1、pD(p), S(p)q=D(p)q=S(p)p*q*D(p*) = S(p*)pqq* = cMarketdemandpqp*Marketdemandpptbs D pS pbs()() pD(p), S(p)MarketdemandMarketsupplyp*q*No taxpbD(p), S(p)p*q*$tqtAnd sellers receive only ps = pb - t.pspbpsD(p), S(p)p*q*pbAnd buyers pay pb = ps + t.$tqtpsD pabpbb() S pcdpss(). pptbs D pS pbs()() sbdpcb

2、pa dbbtcapdpctpbasss )(pacdtbdb dbbdtbcadbpapSpDqbsbt )()(dbbtcaps pacdtbdb dbbdtbcadqt 當(dāng)當(dāng)t ,ps ,pb ,qt dbdtdbcadbdtcappb *dbbtdbbtcadbcapps *Ttqtadbcbdtbdt .*qpqpppppqqDbbD *qpqpppppqqSssS 稅收分擔(dān)比稅收分擔(dān)比 = sbpppp *DS s pD(p), S(p)p*q*No taxCSPSpD(p), S(p)p*q*$tpbqtpsCSPSTaxyf xxn (,)1xxInput LevelOutpu

3、t Level yyxxInput LevelOutput Level yyy” = f(x) 是是投入投入 x的可的可行產(chǎn)出水平行產(chǎn)出水平y(tǒng)”生產(chǎn)集生產(chǎn)集0, 0),(| ),(111 nnnxxandxxfyyxxT1x2x司機(jī)出租車(chē) 2121,min),(bxaxxxfy 戴爾聯(lián)想2121),(bxaxxxf 2121),(xAxxxf yxyxx2x1x2x1x2x1 2 21 1)1 (,)1 (xttxxttx y100100y120120higher outputiixxfMP)(3/223/1121),( xxxxfyif MPyxxx1112322313 /. 022 iiiiixyxyxxMP jiijijMPMPxxTRS x2x1x2x1x2x1如果生產(chǎn)技術(shù)是嚴(yán)格凸性的，如果生產(chǎn)技術(shù)是嚴(yán)格凸性的，隨著隨著的增加，技術(shù)替代率的增加，技術(shù)替代率（絕對(duì)值）是遞減的。（絕對(duì)值）是遞減的。),(21xxfy ),(21xxfy ),(),(2121txtxfxxtf1t , )2,1()2,1(對(duì)所有的txtxfxxtf1t , )2,1()2,1(對(duì)所有的txtxfxxtfvif a1+ + an = 1 vif a1+ + an 1 vif a1+ + an 1 . 2121nanaaxxxy 生產(chǎn)函數(shù)生產(chǎn)函數(shù)()()