1、Casting 鑄造manufacturing process 制造過(guò)程 molten 熔化poured 瀉倒 injected 注噴solidify 固化mold cavity 模型腔part 零件delivery 遞送complex 復(fù)雜function 功能projected cost 項(xiàng)目(目標(biāo))成本dimensions 尺寸dating back 回溯in a state of 處于狀態(tài)refinement 精制、改進(jìn)evolution 進(jìn)化advances 進(jìn)步Sand Casting 沙模鑄造mold cavity 型腔formed out of 由形成patterns 陽(yáng)模sp

2、rues 澆鑄口design considerations 設(shè)計(jì)要素allowance 容差formed 成形加工made out of 由制造aggregate 集合體，組件flask 上箱體Core 鑄芯inserted插features 形狀passages通道Core print 型芯座region 部分riser 冒口extra void 額外空隙excessive 過(guò)多feed 饋送solidifies 凝固shrinks 收縮void 孔洞 空隙be to 打算做two-part mold 對(duì)開(kāi)模cope 上模箱drag 下模箱parting line 分型線(xiàn)parting su

3、rface 分型面gating 澆口assembled 裝配compacted 壓緊vibration 振動(dòng)mechanical means 機(jī)械方法facilitated 促進(jìn) 使容易draft 拔模斜度slight angular offset 少量的角度偏移from the vertical 是定語(yǔ)短句，意為：偏離垂線(xiàn)的whichever 或者poured into 注入gating system 澆口系統(tǒng)sprue 鑄口horizontal portion 水平部分runners 澆道m(xù)ultiple points 多重通路extensions 延伸vents 通風(fēng)口built-up

4、累積、增強(qiáng)allow for 考慮到contraction 收縮shrink 萎縮factors 因素on the average 一般來(lái)說(shuō)linear factors 線(xiàn)性因素approximate 近似impurities 雜質(zhì)defect 缺點(diǎn)stages 階段bonded粘接mulled 研磨additives 添加劑overall strength 整體強(qiáng)度about 圍繞著compaction stage 壓緊階段solid 結(jié)實(shí)可靠concave 凹面Alignment pins 定位銷(xiāo)mating 配合Chills 冷卻masses 質(zhì)量塊put through 使完成baki

5、ng stage 烘烤階段Mold halves 半片型模preheated 預(yù)熱furnace 爐crucible 坩堝application 用途Degassing 排氣portion 部分remelted scrap 再熔的碎片previously 以前volume 體積backflow 回流dendrites 枝狀晶體properties 特性internal stresses 內(nèi)應(yīng)力constant rate 恒定速率stress free 無(wú)應(yīng)力relatively 相對(duì)地homogenous 同質(zhì)化eutectic point 共熔點(diǎn)At this point 這時(shí)候a quan

6、tity of 一些adhering 粘附A bulk of 若干options 選擇vibrating table 振動(dòng)臺(tái)sand / shot blaster 沙粒沖擊式清沙機(jī)taken 處理down to 直至oxides 氧化物Forging 鍛壓hot-forming 熱成型components 零件items 項(xiàng)目plastic deformation 塑性變形compressive force 壓力hammer blows 錘擊base 基座work 工件anvil 鐵氈semimechanized 半自動(dòng)化steam 蒸汽compressed air 壓縮空氣hydraulic

7、 液壓quantity production 量產(chǎn)distinction 差別open-die forging 開(kāi)式模鍛closed-die forging 合模鍛.aided by 借助于enclose 包住stretching 拉伸thinner 薄workpiece 毛坯lateral expansion 橫向膨脹upsetting 墩鍛axially 軸向ram 頂桿stationary 固定不動(dòng)complexity 復(fù)雜性accuracy 精確性finish 光潔度heat-resistant 耐熱wear-resistant 耐磨sufficient to 足以bottom die

8、 底模rapid production 快速生產(chǎn)hydraulically operated presses 液壓式壓力機(jī)refining 改善structure 結(jié)構(gòu)uniform 一致marine propeller shafts 船用螺旋槳軸squeezes 擠壓drop-forge 重錘鍛on account of 由于ingots of steel 鋼錠manual operation 手動(dòng)操作essential 基本grain structure 顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)oriented 導(dǎo)向principal stresses 主應(yīng)力encountered 遇到crystals 晶體ductil

9、ity 延展性toughness 韌性randomly oriented 隨機(jī)導(dǎo)向finishing operations 精加工coating operations 涂層操作plating 電鍍painting 涂漆straight forward 直截了當(dāng)preparation 前期準(zhǔn)備yield 產(chǎn)生strength to weight ratio 強(qiáng)度重量比f(wàn)rame members 框架構(gòu)件crosssection 斷面drawing out 拉長(zhǎng)closed impressiondies 封閉壓力模The Lathe and Its Construction 車(chē)床及其結(jié)構(gòu)surfa

10、ces of revolution 旋轉(zhuǎn)表面flat edges 平面外緣simultaneously 同時(shí)地(1) Engine lathes 普通車(chē)床(2) Toolroom (工具室) lathes 帶刀具箱車(chē)床(3) Turret (轉(zhuǎn)塔、六角) lathes 六角車(chē)床(4) Vertical turning and boring mills 立式外圓內(nèi)孔車(chē)床(5) Automatic lathes 自動(dòng)車(chē)床(6) Special-purpose lathes 特種車(chē)床elements要素frame 構(gòu)架horizontal beam 水平橫梁grey or nodular cast

11、iron 灰口或球墨鑄鐵guideways 導(dǎo)軌carriage 刀架Headstock 主軸箱spindle 主軸axis 軸線(xiàn) parallel 平行g(shù)earbox 齒輪箱、變速器infinitely variable spindle speeds 無(wú)級(jí)變速主軸frictional 摩擦Bar stocks 桿件tapered 錐形lathe center 頂尖threaded 螺紋、線(xiàn)chuck 卡盤(pán)face plate 面板Tailstock 尾座quill 套筒軸clamping device 夾緊裝置alignment 定位hardened steel tube 淬火鋼管screw

12、 螺桿nut 螺母engaged 嚙合twist drills 麻花鉆travel path 運(yùn)行軌跡carriage 刀架generating 產(chǎn)生longitudinal and/or cross feeds縱向和橫向進(jìn)刀apron 溜板箱feed rod 進(jìn)刀桿、光杠lead screw 進(jìn)刀螺桿screw threads 螺紋actuating 驅(qū)動(dòng)lever 撥桿fed 進(jìn)給worm gear 蝸輪傳動(dòng)裝置a train of 一系列feed 進(jìn)刀shifting 移動(dòng)plain turning 粗車(chē)thread cutting 車(chē)螺紋link 聯(lián)動(dòng)is referred to as 被稱(chēng)為Jigs and Fixtures 鉆模和夾具relative to 相對(duì)secured 穩(wěn)固identical 相同misplaced 錯(cuò)位incorporate 包含drills 鉆頭reamers 鉸刀in the knowledge that 知道的情況assembly 組裝spare parts 備件errors 誤差degrees of freedom 自由度suitabl