1、Unit 5 The power of natureGrammar現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修六高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修六一一. .功能功能 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，常常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，常常用來(lái)表示原因原因、時(shí)間時(shí)間、方式方式、結(jié)果結(jié)果、條件條件、伴隨狀況伴隨狀況等。等。1.1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was

2、 walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2.2.作原因作原因狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)也可以一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Not knowing EnglishNot knowing English , he couldnt , he couldnt understand the filmunderstand the film. .3.3.作伴隨作伴隨/ /方式方式 狀語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)次要的動(dòng)作。狀語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)次要的動(dòng)作。He sat there read

3、ing a book.Laughing and talking, the students went to school.He came running.(方式）方式）4.4.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 表示必然的結(jié)果，通常放在主句后面中表示必然的結(jié)果，通常放在主句后面中間用逗號(hào)隔開，有時(shí)為了突出結(jié)果，分詞前加間用逗號(hào)隔開，有時(shí)為了突出結(jié)果，分詞前加thusthus。Her husband died, leaving her four children.5.5.作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Having tried many timesHaving tried

4、many times, he still , he still couldncouldnt succeed. t succeed. 盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未成功。未成功。Working very hardWorking very hard, he didn, he didnt feel a bit t feel a bit tired.tired.盡管拼命地工作，他卻絲毫不感到疲勞。盡管拼命地工作，他卻絲毫不感到疲勞。6.6.作條件作條件狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表示表示一種假設(shè)情況，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)一種假設(shè)情況，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Using your head, you

5、 will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)7.7.作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)（懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)）作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)（懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)）作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來(lái)修飾全句，表明說(shuō)話者的作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來(lái)修飾全句，表明說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)等。態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)等。generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái)strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)frankly speaking 坦率地說(shuō)坦率地說(shuō)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having

6、done(not)having been done二、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式二、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式1. 分詞分詞 (短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)) 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致, 必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示表示, 也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.The train having gone, we had to wait another day.分析分析:前一例中前一例中,

7、 -ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)。形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)。后一例中后一例中having gone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 the train。 三、使用三、使用- ing形式作狀語(yǔ)需注意的幾個(gè)問題形式作狀語(yǔ)需注意的幾個(gè)問題判斷正誤判斷正誤Opening the windowOpening the window, a butterfly flew , a butterfly flew into my o my study.Opening the windowOpening the window, I saw a butterfly , I saw a butterfly

8、 flying into my study.flying into my study.Standing on top of the towerStanding on top of the tower, the whole , the whole city comes into our view.city comes into our view.Standing on top of the towerStanding on top of the tower, we can get , we can get a view of the whole city.a view of the whole

9、city.正正誤誤誤誤正正一般來(lái)說(shuō)一般來(lái)說(shuō), - , -inging形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行; ; 過(guò)去分詞表過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。試比較示被動(dòng)、完成。試比較: : Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofTheenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons. deadbodiesandweapons. Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic. Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic

10、. 2. 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 分析分析: : 前一例中的前一例中的- -inging形式短語(yǔ)在句子中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)形式短語(yǔ)在句子中作伴隨狀語(yǔ), ,它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)theenemytheenemy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系; ; 后一句中的后一句中的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞defeateddefeated和和frightenedfrightened表原因表原因, , 它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)theenemytheenemy之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 3. 3. 分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí), , 前面可以加上連詞或介詞前面可以加上連

11、詞或介詞, , 但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞( (如如but, but, and), and), 因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分, , 而分詞而分詞短語(yǔ)只是全句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分短語(yǔ)只是全句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分, , 分詞和主句之間可分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。用逗號(hào)。EgEg. .正：正：When seeing from the top of the hill, you can enjoy the whole beauty of this city.誤誤: Having been told many times, but he st

12、ill couldnt understand it.4. -ing分詞的一般式和完成式分詞的一般式和完成式 一般情況下，一般情況下，- -inging分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式的動(dòng)作后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式的動(dòng)作是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如：如： Being a student, he was interested in books. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 注意：注意：在實(shí)際運(yùn)用

13、中，在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中， 很多時(shí)候很多時(shí)候- -inging的一般式和的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但如果但如果- -inging的動(dòng)作和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間存在明顯的動(dòng)作和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間存在明顯的時(shí)間上的先后關(guān)系，而且句意強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，為避的時(shí)間上的先后關(guān)系，而且句意強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，為避免引起誤解，必須用完成式表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。免引起誤解，必須用完成式表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如如: : Having brushed his teethHaving brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs , Mr

14、. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.for breakfast.布朗先生刷過(guò)牙布朗先生刷過(guò)牙, , 就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。( (此句如寫成此句如寫成: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came: Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast. downstairs for breakfast.意為邊刷牙意為邊刷牙, , 邊下樓邊下樓) ) Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a fin

15、ger burnt. Not knowing how to find the subway,I asked a policeman for help. 5. 5. 分詞的否定形式是在其前面加上分詞的否定形式是在其前面加上 not.not.如如: : 牛刀小試牛刀小試一一.將兩將兩個(gè)句子組合成一個(gè)句子組合成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的句子。形式的句子。 1. Alice saw a volcano erupting in the morning. She felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night.Having seen a volcano eru

16、ption in the morning, Alice felt excited and couldnt fall asleep at night.2. I knew the sight is impressive on the top of the mountain. I made an effort to climb onto it.Knowing the sight was impressive on the top of the mountain, I made an effort to climb onto it.3. The new book of the famous novel

17、ist was very boring.It didnt become popular among young people.Being very boring, the new book of the famous novelist didnt become popular among young people.每空填一詞每空填一詞, 使該句與所給句子的意思相同。使該句與所給句子的意思相同。1. Because he was ill, he didnt go to school. _ _, he didnt go to school.2. When she was walking along

18、 the street one day, she met an old friend of hers._ _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers.3. When autumn comes, swallows go to the south._ _, swallows go to the south. Being illWalking alongAutumn coming4. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _, well go for a picnic tomor

19、row.5. After she had finished her homework,the little girl began to watch TV._ _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.6. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes._ _ _ by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes.It being sunnyHaving finishedHaving been

20、warned7. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut._ _ _ _, all the shops were shut.8. If I had been given a longer time, I could have done it better than planned._ _ _ a longer time, I could have done it better than planned.9. After I got home, I found my books missing._ _ _, I found my books mi

21、ssing.Having got home Having been givenIt being a holiday三三. .單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇(1)They set out _ for the _ boy.A.searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing(2) The student sat there, _ what to do.A.doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowingBD(3)He sat there _ ,

22、 with his head on his hand.A.and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought(4) The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; addedBC1. Sit down, Emma. you will only make yourse

23、lf more tired, _on your feet. A.to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 2.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B. makes C. made D. to makeBA四 高考鏈接3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angril

24、y C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing4. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. (NEMT2005) A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having causedAD5. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 6._ his telephone n

25、umber, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A.Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not knownCA7. In winter steam can be seen _from wet clothes _near a fire. A. rising, hanging B. rising, to hang C. rise, hanging D. to rise, to hang8. I couldnt do my homework with al

26、l that noise_. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on9. Yesterday Professor Li received a letter from ne of his friends, _ him to write an article,and he accepted. A. having invited B. invited C. to be invited D. inviting AAD10. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help11. _, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since th