1、Amplification增譯u語(yǔ)法增詞l不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞l時(shí)態(tài)增詞：時(shí)態(tài)增詞：動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞介詞介詞l多枝共干多枝共干l增加概括詞增加概括詞/ 范疇詞范疇詞u邏輯增詞l增加背景知識(shí)增加背景知識(shí)l增加具體精確性增加具體精確性l增加注解增加注解u修辭增詞修辭增詞l借代詞格借代詞格l一語(yǔ)雙續(xù)一語(yǔ)雙續(xù)u語(yǔ)境增詞l加強(qiáng)行文連貫加強(qiáng)行文連貫增加程度副詞增加程度副詞增加修飾語(yǔ)增加修飾語(yǔ)l補(bǔ)足原文的語(yǔ)氣：補(bǔ)足原文的語(yǔ)氣： 增加語(yǔ)氣詞增加語(yǔ)氣詞翻譯觀摩翻譯觀摩lTo the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.l東南方呈現(xiàn)一抹抹淺紅，正在向遠(yuǎn)處擴(kuò)展。lIt

2、was also a limited engagement.l這也是一樁樁有時(shí)間限制的婚約。l量詞的增譯量詞的增譯 符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣l名詞復(fù)數(shù)的增譯lHe had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me.l他有個(gè)習(xí)慣，每次見(jiàn)到我都要跟我講些講些笑話(huà)。lCorrespondents went flying off to Baghdad for interview last month.l上個(gè)月，記者紛紛紛紛飛到巴格達(dá)進(jìn)行采訪(fǎng)。lThe very earth trembled as with the tramps of ho

3、rses and murmur of angry men.l大地震動(dòng)，仿佛萬(wàn)馬奔騰萬(wàn)馬奔騰，千夫怒吼千夫怒吼。lThe essence retains its identity while appearances may vary. (identity=sameness)l萬(wàn)萬(wàn)變不離其宗l名詞復(fù)數(shù)的增譯名詞復(fù)數(shù)的增譯 更具體，更有文采更具體，更有文采lWash before meal.l飯前飯前洗洗手手。lMary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.l瑪麗在丈夫患急性肺炎去世之后，就靠瑪麗在丈夫患急性肺炎

4、去世之后，就靠洗洗衣服衣服維持生活。維持生活。lDay after day he came to his work - sweeping, scrubbing and cleaning.l他每天來(lái)干活他每天來(lái)干活掃掃地地，擦，擦地板地板，收拾，收拾房間房間。lThey ate and drank, for they were exhausted.l他們吃了他們吃了點(diǎn)東西點(diǎn)東西，喝了，喝了點(diǎn)酒點(diǎn)酒，因?yàn)樗麄兤v不堪了。，因?yàn)樗麄兤v不堪了。l最終父親從煙霧中抬起頭，父親堅(jiān)定地說(shuō)，最終父親從煙霧中抬起頭，父親堅(jiān)定地說(shuō)，拔拔。 （畢飛宇（畢飛宇 祖宗祖宗）lFinally, Father lifte

5、d his head in the smoke and said firmly, “Pull them.” (Tr. John Balcom)l語(yǔ)法增詞語(yǔ)法增詞: 不及物動(dòng)詞增譯名詞不及物動(dòng)詞增譯名詞-意思表達(dá)更完整意思表達(dá)更完整uFor example, he followed closely the development of the discoveries made in the field of electricity and recently those of Marcel Deprez. (Frederick Engels: “Speech at the Grave-side o

6、f Karl Marx”)l馬列著作編譯局的譯文: 例如，他曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)密切地注意電學(xué)方而的各種各種發(fā)展情況，不久以前，他還注意了馬賽爾得普勒的發(fā)現(xiàn)。l時(shí)態(tài)增詞時(shí)態(tài)增詞:動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)增詞時(shí)態(tài)增詞:動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)uI noticed that you used “walked” in the park instead of “Walk” just now, but it cannot be true.l我注意到剛才說(shuō)你已經(jīng)在公園里散散過(guò)過(guò)步步而不是還沒(méi)有，但那是不可能的。uInstead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words

7、 we are really so glad to hear.l相反，聽(tīng)到我們實(shí)際上非常樂(lè)意聽(tīng)的話(huà)，我們往往往往會(huì)不知所措，或往往往往聳聳肩膀不屑一顧。時(shí)態(tài)增詞:動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示時(shí)態(tài)uHe was the late presidents alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of the president to be in office.l他過(guò)去過(guò)去是是已故總統(tǒng)的密友/知己，而現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在是即將就職的總統(tǒng)親密而有影響力的朋友。uHuman beings, were, are and always will be trying t

8、o improve their living conditions. 無(wú)論無(wú)論是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在還是還是未來(lái)未來(lái)，人類(lèi)總是在盡力改善生活條件。uA true friend is someone who accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future.lA true friend will accept the one who you were, support the one who you are and inspire the one who you will be.真正的朋友會(huì)接受你的過(guò)去，力真

9、正的朋友會(huì)接受你的過(guò)去，力挺你的現(xiàn)在，鼓舞你的未來(lái)。挺你的現(xiàn)在，鼓舞你的未來(lái)。時(shí)態(tài)增詞:介詞表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)1)The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.l 兩國(guó)間的技術(shù)合作和文化交流兩國(guó)間的技術(shù)合作和文化交流正在日益增加正在日益增加。l2) The enemy is on the run and our army is in pursuit.l敵人敵人正在逃跑正在逃跑，我軍，我軍正在追擊正在追擊。l3) The two countries w

10、ere then at war with each other.l當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)時(shí)兩國(guó)兩國(guó)正在正在交戰(zhàn)交戰(zhàn).（單數(shù)）（單數(shù)）l4) Several new therapeutic applications of light are under development.l有幾種關(guān)于光的醫(yī)療新用途有幾種關(guān)于光的醫(yī)療新用途正在研發(fā)過(guò)程中正在研發(fā)過(guò)程中。邏輯增詞： 多枝共干uHe was studying Greek sculpture of the primitive and classical periods.l他正在研究他正在研究原始原始時(shí)期和時(shí)期和古典古典時(shí)期時(shí)期的希臘雕塑。的希臘雕塑。uAfter

11、his return to U.S., he held museum and teaching posts in New York City.l他回到美國(guó)后在紐約市的他回到美國(guó)后在紐約市的博物館博物館任職任職，后又，后又擔(dān)任擔(dān)任教教學(xué)學(xué)工作。工作。The Korean and Suez Wars 朝鮮朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和蘇伊士和蘇伊士戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)Korea and Suez are at wars 戰(zhàn)火在朝鮮和蘇伊士戰(zhàn)火在朝鮮和蘇伊士燃燒燃燒 （復(fù)數(shù)）（復(fù)數(shù)）不能譯為：朝鮮和蘇伊士在交戰(zhàn)不能譯為：朝鮮和蘇伊士在交戰(zhàn)uYoung Charles made little progress in Greek

12、or Latin composition. 年輕的查爾斯的年輕的查爾斯的希臘文作文希臘文作文和和拉丁文作文拉丁文作文進(jìn)步不進(jìn)步不大。大。 He received several baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulation on his birthday. 他收到了他收到了好幾籃祝賀他生日的好幾籃祝賀他生日的明信片、信件和電明信片、信件和電報(bào)。報(bào)。 他收到了好幾籃生日他收到了好幾籃生日賀賀卡、卡、賀賀信和信和賀賀電。電。u 多枝共干翻譯要點(diǎn)：多枝共干翻譯要點(diǎn)： 1. 詞序詞序 2. 重復(fù)加譯重復(fù)加譯補(bǔ)充： 多枝共干

13、翻譯練習(xí)l1.As professor of American and comparative ethnology at the university of Goteberg, Sweden from 1924 to 1932, he had a marked influence on anthropology in Sweden and Denmark.（人種學(xué)，民族學(xué)） l2.All plant and animal tissues are largely composed of carbon compounds, water, and a small mineral content.l3

14、.They saw no need to give rules for nominalization or the construction of causative sentences which pupils constantly used.l1.1924到到1932年，年， 他任瑞典的歌德堡大學(xué)美洲他任瑞典的歌德堡大學(xué)美洲人人種學(xué)種學(xué)和比較和比較人種學(xué)人種學(xué)的教授，對(duì)瑞典和丹麥的人類(lèi)的教授，對(duì)瑞典和丹麥的人類(lèi)學(xué)研究產(chǎn)生重大的影響學(xué)研究產(chǎn)生重大的影響。（ Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that deals with the division

15、 of humankind into races and with their origins and distribution and distinctive characteristics Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.）l2.所有植物組織組織和動(dòng)物組織組織（或：“所有動(dòng)植物組動(dòng)植物組織織”）主要由碳水化合物、水和少量的礦物質(zhì)組成。l3.他們認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要總結(jié)學(xué)生經(jīng)常使用的學(xué)生經(jīng)常使用的名詞化規(guī)規(guī)則則和役使句構(gòu)造的規(guī)則規(guī)則語(yǔ)法增詞: 概括詞概括詞 范疇詞范疇詞The advantage

16、s of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.這大廳有這大廳有四大四大優(yōu)點(diǎn)：明亮、寬敞、樣式新穎、沒(méi)有回聲。優(yōu)點(diǎn)：明亮、寬敞、樣式新穎、沒(méi)有回聲。lThe thesis summed up the achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.l這篇論文總結(jié)了電子計(jì)算機(jī)、人造衛(wèi)星和火箭這篇論文總結(jié)了電子計(jì)算機(jī)、人造衛(wèi)星和火箭等三方等三方面面的成就。的成就。lChina, the United States

17、, England and France are members of the UN Security Council.l中、美、英、法中、美、英、法四國(guó)四國(guó)是聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)成員國(guó)。是聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)成員國(guó)。語(yǔ)法增詞: 概括詞概括詞 范疇詞范疇詞lYou and I should not do such a thing.l你我你我二人二人不該干這種事。不該干這種事。lThis country is militarily, politically and economically strong.l這個(gè)國(guó)家在軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)這個(gè)國(guó)家在軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各方面等各方面都很強(qiáng)大。都很強(qiáng)大。lThey tal

18、ked about inflation, unemployment, financial investment and environmental protection.l他們談到了通貨膨脹、失業(yè)、金融投資以及環(huán)境保護(hù)他們談到了通貨膨脹、失業(yè)、金融投資以及環(huán)境保護(hù)等問(wèn)等問(wèn)題題。His diligence, earnestness, carefulness and brilliance make him praised by all.l他勤勉、踏實(shí)、細(xì)心、才華過(guò)人，他勤勉、踏實(shí)、細(xì)心、才華過(guò)人，凡此種種凡此種種都使他受到眾都使他受到眾人的夸獎(jiǎng)。人的夸獎(jiǎng)。語(yǔ)法增詞: 概括詞概括詞 范疇詞范疇詞u盜

19、竊案件現(xiàn)又有增加的趨勢(shì)趨勢(shì)。lNow stealing is on the increase again.u在計(jì)劃工作中的所犯的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。lA serious mistake in the work of planning.u促進(jìn)和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)lPromoting the cause of peaceful reunificationu經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下的改革lReforms in the sphere of the economy邏輯增詞：邏輯增詞：增加背景知識(shí)增加背景知識(shí)lThis great scientist was born in New England.l這位偉大的科學(xué)家出生在美國(guó)東北部的美

20、國(guó)東北部的新英格蘭。lAs an anthropologist he examined Indian cultures of the Americas。l作為人類(lèi)學(xué)家，他對(duì)南北美洲南北美洲的印第安人的文化做了比較lNixon learned that China would welcome a presidential visit.l尼克松了解到，中國(guó)將歡迎尼克松了解到，中國(guó)將歡迎美國(guó)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)總統(tǒng)來(lái)華來(lái)華訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。lHygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor o

21、ld nervous woman?l按照這樣的養(yǎng)生之道.別說(shuō)可憐的心驚膽戰(zhàn)的老太太.就連健康女神哈奇亞健康女神哈奇亞也會(huì)害病。邏輯增詞：增加具體精確性lSpeed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computer.l譯文: 速度快快、可靠性高高是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。lThis shows that the resistance of an electric conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-section area.l這表明，導(dǎo)體電阻的大小電阻

22、的大小與導(dǎo)體橫切面的大小橫切面的大小成反比。l發(fā)展發(fā)展才是硬道理。lEconomic growth is most important.lAccording to scientists ; Basically ; Ideally;l根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的看法根據(jù)科學(xué)家們的看法 就其基本內(nèi)容而言就其基本內(nèi)容而言 最理想最理想的情況是的情況是邏輯增詞：增加具體精確性lYou must come back before nine. Period!l你必須在九點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。你必須在九點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。沒(méi)什么可商量的余沒(méi)什么可商量的余地地。lperiod: adv. 到此為止；不再說(shuō)了到此為止；不再說(shuō)了 Some pe

23、ople say period after stating a fact or opinion when they want to emphasize that they are definite about something and do not want to discuss it further. e.g. I dont want to do it, period. l我不想做，這事就到此為止吧。我不想做，這事就到此為止吧。邏輯增詞：邏輯增詞：增加注解增加注解lThe meals can be had at the restaurant, the workers canteen and

24、 the school dinning-room.l一日三餐一日三餐可以在飯館、工廠食堂或?qū)W校飯廳里吃lThere are books and books.l書(shū)有種種，好壞不一好壞不一。lEveryone knows that Johns only a fair-weather friend.l人人皆知約翰是只能同安樂(lè)不能共患難的朋友只能同安樂(lè)不能共患難的朋友。lI enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world.l我喜歡想方設(shè)法使我自己和我的

25、學(xué)生從遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)從遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)與實(shí)際的與實(shí)際的象牙塔里走出來(lái)，步入現(xiàn)實(shí)世界。修辭增詞：借代 MetonymylNo phrase was borrowed: it was pure Roosevelt. (The Glory and the Dream)l這里沒(méi)有一句話(huà)因襲別人，純粹是羅斯福的口吻羅斯福的口吻。lHe reads Shakespeare.l他閱讀莎士比亞的作品莎士比亞的作品。lRubinstein was renowned for his rendition of Tchaikovsky.l魯賓斯坦以演奏柴可夫斯基的作品柴可夫斯基的作品而著名。l The Qin Shihuangs

26、were only tyrants of Chinese history.秦始皇之流只能是中國(guó)歷史上的暴君。lI believe you can find the Lu Xun in the library.我l相信你能在圖書(shū)館內(nèi)找到曾迅的著作。語(yǔ)境增詞語(yǔ)境增詞：增加程度副詞：增加程度副詞 以加強(qiáng)行文連貫以加強(qiáng)行文連貫lThe crowds melted away.l人群漸漸漸漸散開(kāi)了lobserving the dear as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter prog

27、ressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.l觀察鹿是如何隨著冬季來(lái)臨從夏秋的活動(dòng)頻繁狀態(tài)而變得少動(dòng)的， 而到冰雪逐漸逐漸融化的春季時(shí)，他們的活動(dòng)又是如何增多起來(lái)的。lTime drops in decay, like a candle burnt out.l時(shí)間一點(diǎn)一滴地逝去，猶如蠟燭慢慢燃盡。語(yǔ)境增詞語(yǔ)境增詞：增加程度副詞：增加程度副詞 以加強(qiáng)行文連貫以加強(qiáng)行文連貫lHe, had sat long hours watching the clock，waiting for the minute

28、s to passl 他一坐就是好幾個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)好幾個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)，眼睛盯著鐘，等待時(shí)間一分鐘一分鐘地一分鐘一分鐘地消逝”lAs he sat down and began talking, words poured out.l他一坐下來(lái)就講開(kāi)了，滔滔不絕地滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒(méi)完。語(yǔ)境增詞：lWomen screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.l女人尖叫，小孩歡鬧，男人們靜靜地站著觀看，對(duì)結(jié)果感興趣。lcf. 只聽(tīng)到女人們?cè)诩饨?，小孩們?cè)跉g鬧，男人們則靜靜地立在那兒袖手旁觀，

29、饒有興趣地等著看結(jié)果。l增加修飾語(yǔ)加強(qiáng)行文連貫增加修飾語(yǔ)加強(qiáng)行文連貫lThe moon seemed to sink, a crest reached and lost, and he watched it, catching the edge against the window, to try to hold it, but felt it pass.l月亮好像沉落下去，碰到了一座山頂，又隱沒(méi)了。他凝視著月亮，用手觸摸著映在窗上的光邊，想把它攥住，但是感到月光從他手指縫里流走了。（增譯能加強(qiáng)行文連貫）加強(qiáng)行文連貫）語(yǔ)境增詞：補(bǔ)足原文的語(yǔ)氣u “I hate you to be fidgeting in my presence.” exclaimed the young lady imperiously, not allowing her guest time to speak-she had failed to recover her equanimity since the little dispute with Heathcliff.l “Im sorry for it, Miss Catherine!” wasmy response, and I proceeded assiduously with my occupation.l Emily Br