1、歷年專八短文改錯試題2014年英語專八改錯真題答案There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions( a 前面加 also)have possessed the most attention of resea

2、rchers in this area:(possessed 改為 captured)Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language?(one前面加 as )What is the explanation for the fact adults have(fact 后面加 that)more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivates pe

3、ople to acquire additional languages?What is the role of the language teaching in the(language 前面去掉 the)acquisition of an additional language?What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that

4、 all(去掉 the)the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do(attempts 改為 attempting)so. W hether one labels itlearning ” or “ acquiring” an additionallan

5、guage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under(or 改為 and)focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning(involving 改為 involved)or ac

6、quisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.(touch 改為 contact)2013 英語專八改錯真題答案Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, pr

7、oduction and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2) happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.(3) Indeed, when you listen to someone to

8、speaking, or looking at this page,(4) you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity(5) involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) the

9、ir language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) of what might be called “l(fā)anguage in exceptional circumstance

10、s ”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9) listening, writing and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful(10) experiments to get at what is happening.1. production 改成 producing2. 去掉 the3. 去掉 accurately 前面的 so4. l

11、ooking 改為 look5. we 前面加 that6. 去掉 colleague后面的 has7. their 改成 his8. anyone 改成 pure 老師 someone9. evolved 改成 involved10. were 改成 are2012 年專八真題改錯部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. Theargument has been going since at least the first (1) (2) (3)

12、 (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “ free ” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not the manner . This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers wh

13、o wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible gained some currency, and wit

14、h it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the extreme “ literalists ” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not dis

15、cussed. Toooften, writer , translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other . Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains.(10) 參考答案：1. going 后加 on2. certain 改為 a certain3. rather 改為 not4. is 改為 was5. in 改為 at6. 去掉第二個 the7. view 后面加 that8. 去掉 was9. culminated 后面加 in10.

16、and 改為 but 2011 年專八真題改錯部分12345678910From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that soo

17、n or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular thr

18、oughout my schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of

19、facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious i.e. seriously intended writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen page

20、s. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1.在 grow 后加 up, 考固定短語2. 改 consience為 consciousness 考 詞語區(qū)別， consience翻譯為 “良心，道德心 ” , consiousnes翻s譯為 “意 識”3. 改 soon為 sooner， sooner or later 是固定短語4. 在 child 前加 middle, 考上下文理解。 作者是三個孩子句中的那位5 。改 disagreeing 為 dis

21、agreeable ， disagreeing 只能作動名詞， 不能作形容詞。 disagreeable mannernisms 令人討厭的習慣6.改 imaginative 為 imaginary, 考詞語區(qū)別 imaginative 翻譯為 “有想象力的 ”，imaginary 翻譯為 “想象的，虛構的 ”7. 改 literal 為 literary , 考詞義區(qū)別， literal 翻譯為 “字面的 ”， literary 翻譯為 “文學方面的8.去掉 face 后的 in， face 接賓語時是及物動詞?？紕釉~的基本用法9.在 world 后加 in 或者改 which 為 wher

22、e, 考定語從句10. 改 Therefore 為 However 或者 Nevertheness, 考語境。感悟： 11 專八改錯相對前幾年專八改錯要簡單一點。本人認為詞義區(qū)別考得過多了。2010 年專八真題改錯部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things

23、 their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the fault of their lang

24、uage. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a def

25、ect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which Englishwas habitually used

26、made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life.1_2101 .be 后插入 as; as as引導的比較級2 .their 改為 its; its 代替 every language3 .T

27、here 改為 It; It 此處作為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式4 .Whereas 改為 But ； 語境需要表示轉折的連詞， whereas 表示對比5. further 改為 much further 不能修飾比較級6 .come 改為 bring;(sth)come to light , bring sth to lightbring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英語的缺陷7. similar 改為 different; 根據(jù)語境應該用 different8. wi

28、ll 改為 would; 虛擬語氣9 .as important 去掉 as;10 t.he part 去掉 the 或者改 the 為 abe/become/form (a) part of 是固定短語09 專八改錯原題The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference(1)between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a v

29、erse,learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground lore, therefo

30、re, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have

31、been currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, to let alone that it bears

32、resemblance to the(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)答案分析：(1) the further difference 改為 a further difference (此次應該用不定冠詞表示泛指)(2) 改 when 為 until, 結構 not.until 翻譯為 “直到 才 ”(3)their 改為 his(代詞與前文 a little listener 在單復數(shù)上保持一致) (4)something 改為 anything 此處指二十到七十的任何時段 (5)therefore 改為 however (根據(jù)上下文邏輯關系)(6) in the gen

33、eral 去掉 the (習慣用法 in general 表示總的來說，一般不用冠詞)(7) currently 改為 current (這里起的是表語的作用，需要形容詞而不是副詞)(8) it has passed 改為 it has been passed (與分號前的被動保持一致)般作定語(9) live 改為 alive alive 翻譯為 “鮮活的 ”，一般作補語； live 翻譯為 “現(xiàn)場轉播的；活的 (10) to let alone 改為 let alone (let alone 為習慣搭配，意思是 “更不用說2008 年專八真題 短文改錯The desire to use l

34、anguage as a sign of national identity is a very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent 1part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate 2a given language to show that they are distinctive from another 3race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United Sta

35、tes 4split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a 5different language from those of Britain. There was even one 6proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put

36、 it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English 7and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone 8knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before. 9Since nearly two hundred years now, the

37、y have shown the world 10that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.1. in result 改成 in consequence，2 moves改成 movements.3. distinctive 改成 distinct或 different4 .在 time 后加 when5 .accepted 改成 realized6. those改

38、成 that7. 刪除 on,8 .At 改成 In9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with10 .now 改成 ago 07 專八真題 短文改錯From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest records of ancient languages s

39、how us language in a new and emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion

40、of such cries than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that such noises are simil

41、ar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and language proper. We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas la

42、nguage proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.123456789101, 改 and 為 or, any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用2, 改 show為 showing, 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語3，刪除 the, 表示泛指4，改 and 為 but, 根據(jù)語境此處是轉折5，改 large 為 larger, 后面有 than, 應該用比較

43、級6，改 in 為 on, on other grounds 基于“其 它理由”，為固定搭配7，改 return 為 response , in response to 對“作出反應”8，刪除 on, emphasize sth emphasize是及物動詞or9，在 large 前加 a, extent 是可數(shù)名詞，前面要加冠詞。 to a large extent 翻譯為“在很大程度上10，改 these 為 those those that/who 為固定形式2006 專八短文改錯We use language primarily as a means of communication

44、withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as1to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular2message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3set of grammatical rules

45、 which enables him to communicate his4thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English5speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognises, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience.6But, whether the

46、 language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another7member of his linguistic community; he bas to give the system aconcrete transmission form. We take it f

47、or granted the two most8common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are9among most striking of human achievements. 101, 改 agreeing 為 agreed agreed conventions翻譯為 “習俗 ”2， words 前加 the, 此處為特指3，改 in 為 at at one s dispo為sa

48、固l 定短語，翻譯為 “由某人做主 ”4， 改 enables 為 enable，定語從句與先行詞 vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules 保持一致 5，刪除 the, 此處需要泛指6，改 old 為 older, 此處需要比較級7， 改 seen為 understood， system 應該是被理解8， 刪除 it take sth for granted take it for granted that9, 改 or 為 and ,語境需要并列關系而不需選擇關系10， most 前加 the, 形容詞最高級中 that 一般不能省略2005 年專

49、八真題短文改錯The University as Busines1 2 3 45 6 A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current, very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in

50、common stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economi

51、c uncertainty increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor ones job prospects, the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,

52、in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses. Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as

53、customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten therigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earl

54、ier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give disc

55、ounts on their best10 customer.1. investing 應改為 invested，過去分詞作定語2. 在 irrespective 和 fluctuations 之間加上介詞 of。 irrespectiveOf 是一固定用法， 意指 “不論， 不管， 不 顧， ”等，此處指公司不顧收入的波動變化。3. 把 those 改為 that， that 此處代替 outlook4在 fact 和 economic 之間力口上關系代詞 that。這是一個同位語從語， that 在同位語從句中是不能省 略的 .5把定冠詞 the 去掉 , in school 表示上學這個

56、抽象意義6把形容詞 poor 改為其比較級 poorer 。這句中的 poor與后面的 more形成一對比較關系， 表示 “越 越”7在 ways 和 which 之間加上一個介詞 in。8這里應該用動詞的 lng形式，即 eliminating ，以便使句型結構與前面的 giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否則句子結構和意思都顯得不正確。9將 shorten(縮短；使變短 ) 改為 reduce/lesson/weaken。此處屬于用詞不當。10將 to give discounts on改為 to give discounts to their b

57、est customer。意為實業(yè)公司給最好的客戶提 供優(yōu)惠。 Give discounts to sb為固定短語2004 改錯One of the most important non- is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - futugroundwork for impeachment proThere are important corollaries to the investineverthto inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.Congressional committees aof Congress witnesses who re