1、 第 1 頁，共 100 頁8點(diǎn)擊朗誦外語-需要啟用宏后才能使用朗誦功能啟用方法：先啟用編輯，然后啟用宏內(nèi)容。2003版啟用方法如下：工具宏安全性低或中重啟文檔啟用宏）不會啟用宏？點(diǎn)擊查看幫助！【特別提示】 1） 祈使句的主語（you）經(jīng)常省略；如：（You）Open the door, please. 2） 動名詞，不定式和從句做主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)。如上述例句中的4、5、6。 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 判斷下列各句的主語的位置及性質(zhì)： 1) Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 2) He is very st

2、rict. 3) What they want is money. 4) Even a child can do it. 5) It is kind of you to say you like it. 6) It is still a question whether she will join us. 7) 1000 miles is a long distance. 8) It is no use asking her advice. 9) The milk remains fresh for a week. 10)To take care of so many children is

3、not an easy job. 【練習(xí)解析】 1)主語是動名詞短語Reading aloud； 第 2 頁，共 100 頁22)主語是代詞He； 3)主語是主語從句What they want； 4)主語是名詞a child； 5)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式to say youlike it； 6)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的主語從句whethershe will join us； 7)主語是數(shù)詞1000 miles； 8)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動名詞短語askingher advice； 9)主語是名詞The milk； 10)主語是不定式To take c

4、are of so many children。 【鞏固練習(xí)】（四） 按照上述講解對主語進(jìn)行判斷和分析。 1)Most adults would disagree with this statement. 2)It is known that bones, muscles and nervesdevelop faster in baby girls. 3)To tell the difference between the two is not soeasy. 第 3 頁，共 100 頁4)For some of us, having a family simply meanshaving c

5、hildren. 5)Successful language learners are learners with apurpose. 6)What is accepted as true is often relatively, andnot absolutely, true. 7)They are the hardest substance found in nature. 8)4671363 is more easily remembered if it ischunked as 467, 13, 63. 9)The movie was said to be very interesti

6、ng. 10)Its a great honor to be invited to yourcountry. 11)For most adults learning a language is a verydifficult task. 12)What to do next will be discussed at the nextmeeting. 13)Among civilized people it was once thought thatginger root by some magical power could improve thememory. 14)Look it up i

7、n the dictionary. 15)12 is the number of months in the year. 16)The waiter understood that he didnt want tea. 第 4 頁，共 100 頁17)Advertising is only part of the total saleseffort. 18)It is useful to know how these principle work. 19)The solutions to real problems cannot be seen inadvance. 20)Success in

8、 life often starts with a job we like.答案 1)主語是名詞Most adults。 2)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的主語從句thatbones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.。 3)主語是不定式To tell the difference between thetwo 。 4)主語是動名詞短語having a family 。 5)主語是名詞Successful language learners。 6)主語是主語從句What is accepted as true 。 7)主語是動

9、詞They。 8)主語是數(shù)詞4671363 。 9)主語是名詞The movie 。 10)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式 to beinvited to your country. 11)主語是動名詞短語 learning a language 。 第 5 頁，共 100 頁12)主語是動詞不定式短語What to do next 。 13)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的主語從句thatginger root by some magical power could improve thememory. 14)祈使句，主語you被省略了。 15)主語是數(shù)詞12。 16)主語是

10、名詞The waiter 。 17)主語是動名詞Advertising。 18)it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式短語toknow how these principle work. 19)主語是名詞短語The solutions to real problems 。 20)主語是名詞短語Success in life 。 第二講 謂語（一） 時態(tài) (Tense) 一、現(xiàn)在時 【語法講解】 漢語里，動詞沒有時態(tài)的變化，而是使用時間副詞或助詞來表示不同的時間或事件的進(jìn)程或狀態(tài)。例如， 第 6 頁，共 100 頁1）我每天步行上班。 2）媽媽正在看書。 3）他已經(jīng)病了三天了。 4）小強(qiáng)從

11、上課開始一直在說話。 而英語的時態(tài)主要體現(xiàn)在動詞的變化上。所有的動作和狀態(tài)從時間上看，都可以分為現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來，其中現(xiàn)在時里的四個時態(tài)是理解過去、將來和過去將來時間里的時態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。 現(xiàn)在時（以動詞do為例） 1.經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；2. 客觀事實或普遍真理 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be doing 1.現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作 現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done 1.過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；2.過去發(fā)生的動作但對現(xiàn)在仍留下某種后果和影響 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 have/has been doing 從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（中間基本無停頓），并且很可能將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去 根據(jù)表中所述

12、內(nèi)容，上面列舉的四個漢語的例句與相應(yīng)的英語譯文 第 7 頁，共 100 頁對比如下： 時態(tài) 漢語 英語 一般現(xiàn)在時 我每天步行上班。 I walk towork everyday. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 媽媽正在看書。 My mother isreading. 現(xiàn)在完成時 他已經(jīng)病了三天了。 He has beenill for 33 days. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 他從上課開始一直在說話。He hasbeen talking since the beginning of the class. 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 判斷下列句子的時態(tài) 1)The sun rises in the east and sets in

13、the west. 2)Mary is doing her homework. 3)My mother has been ill for three days. 4)I have been looking for you everywhere. 5)They are discussing how to sell the goodselsewhere. 第 8 頁，共 100 頁6)My mother works at the same company as my father.7)She has been waiting for her boss for almost anhour. 8)I

14、have not seen her since 1991. 9)Japan lies to the east of China. 10)What are you doing? 【練習(xí)解析】 1)一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)the sun，所以兩個動詞rise和set的詞尾都加上了-s； 2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主語Mary是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以be動詞采用的是is； 3)現(xiàn)在完成時，主語my mother是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以助動詞have采用的是has； 4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，主語為第一人稱； 5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主語they是復(fù)數(shù)，所以be動詞采用的是are；6)一般現(xiàn)在時，主語mymother是第三人稱

15、單數(shù)，所以動詞work的詞尾加上了-s； 7)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，主語she是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以助動詞have采用的是has； 第 9 頁，共 100 頁8)現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為第一人稱； 9)一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Japan是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以動詞lie的詞尾加上了-s； 10)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主語為第二人稱。 【鞏固練習(xí)】（五） 1. 判斷下列各句的時態(tài)： 1)We have been living here for 20 years already. 2)He is reading outside. 3)He has just come back. 4)Light travels faster than

16、 sound. 5)I have studied English since I was ten. 6) She studies very hard. 7)Its been snowing. 8)The teacher is talking with his students. 9)We go there once a week. 10)Weve been waiting for you. 2. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1)I _ (look) for my book all the morning. 第 10 頁，共 100 頁2)Tom _ (sing) well. He _ (sin

17、g) a song now. 3)I cannot go out because I _ (not, finish) myhomework. 4)He can speak two foreign languages. Now he _(learn) a third one. 5)He usually _ (drink) coffee but today he _(drink) tea. 6)Mary _ (pass) all her examinations. Lets havea party and celebrate it. 7)You _ (speak) too fast. I can

18、not understandyou. 8)He _ (sleep) since ten oclock. Its time forhim to get up. 9)My daughter _(watch) TV every other day. 10)I _ (not, see) him for three years. 【鞏固練習(xí)】（五）答案 1. 判斷下列各句的時態(tài)： 1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；3)現(xiàn)在完成時；4)一般現(xiàn)在時；5)現(xiàn)在完成時；6)一般現(xiàn)在時；7)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；8)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；9)一般現(xiàn)在時；10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 2. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 第 11 頁，共

19、 100 頁1) have been looking；2) sings / is singing；3)have not finished；4) is learning；5) drinks / is drinking；6) has passed；7) have spoken；8) has been sleeping；9)watches；10) have not seen。 二、過去時 【語法講解】 相對于現(xiàn)在時，過去時就是將事件發(fā)生的時間向過去推移。下面將現(xiàn)在時和過去時進(jìn)行對比： 過去時（以do為例） 一般式 did （動詞過去式） 過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行式 was/ were doing

20、 過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作完成式 had done（動詞過去分詞）1.過去某個時間或某個動作之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作；2.過去某個時間開始延續(xù)到過去另一個時間 的動作 過去完成進(jìn)行式 had been doing 過去某個時間以前開始并延續(xù)到過去這個時間的動作 【特別提醒】 第 12 頁，共 100 頁動詞過去式和過去分詞的規(guī)則變化為在動詞后面直接加-ed，而不規(guī)則變化則需要特殊記憶。 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 判斷下列句子中黑體字部分的時態(tài) 1)He said that he had written her a letter. 2)He lived in London when he was young.

21、 3)The telephone had been ringing for three minutesbefore somebody answered it. 4)I was doing my homework when he called me. 5)I went to school at six. 6)He often came to help me at that time. 7)Dick had been smoking for ten years before hedecided to give it up last year. 8)When I saw her, she was w

22、orking at the computer.49)We were surprised at what she had done. 10) I waited until he had finished his work. 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 第 13 頁，共 100 頁判斷下列句子中黑體字部分的時態(tài) 1)He said that he had written her a letter. 2)He lived in London when he was young. 3)The telephone had been ringing for three minutesbefore somebody an

23、swered it. 4)I was doing my homework when he called me. 5)I went to school at six. 6)He often came to help me at that time. 7)Dick had been smoking for ten years before hedecided to give it up last year. 8)When I saw her, she was working at the computer. 9)We were surprised at what she had done. 10)

24、I waited until he had finished his work. 【練習(xí)解析】 1)過去完成時，had written表明在said這個過去的動作之前就已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動作； 2)一般過去時，表明過去發(fā)生的動作； 3)過去完成進(jìn)行時，表明過去開始并延續(xù)到somebodyanswered it 第 14 頁，共 100 頁這個時間的動作； 4)過去進(jìn)行時，表明在he called me這一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作； 5)一般過去時，表明過去發(fā)生的動作； 6)一般過去時，表明過去發(fā)生的動作； 7)過去完成進(jìn)行時，表明過去開始并延續(xù)到he decided 這個時間的動作； 8)過去進(jìn)行時，表明在

25、I saw her這一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作；9)一般過去時，表明過去發(fā)生的動作； 10)過去完成時，had finished表明在waited這個過去的動作之前就已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動作。 【鞏固練習(xí)】（六） 1. 判斷下列各句的時態(tài)： 1)We had been waiting for her for two hours by thetime she came. 2)I was writing a paper in the library at 3yesterday afternoon. 3)The train had left before we got to the station. 4)He wa

26、s here just now. 第 15 頁，共 100 頁5)She bought the bike two years ago. 6)The old man had been ill for a long time beforehe died in 19837)I saw him yesterday. 8)It had been raining before you came back. 9)We were having a meeting when he came in. 10)By the end of 1993, this factory had produced200000 ca

27、rs. 2. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1)When I came, the students _ (do) their homework.2)The teacher was very angry when he _ (see) whatthe boys _ (do). 3)When I arrived, the class _ (begin). 4)When the teacher came to the classroom, they _(do) their homework for an hour. 5)I _ (share) a flat with him when we _ (be

28、)students twenty years ago. 6)She _ (not, pass) the exam yesterday because she_ (not, prepare) her lessons well. 第 16 頁，共 100 頁7)You _ (seem) very busy when I _ (see) you lastnight. 8)I _ (find) the ring as I _ (dig) the garden. 9)By the time Tom left school, he _ (learn)English and French. 10)He sa

29、id that he _ (work) at it for half anhour. 【鞏固練習(xí)】（六） 1. 判斷下列各句的時態(tài)： 1)過去完成進(jìn)行時；2)過去進(jìn)行時；3)過去完成時；4)一般過去時；5)一般過去時；6)過去完成時；7)一般過去時；8)過去完成進(jìn)行時；9)過去進(jìn)行時；10)過去完成時。 2. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1) were doing；2) saw / had done；3) had begun；4)had been doing；5) shared / were；6) did not pass / had notprepared；7) seemed / saw；8

30、) found / was digging；9) hadlearned；10) had been working。 三、將來時 【語法講解】 相對于現(xiàn)在時，將來時就是將事件發(fā)生的時間向?qū)硗埔啤Ｏ旅鎸?第 17 頁，共 100 頁現(xiàn)在時和將來時進(jìn)行對比： 將來時（以do為例） 一般式 shall/will do 將來發(fā)生的動作或情況 進(jìn)行式 shall/will be doing將來某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作 完成式 shall/will have done將來某個時間或某個動作之前就已經(jīng)完成的動作 【特別提醒】 1）在美國英語中不論是第幾人稱，將來時都可以用“will +動詞原形”。 2）由于將

31、來完成進(jìn)行時很少使用，這里將不作介紹。 3）一般將來時除了有will (shall)的構(gòu)成形式之外，還有：A.am (is, are) going to +動詞原形，表最近打算去做的事情或可能要發(fā)生的事情。 B.am (is, are) about to +動詞原形，表示即將發(fā)生的動作。 C.am (is, are) to +動詞原形，表必須或計劃要進(jìn)行的動作。 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 判斷下列句子的時態(tài) 1)We wont be free tonight. 第 18 頁，共 100 頁2)This time next week she will be working in thatcompany. 3

32、)Ill have done all the work by the time you areback this evening. 54)They will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 5)We shall be having a business talk with Mr. Brownin a minute. 6)The birds will have moved to the south beforewinter comes. 7)He is going to meet Mary at the airport. 8)The train will arrive s

33、oon. 9)Ill be waiting for you at school after supper. 10)We hope it will have stopped raining before weset off for the picnic. 【練習(xí)解析】 1)一般將來時；2)將來進(jìn)行時，表明將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作；3)將來完成時，表明到將來某時間將要完成的動作；4)一般將來時；5)將來進(jìn)行時，表明將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作；6)將來完成時，表明到將來某時間將要完成的動作；7)一般將來時；8)一般將來時； 第 19 頁，共 100 頁9)將來進(jìn)行時，表明將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作

34、；10)將來完成時，表明到將來某時間將要完成的動作。 【鞏固練習(xí)】（七） 1. 判斷下列各句的時態(tài)： 1)He will come and help you. 2)By this time next year, I shall have lived herefor 20 years. 3)Ill be back at 7:30 this evening. 4)By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on thebeach. 5)Hurry up! Or she will have left before we getthere. 6)Its going to r

35、ain. 7)The lecture is about to begin. 8)Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at anyminute. 9)We are to put up a new school by the river. 10)By the end of this term, the students will havelearned 2000 English words. 2. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1)I _ (believe) it when I see it. 2)By six this evening, my parents

36、 _ (return) fromtheir work. 第 20 頁，共 100 頁3)Youd better go back now. Your mother _(wonder) where you are. 4)Im sure that you _ (go) with me. 5)The film _ (start) by the time we get there. 6)Ive reminded you once; I _ (not, do) it again.7)This shop _ (close) down by next week. 8)When you arrive, I _

37、(pick) fruit. 9)In a few days time, we _ (fly) over thePacific. 10)By the end of this month, they _ (complete) theroad construction. 【鞏固練習(xí)】（七） 1. 判斷下列各句的時態(tài)： 1)一般將來時；2)將來完成時；3)一般將來時；4)將來進(jìn)行時；5)將來完成時；6)一般將來時；7)一般將來時；8)將來進(jìn)行時；9)一般將來時10)將來完成時。 2. 用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1) will believe；2) will have returned；3) iswo

38、ndering；4) will go；5) will have started；6) will notdo；7) will have 第 21 頁，共 100 頁closed；8) will be picking；9) will be flying；10)will have completed。 四、過去將來時 【語法講解】 過去將來時主要用來表示過去某一時間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，可以看成時一般過去時和一般將來時的合并。過去將來時（以do為例）的形式如下： 1）would (should) do 2）was (were) going to do 3）was (were) about t

39、o do 4）was (were) to do 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 將下列句子譯成漢語 1)He told me that he would see me off at thestation. 2)I asked her where she would spend her holiday. 3)They were going to have a meeting. 4)I was about to go out when a friend of minedropped in. 5)They were to visit the White House thatafternoon. 第 22 頁，共 10

40、0 頁【練習(xí)解析】 1）他告訴我他要到車站給我送行。 2）我問她將在什么地方度假。 3）他們當(dāng)時正要開會。 4）我剛要出去，這時我的一個朋友來了。 5）他們計劃那天下午參觀白宮。 【鞏固練習(xí)】（八） 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1)Who _ (invent) the worlds first computer? 2)Language teachers often _ (offer) advice tolanguage learners. 3)Go out and get some fresh air! You _ (sit) therereading all morning. 4)The wa

41、iter soon _(bring) him a cup of tea butthe Englishman shook his head. 5)Since his father died three years ago, he _(not, pay) any taxes. 6)Mary told me that she _ (see) you before. 第 23 頁，共 100 頁7)When I entered the lab, she _ (make) anexperiment. 8)My father went to Shenzhen in 1988 and he _(work)

42、there ever since. 9)“What are you doing now?” “I _(prepare) mylessons for the final exam.” 10)What _ (happen) here? There is blood on thefloor. 【鞏固練習(xí)】（八） 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空 1) invented；2) offer；3) have been sitting；4)brought；5) has not paid；6) had seen；7) was making；8) hasbeen working； 69) am preparing；10

43、) has happened。 第三講 謂語（二） 語態(tài) (Voice) 【語法講解】 一、形式 漢語里， 我們會聽到類似這樣的句子： 1）“我打他了?！?）“他被我打了?！?第 24 頁，共 100 頁這兩個句子表達(dá)的是同樣的內(nèi)容，但第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“是我打的他”，而第二句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“是他挨打了”。兩個句子的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。第一句“我”是主語，謂語“打”這個動作是“我”發(fā)出的，所以第一句在語法上叫做“主動語態(tài)”；第二句“他”是主語，“他”是“打”這個動作的承受者，所以第二句在語法上叫做“被動語態(tài)”。 與之相對應(yīng)的英語譯文是： 1）I beat him.2) He was beaten by me

44、. 漢語里的被動語態(tài)是通過“被”字體現(xiàn)的，而英語中，被動語態(tài)是通過 “be+及物動詞的過去分詞”的這一形式體現(xiàn)出來的。以動詞do為例，常用的被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)的形式如下： 現(xiàn)在時 過去時 將來時 過去將來時 一般 is (am, are) done was (were) donewill (shall) be done would (should) be done 進(jìn)行 is (am, are) being done was (were) beingdone _ _ 完成 have (has) been done had been done_ _ 第 25 頁，共 100 頁【特別提醒】 1）

45、被動語態(tài)中，助動詞be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。 2）能夠在被動語態(tài)中使用的動詞必須是“及物動詞”，因為只有及物動詞才有賓語，才能將其賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)句中的主語。 3）在被動語態(tài)句中，通常不用指出動作的執(zhí)行者。如果有必要指出，則在句末用介詞by代表動作執(zhí)行者的名詞或代詞來表示。 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 判斷下列被動語態(tài)句的時態(tài) 1)Cars are seen everywhere in cities. 2)The work was finally finished. 3)Mary will be invited to dinner tonight. 4)The window has been broke

46、n. 5)The classroom is being cleaned by the students. 6)The house had been repaired before he came back. 7)He said that no water would be brought to theriver if there was no rain. 8)The program was being broadcasted when he cooked.【練習(xí)解析】 第 26 頁，共 100 頁判斷被動語態(tài)句的時態(tài)主要以助動詞be的變化為依據(jù)。因此： 1句中are說明本句是一般現(xiàn)在時；2句中

47、was說明本句是一般過去時；3句中will be說明本句是一般將來時；4句中hasbeen說明本句是現(xiàn)在完成時；5句中is being說明本句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；6句中had been說明本句是過去完成時；7句中would be說明本句是過去將來時；8句中was being說明本句是過去進(jìn)行時。 二、主動語態(tài)向被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 主動語態(tài)向被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換可以分為三步： 1）確定句子的主、謂、賓； 2）確定句子的時態(tài)； 3）將主動語態(tài)句中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)句中的主語，并要求被動語態(tài)句中的助動詞be在人稱和數(shù)上與之保持一致。被動語態(tài)句的時態(tài)與原句一致，原句的謂語動詞要變?yōu)檫^去分詞放在助動詞be之后。 例如

48、： People keep all the books in good order in thelibrary. 1)句子的主語是people，謂語是keep，賓語是all thebooks; 2)句子的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時； 第 27 頁，共 100 頁3)將主動語態(tài)句的賓語all the books用作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時are，將keep變?yōu)檫^去分詞kept。動作執(zhí)行者people在被動語態(tài)句中可以省略。所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為： All the books are kept in good order in thelibrary. 再例如： The police

49、 asked each of them about the accident. 1）句子的主語是the police，謂語是asked，賓語是eachof them; 2）句子的時態(tài)是一般過去時； 3）將主動語態(tài)句的賓語each of them用作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be變?yōu)橐话氵^去時was，ask的過去分詞是asked。動作的執(zhí)行者the police可以放在句末，通過介詞短語by thepolice來表示。所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為： Each of them was asked about the accident by thepolice. 【特別提醒】 1）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動

50、語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成是：情態(tài)動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞。例如： Bad things sometimes can be turned into goodthings. 第 28 頁，共 100 頁2）短語動詞（即動詞介詞或副詞等）應(yīng)作為一個整體看待，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不能丟掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞等。例如： The children have been taken good care of by thenurse. 3）主動語態(tài)中若是有雙賓語，變被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時，只將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語不變。例如： I gave him a watch. 在這個句子中有兩個賓語，him（間接賓語）和a wa

51、tch（直接賓語）?？梢赃x擇間接賓語him作被動語態(tài)中的主語，則這句話的被動語態(tài)為：He was given a watch by me. 或者選擇直接賓語a watch作被動語態(tài)中的主語，則這句話的被動語態(tài)為：A watch wasgiven to him. 注意：當(dāng)直接賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語時，后面保留的間接賓語前有時要加一個介詞to。 【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài) 1)Someone had cleaned the window. 2)We use the room only on special occasions. 7 第 29 頁，共 100 頁3)They were st

52、arting a new system. 4)You must finish the homework before 9. 5)Somebody has already told him to come. 【練習(xí)解析】 1)句子的主語是someone，謂語是had cleaned，賓語是thewindow；句子的時態(tài)是過去完成時；將主動語態(tài)句的賓語the window用作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be變?yōu)檫^去完成時hadbeen，clean的過去分詞為cleaned，動作執(zhí)行者someone在被動語態(tài)句中可以省略。 所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為：The window had beenclean

53、ed. 2)句子的主語是we，謂語是use，賓語是the room;句子的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時；將主動語態(tài)句的賓語the room用作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時is，use的過去分詞為used，動作執(zhí)行者we在被動語態(tài)句中可以省略。 所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為：The room is onlyused on special occasions. 3)句子的主語是they，謂語是were starting，賓語是a newsystem;句子的時態(tài)是過去進(jìn)行時；將主動語態(tài)句的賓語a newsystem用 第 30 頁，共 100 頁作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時was

54、 being，start的過去分詞為started，動作執(zhí)行者they在被動語態(tài)句中可以省略。 所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為：A new system wasbeing started. 4)句子的主語是you，謂語是must finish，賓語是thehomework;句子中由于出現(xiàn)了情態(tài)助動詞must，所以不考慮其時態(tài)；將主動語態(tài)句的賓語thehomework用作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be在情態(tài)動詞must后仍為原形be，finish的過去分詞為finished，動作執(zhí)行者you在被動語態(tài)句中可以省略。 所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為：The homework must befinis

55、hed before 9. 5)句子的主語是somebody，謂語是has already told，賓語是him;句子的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時；將主動語態(tài)句的賓語him用作被動語態(tài)句的主語，助動詞be變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在完成時has been，tell的過去分詞為told，動作執(zhí)行者somebody在被動語態(tài)句中可以省略。 所以，這句話的被動語態(tài)的形式為：He has already beentold to come. 第 31 頁，共 100 頁三、被動語態(tài)的用法 被動語態(tài)常用于以下情況: 1）我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如： His car was stolen last week.一個星期前他的汽車被

56、盜了。 2）我們認(rèn)為沒有必要指出或不想指出動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：TV ads are usually repeated over and over again. 電視廣告通常一遍又一遍地重復(fù)播放。 如果需要指出被動語態(tài)句中動作的執(zhí)行者，則用介詞by代表動作執(zhí)行者的名詞或代詞。例如： The window has been cleaned by Mary. 【鞏固練習(xí)】（九） 1將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)，并根據(jù)情況保留或去掉動作的執(zhí)行者 1)They will say nothing more about this matter. 2)They have made some flowers of s

57、ilk. 3)He wrote a poem. 4)The students are planting some trees and flowers.5)They are to open up a new business next week. 第 32 頁，共 100 頁6)Children couldnt have done all this damage. 7)All of us will see him off at the airport. 8)They feed the tigers at the zoo three times aday. 9)You must hand in y

58、our homework before five. 10)People say that she is a good teacher. 2. 用所給動詞的正確形式填空 1)English _ (speak) in many countries. 2)Information in short-term memory _ (can, not,keep) very long. 3)After that, one of the lights _ (turn off) andthe rat had to wait for a short time. 4)Just a few years ago, tom

59、atoes _ (believe) tohave magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love. 5)It is said new copies of the book _ (print) now.6)The old house _ (pull) down next month. 7)In the old days, the children _ (take care of)by the mother because she did not work outside the house. 8)Needless to say, t

60、he second list of words _(can, remember) 第 33 頁，共 100 頁more easily than the first one. 9)She _ (send) to another village when I gotthere. 10)The teacher said that we _ (give) anotherchance some time next month if we failed in the exam. 【鞏固練習(xí)】（九）答案 1將下列句子改為被動語態(tài) 1)Nothing more will be said about this