1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞1具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)、情感、情緒的人或事，表示變化了的詞義時(shí)，這一抽象名詞可作為可數(shù)名詞。(1)difficulty 困難；a difficulty 一件難事(2)experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)；an experience 一次經(jīng)歷(3)failure 失?。籥 failure 一位失敗者，一件失敗的事(4)knowledge 知識(shí)；a good knowledge 對(duì)精通/熟知(5)success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事(6)surprise 驚奇；a surprise 一件令人吃驚的事(7)honour 榮譽(yù)；an honour 一位(件)帶來(lái)

2、榮譽(yù)的人或事Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.昨晚的晚會(huì)很成功，我們唱啊跳啊直到晚會(huì)結(jié)束。Losing the game was a difficult experience for her.對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，輸?shù)舯荣愂且环N痛苦的經(jīng)歷。2有些物質(zhì)名詞可個(gè)體化為可數(shù)名詞Would you like some coffee？你想喝點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？I would like a coffee and two bee

3、rs.我想要一杯咖啡和兩杯啤酒。物質(zhì)名詞 可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞 可數(shù)名詞drink 飲料 two drinks兩杯飲料 sugar 糖 a sugar 一塊糖coffee 咖啡 a coffee一杯咖啡 paper 紙 a paper一張報(bào)紙；一篇論文tea 茶 two teas兩杯茶 hair 頭發(fā) a hair 一根頭發(fā)1.(2010濟(jì)寧檢測(cè))We all hold the belief that _2012 London Olympic Games will be _success.A/；a Bthe；/Cthe；a Da；a解析：第一空為特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞the；第二空success 為抽

4、象名詞具體化，“一個(gè)成功的人或事”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，類似的詞還有failure，pleasure 等。答案：C2(2010福建卷)Its_good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them_pleasure.A/；a Ba；/Cthe；a Da；the解析：句意為：上海世博會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)了歡樂(lè)，欣賞世博會(huì)是一種美好的感受。有些不可數(shù)名詞，如knowledge，command，feeling等，前面有“a/an形容詞”修飾時(shí)，表示一件具體的事情或一個(gè)的人。pleasure意為“愉快，快樂(lè)”，為不可數(shù)名詞

5、，故不加冠詞。答案：B1accident，incident，affair，event(1)accident “意外事件，偶發(fā)事件”，一般指(不幸的)事故，如車禍、天災(zāi)之類。(2)incident 多指較小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的雖小但留下較深印象的平凡事情，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。(3)affair “事物，要事”，頭緒繁多的事；戀愛(ài)事件。(4)event “大事”，也可指比賽項(xiàng)目。One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.七分之一的交通事故是司機(jī)困倦造成的。Three people were arrested in

6、connection with the rock­throwing incident.3個(gè)人因與扔石頭事件有關(guān)而被捕。The Prime Minister is busy with affairs of state.首相忙于政務(wù)。A daughters marriage is quite an event for a father.女兒的婚姻對(duì)父親而言確實(shí)是件大事。2quantity，personality，quality，character(1)quantity 表示“數(shù)量”。(2)quality 既可以表示事物的“品質(zhì)”，還可以表示人的“品德，素質(zhì)”。(3)character 泛

7、指性格，無(wú)所謂好壞，還可以表示“角色，文字，字母”。(4)personality 意為“個(gè)性”。Its often less expensive to buy goods in quantity，but youd better exam the quality before buying them.大量購(gòu)物便宜，但是在購(gòu)買之前你最好檢測(cè)質(zhì)量。(2009湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for character.獨(dú)自徒步旅行可能會(huì)很有趣并且有益于健康。或許對(duì)意志的磨煉也有好處。3co

8、ndition，situation，state，position(1)condition 意為“條件，情況，狀況”，其單數(shù)形式指人或物所處的狀況，這時(shí)與state 意義相近，常可互換，但condition 還常指由于一定原因或條件造成的狀態(tài)，如人的健康狀況、物的完好程度、設(shè)備的可用性等。復(fù)數(shù)形式多指一般、籠統(tǒng)的情況。(2)situation 指某一時(shí)間由各種情況造成的“處境”“形勢(shì)”。(3)state 指人或事物所處的狀態(tài)或狀況，常和condition 換用，此外，state 還常表示思想、感情、心理等狀態(tài)。(4)position 指人或事物所處的位置，地位。(2009陜西卷)From the

9、ir position on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.從他們?cè)陔娨曀數(shù)奈恢?，游客們可以更好地看到這個(gè)城市。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.學(xué)生們必須接受如何應(yīng)付危險(xiǎn)情況的教育。Ive had no exercise for ages，and Im really out of condition.我好久不運(yùn)動(dòng)，身體欠佳。They were silent for a long ti

10、me，in a state of painful hesitation and doubt.他們處于一種痛苦的躊躇與疑慮狀態(tài)中，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間相對(duì)無(wú)言。4power，strength，force，energy(1)power 主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或機(jī)器等事物潛在的或發(fā)揮出來(lái)的力量，還可以指職權(quán)或政權(quán)。(2)strength 指固有的潛力。說(shuō)人時(shí)，指“力氣”；說(shuō)物時(shí)，指“強(qiáng)度”。(3)force 主要指自然界的力量；暴力、勢(shì)力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；軍事力量等。(4)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。Its not within my power to help you

11、.我是愛(ài)莫能助啊。A washing machine is a saver of time and strength.洗衣機(jī)省時(shí)又省力。The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts.聯(lián)合國(guó)盡力禁止使用暴力。Youll need to apply all your energy to this job.你需要把全部精力投入到這項(xiàng)工作中去。1.(2010浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct_.

12、Asolution BtargetCmeasure Dfunction解析：句意為：學(xué)校顧問(wèn)會(huì)幫你梳理一下你的問(wèn)題，但是他們不會(huì)給你任何直接的解決辦法。本題考查名詞辨析。solution 解決問(wèn)題的辦法；target目標(biāo)，靶子；measure措施；function功能，作用。根據(jù)句意選A。答案：A2(2010江西卷)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n)_of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquanti

13、ty解析：句意為：去年畢業(yè)時(shí)就有駕照的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到20萬(wàn)，平均每年4萬(wàn)。本題考查名詞辨析。average 平均，平均數(shù)；a number of 許多，大量，修飾可數(shù)名詞；an amount of 許多，大量，與不可數(shù)名詞連用；a quantity of 許多，大量的，修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意，選A。答案：A3(2011黑龍江檢測(cè))If youre looking for a _，you can make it when it is on sale.Aprice BbargainCcost Dbill解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。on sale 表示“廉價(jià)出售”，因此應(yīng)用bargain (特價(jià)

14、商品)與之呼應(yīng)。句意為：如果你在尋找特價(jià)商品，減價(jià)出售時(shí)你就可以買到。答案：B4(2010煙臺(tái)二模)An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illness according to the various_.Asigns BsymptomsCsignals Dappearances解析：考查名詞辨析。sign意思是“標(biāo)記，跡象，記號(hào)”；symptom意思是“癥狀”；signal意思是“信號(hào)”；appearance意思是“外觀，外表”。顯然只有B項(xiàng)符合題意，即醫(yī)生根據(jù)病人的癥狀判斷病情。答案：B1(2010山東卷)Those who suf

15、fer from headache will find they get_from this medicine.Arelief BsafetyCdefense Dshelter解析：句意為：患頭痛的人將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)使用這種藥，他們的頭痛會(huì)得到緩解?？疾槊~辨析。relief 輕松，緩和；safety 安全；defense 防御，保護(hù)；shelter 居所，庇護(hù)。答案：A2(2010天津卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make_for the television.Aroom BareaCfield Dposition解析：句意

16、為：James 從小桌上拿走了(堆放的)雜志給電視機(jī)騰地方。本題考查了名詞在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的用法。固定短語(yǔ)make room for sb./sth.為某人/某物騰地方。其余選項(xiàng)無(wú)此用法。答案：A3(2010江蘇卷)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good_.Aexpectation BreputationCcontribution Dcivilization解析：句意為：這名醫(yī)生對(duì)心臟病的治療技術(shù)高超，并且從不

17、接受病人送的任何禮品，因此，他名聲很好。本題考查名詞。expectation 期待，預(yù)料；reputation 名譽(yù)，名聲，聲望；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)；civilization 文明。答案：B4(2010安徽卷)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond_.Ahearing B strengthCrecognition Dmeasure解析：句意為：自從Sara 還是孩子的時(shí)候，我就一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她。她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變得(讓人)認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。beyond recognitionimpossib

18、le to recognize 無(wú)法辨認(rèn)。答案：C5(2010湖北卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide_of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle解析：句意為：這家餐館很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗峁└鞣N食物，能滿足各種口味和各種消費(fèi)層次。本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的主要含義：division 區(qū)分，分開(kāi)，除法，部門；area 區(qū)域，面積，范圍；range：a number of people or things that are all d

19、ifferent，but are all of the same general type 一系列，(變動(dòng)或浮動(dòng)的)范圍，界限；circle 圓周，循環(huán)，社交圈。語(yǔ)境說(shuō)能滿足各種口味和消費(fèi)層次，由此判斷選C。答案：C6(2010湖北卷)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide_for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture解析：句意為：地震發(fā)生之后，當(dāng)?shù)卣龅牡谝患戮褪菫闊o(wú)家可歸

20、的家庭提供住宿。本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)的主要含義：accommodation 住處，停留處，膳宿；occupation 職業(yè)，占有期間，占有；equipment 設(shè)備，器材，裝備，配備；furniture 家具。從語(yǔ)境的“地震之后”“失去家園的家庭”判斷，本題選A表示提供“住宿”。答案：A7(2009湖北卷) Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for_ building.Arespect BfriendshipCreputation Dcharacter解析：句意為：獨(dú)自徒步旅行可能

21、會(huì)很有趣并且有益于健康，或許對(duì)意志的磨煉也有好處。respect尊重，愛(ài)戴；friendship友誼；reputation名譽(yù)，榮譽(yù)，聲望；character性格，品格，品質(zhì)，特點(diǎn)，特性。又如：The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.在地震發(fā)生后，小男孩重返學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出了他優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)。答案：D8(2009湖北卷)In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a_for everyone to

22、stand up.Asignal BchanceCmark Dmeasure解析：句意為：在課堂上，鈴聲響起，老師合上書就是我們要起立的信號(hào)。signal信號(hào)，導(dǎo)火線；chance機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣；mark分?jǐn)?shù)，標(biāo)志；measure措施，辦法，尺寸。又如：This is signal that you are breaking down.這是你身體逐漸變垮的信號(hào)。The signal that the war broke out between two countries is oil.兩個(gè)國(guó)家爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的導(dǎo)火線是石油。答案：A9(2009安徽卷)China has got a good_for fi

23、ghting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.Areputation BinfluenceCimpression Dknowledge解析：句意為：在抗擊流感方面，中國(guó)以細(xì)致和流暢的組織而獲得良好的聲譽(yù)。reputation聲譽(yù)；influence影響；impression印象；knowledge知識(shí)。答案：A10(2009山東卷)He says that my new car is a_of money.Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?Alack

24、BloadCquestion Dwaste解析：句意為：他說(shuō)我新買的小汽車?yán)速M(fèi)錢。難道你不認(rèn)為這是吃不到葡萄就說(shuō)葡萄酸嗎？lack缺乏；load負(fù)荷；question問(wèn)題；waste浪費(fèi)。答案：D 1(2011福建畢業(yè)班檢測(cè))Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest_.Ainterruption BinstructionCconsideration Dconvenience解析：考查名詞辨析。這里表示“請(qǐng)?jiān)谀惴奖愕臅r(shí)候盡早給我回復(fù)”，at your earliest

25、 convenience 是固定表達(dá)，表示“在你方便的時(shí)候請(qǐng)盡早”，符合語(yǔ)境。interruption打斷；instruction 指導(dǎo)，指示；consideration 考慮。答案：D2(2011浙江金華十校聯(lián)考)If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n) _for me.Apuzzle Badvantage Cchallenge Daverage解析：考查名詞辨析。challenge 意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”，即選擇在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的理由是因?yàn)檫@樣做具有挑戰(zhàn)性。其他選項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境

26、；puzzle 意思是“困惑”；advantage 意思是“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢(shì)”；average 意思是“平均數(shù)”。答案：C3(2011浙江金華十校聯(lián)考)The conference has been held to discuss the _of global warming on peoples lives all over the world.Aimportance BeffectsCprotection Dattitudes解析：考查名詞辨析。effects 意思是“影響”，即討論全球氣候變暖對(duì)人們生活的影響。其他選項(xiàng)不合題意：importance 意思是“重要性”；protection 意思

27、是“保護(hù)”；attitudes 意思是“態(tài)度”。答案：B4(2011濰坊教學(xué)質(zhì)量抽樣監(jiān)測(cè))I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents _will be to my poor examination result.Aexpression BreactionCappearance Dexpectation解析：考查名詞辨析。句意為：我真的有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，因?yàn)槲也恢牢腋改笇?duì)我不好的考試結(jié)果會(huì)是什么反應(yīng)。expression 表情；reaction 反應(yīng)；appearance 外表；expectation 期望。答案：B

28、5(2011陜西教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))There is no_in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.Adoubt BmindCpoint Dwonder解析：考查名詞辨析。固定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做是沒(méi)有必要的”，其他搭配不正確，所以這里選C項(xiàng)。答案：C6(2011鄭州第二次檢測(cè))Here are some _for you to follow when you take a test in chemistry.Apatterns BtipsCtopics Def

29、forts解析：考查名詞辨析。語(yǔ)境為“下面給你提出幾點(diǎn)忠告，當(dāng)你參加化學(xué)測(cè)驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)該遵循”。tip 忠告，意見(jiàn)；pattern 樣式，花樣，圖案；topic 題目，論題，話題；effort 努力，盡力。答案：B7(2011海南五校聯(lián)考)Mr Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common_.Apractice BknowledgeCexperience Dduty解析：考查名詞辨析。因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common pra

30、ctice 通常的做法，符合題意。答案：A8(2011福建檢測(cè))Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.In my_，his decision is not wise.Aword BviewCsight Dway解析：考查名詞。句意為：在我看來(lái)，他的決定不明智。in ones view表示“在某人看來(lái)”。答案：B9(2011安徽合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)My English teacher is really very kind.Ill never forget the_he has done me.Afavor BdeedChelp Dvalue解析：句意為：我的英語(yǔ)

31、老師實(shí)在是太好了。我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他對(duì)我的幫助。do sb.a favor 幫助某人。答案：A10(2011寶雞檢測(cè)一)The speech that Mr Smith made today gave a strong_on the students.Aexpression BimpressionCreputation Dexpectation解析：考查名詞的詞義辨析。句意為：史密斯先生今天所做的演講給學(xué)生們留下了深刻印象。give/leave/make an impression on sb.給某人留下印象。expression表情，表達(dá)；reputation聲譽(yù)，名聲；expectation期望，指望。答案：B11(2011鄭州一模)It was reported that the problem had been settled without much_.Aaffect BaffairCeffect Deffort解析：考查詞義辨析。affect影響；affair事務(wù)；effect影響，效果；effort嘗試，努力。據(jù)報(bào)道，問(wèn)題沒(méi)費(fèi)多大事就解決了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，D項(xiàng)正確。