, command命令, demand要求，r

7、equest請求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer寧愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide決定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老師建議我們不要離開教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他堅持她馬上就做。在It is/was +

8、上述動詞的-ed形式+that從句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語，引導(dǎo)一個表語從句或者同位語從句時My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建議我們明早動身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 在It is /was necessary, important等形容詞+that從句中，常見的這

9、類形容詞有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要參加會議。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必須按時到達那兒。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that從句中It is a pity that you fail the exa

10、m.It is no wonder he be late for class.虛擬語氣(3)虛擬語氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語從句中對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去時I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能夠年輕一點。對過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時(had done)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我當(dāng)時在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我當(dāng)時沒參加那個聚會。對將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“would/could+動詞原形”I

11、wish he could explain what he means.在if only感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (對將來的虛擬)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (對現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個子要是能高一點就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (對過去的虛擬)要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去時I really dont

12、like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起來就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實相反，謂語用過去完成時He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時在場一樣。有時也用陳述語氣，這時表示較大的真實性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天變黑了，似乎就要下

13、雨了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去過美國。在would rather結(jié)構(gòu)中would rather do sth. 表示將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆著。would rather have done sth. 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實際上沒有做”She would rather not have gone to the p

14、arty. 她覺得真是不該去參加那個晚會。would rather sb. Did 表示的是將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿讓另外一個人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就別來了，我希望你下周末過來。would rather sb. had done 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實際上沒有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)從句中

15、從句中用過去時，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱們應(yīng)該開始干活了。練習(xí)題1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had readC. should have read D. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB. had co

16、me; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would beC. have been D. had been4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speak D. to speak5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long

17、 time.A. was B. wereC. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could goC. ha

18、ve goneD. could have gone8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will youB. should youC. would you D. do you9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.A. knew B. knowsC. has known D. had known10._ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite ofC.

19、 In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had metC. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teachC. has taught D. would teach13.I would h

20、ave told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. was D. would be14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behind D. would fallen behind15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.A. had rainedB

21、. would have rainedC. have seen D. rained16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting.A. should B. wouldC. do D. had17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time.A.

22、had had B. have hadC. had D. would have had19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike?A. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decided D. shall decide against20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleep B. went to sleepC. go to bed D. went to bed21.Why didnt you buy a new car?

23、 I would have bought one if I _ enough money.A. had B. have hadC. would have D. had had22.If she could sew, _.A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat23._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leavingC. Were he

24、to leave D. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25.The Bakers arrived last night. If theyd only let us know earlier,_ at the station.A. wed meet them B. well meet themC. wed have met them D. weve met them26.If I _ you, I _ more att

25、ention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will payC. would be; would pay D. were; would pay27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not given D. did not give28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year

26、.A. has B. hadC. have D. will have29.It is strange that he _ so.A. would say B. would speakC. should sayD. will speak30.Had I known her name, _A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.31.He has just arrived, but he talks as i

27、f he _ all about that.A. know B. knowsC. known D. knew32.If I _ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessed B. ownedC. had D. had had33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting.A. would come B. cameC. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists that John _

28、 no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.A. will take B. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _ so early.A. didnt leave B. hadnt leftC. havent left D. couldnt leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time.A. had B. di

29、dnt haveC. had had D. have37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have hadC. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock.A. be B. to beC. would be D. shall be39.Helen couldnt go to France a

30、fter all. Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _.A. shes gone B. shell goC. shed gone D. shed go40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hour before the discussion begins.A. go B. shall goC. will go D. would go1. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont

31、worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.北:A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not（北京24 ）2. - Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?- I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (福建25)A. will B. must C. may D. can3. -No one _ be compar

32、ed with Yao Ming in playing basketball. -Oh, you are really his big fan. (湖南 28)A. can B. need C. must D. might4. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. (遼寧 21)A. can B. may C. must D. will5. If you smoke, please go outside. (全國卷 8) A. can B. should C. must D. may 6.- Will you read me a

33、 story ,Mummy? - OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. ( 陜西 24)A. might B. must C. could D. shall7. - Hows your new babysitter? - We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (浙江 11) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt8. - Why didnt you come to Simons party last n

34、ight?- I want to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should (重慶 25)9. The police still have I found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. can B. may C. must D. should (四川 20)10. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (新課標(biāo) 3

35、2)A. will B. can C. must D. should11. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. （北京28）A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been12. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. woul

36、d study C. had studied D. was studying (北京30)13. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34)A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended14. - I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a rai

37、lway official.- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (江蘇34)A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen15. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陜西 22) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone16. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. (天津15)A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD 1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD2125 DBCCC 2630 DCCCD 3135 DDCCB 3640 DCACD解析：1.wish后面用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用過去完成時。2.條件句表示與過去事實相反，主句用過去將來完成時，從句用過去完成時。3.as if后面如果