1、考研寫作課程劉曉艷一 課程設置 作文概述 單詞 句子 句子的改寫和擴寫 段落論述 文章一 寫作概述 寫作題型，評分原則和方法 1 題型 2 原則和方法 黃金原則一 書寫工整，卷面整潔，字跡清晰 黃金原則二 語言第一，結構第二 內容第三二）考研寫作常見問題 1 單詞常見問題：A 單詞匱乏，重復使用；B 編造詞匯； dreamboat、 to my point，according to my opinionC 用詞不準確 D 語域問題 a 縮寫詞非正式 b 泛指的不定代詞you one you never know what measures the president will take. C

2、正式問題的引導詞that不能省略。 d 做定語或狀語的短語 the man standing in the corner looks so funny. he cried with a rose in his hands.e 插入語使句子更具正式性 E 拼寫錯誤 2. 語法常見問題： A、 單復數問題： 老師就像油燈一樣 B、 冠詞使用問題 C、 主謂一致問題： D、時態(tài)一致問題： E、詞性誤用問題 F . 中文思維的問題 G 并列結構不一致的問題 二）結構上的問題 結構指的是段落的安排和句子之間的銜接和連貫 1 缺少連詞 2 亂用連詞 3 隨意分段 三）內容上的問題 文章偏題或無內容可寫。

3、抓住個別細節(jié)進行錯誤引申 提綱規(guī)定的內容漏寫 論述空洞寬泛 二節(jié) 寫作滿分表達和練習 一 ）簡單句 1. 被動 1)當漢語用人們，我們或有人作主語時； 2)漢語的無主句也喜歡用 我們應該孝敬父母； Parents should be respected by us. Should Ought to Be supposed to Be obliged to We: the public private individuals the folk youngsters teenagers parents experts and professors all children and adults a

4、ll human beings men and women in all walks 我們不應該盲目追星； Superstars should not be pursued blindly by us. Not Never Seldom By no means Fail to 污染很嚴重 pollution is thought very serious by an increasing amount of private individuals Think Hold argue Contend assume presume Insist maintain assert claim Be of

5、 the opinion that Have been convinced that Cling to the perspective that Very Pretty quite rather Distinctly outstandingly Remarkably exceedingly Especially extraordinarily Enormously serious Grave severe fearful Be of great severity 二）there be 句型 There are many reaons explain the phenomenon. Be Loo

6、k smell taste feel sound Seem prove appear exist Become get Keep remain Many A sea of a host of a multitude of A train of an army of Immense amounts of Numerous innumerable Abundant plentiful Causes Factors elements explain account for lead to give rise to contribute to Be responsible for There is l

7、ittle doubt that There is little doubt that There are those who claim that There are those who claim that There is strong evidence to show There is strong evidence to show that that There is a growing worldwide There is a growing worldwide awareness around the world thatawareness around the world th

8、at There exist/ remain/ appear/prove 3 比較結構 1） as as Liu is very graceful; Liu looks as graceful as a red red rose, who can take many peoples breath away. 他很丑 He is as ugly as an standing toad, Which can make many people stop to look at him. 練習：英語很重要 English is as essential as air and water, which p

9、lays a key role in our daily life. Important Vital Significant essential Indispensable Play a key role in sth Be of great importance 污染很嚴重 Pollution is as serious as AIDS/ earthquakes, which can threaten patients health or even take their lives away. 2) the more the more 你爬的越遠，你看的越高 The more farther

10、 one climbs, the more higher one sees.。 越努力，越幸運。 The more harder every private individual are, the more luckily they will feel. 練習：我們花越多的時間追星，我們用在學習上的時間就越少 The more time students spend in pursuing stars, The less time they use on study. . 我們越自信，越容易取得成功 the more confident men and women in all walks k

11、eep, the more easily they achiece great success. 我們越快的采取措施，這個問題越能得到有效的解決 The more quick authorities take measures, the more effective the issue will be resolved Take measures Take steps/ action Solve Resolve Settle Deal with cope with Problem: Issue Phenomenon matter二 并列句 1.常見的連詞 And but Likewise si

12、milarly equally at the same time In the meanwhile conversely by contrast, on the contrary, contrarily, unexpectedly unfortunately nevertheless 描述圖畫的分類 1. 一幅圖 1）一個主體，兩個動作 2）兩個主體，兩個動作 2. 兩幅圖描述圖畫 踢老父親 In the picture, the eldest son is kicking out the old father. At the same time, the other 3 ones Are k

13、eeping guard. 練習：溫室 In the former picture ,A little flower is growing healthy in the greenhouse, on the contrary, in the latter one, it is withering in the storm. Picture Cartoon drawing Painting Caricature photograph 描述：追星 In the former photo, a man is writing the name of B on his face. At the same

14、 time, another youngster is spending 300 making his hair into Bstyle. Have sth done Have his hair cut into bs style并列結構二 Not only but also 養(yǎng)寵物的好處 減少我們的孤單？ Reduce loneliness 培養(yǎng)我們的愛心？ Cultivate our love heart. raising pets can not only reduce loneliness but also can cultivate our love heart. what is w

15、orse is that I forgot my book. 為什么孝敬父母 中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德 子女的義務 Respecting parents keeps not only a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring. 為什么自信重要？ Confidence not only can make you find more happiness in your life but also can have you make more friends.三 復合句 一）主語從句 that you

16、 never fail to fascinate me is obvious. It that It is common knowledge that It is my belief that It is self-evident that It has been found that It is beyond dispute that It is universally acknowledged that It has been widely accepted that It is generally agreed that 更好的主語從句的變體？ What seems generally

17、agreed is that 二）同位語和同位語從句 1 名詞做同位語 1）My boyfriend really has no much time to accompany me a rich businessman 2）Environmental pollution has become increasingly serious a problem threatening humans existence 3） a boy writes the name of beck ham on his face. a crazy football fan the symbol of someone

18、a worldwide famous star a part of the body 4) 練習 自信很重要； Confidence keeps essential in our success. An active mentality 2 同位語從句： 她長著一副大眼睛這個事實表明她是一個美女； The evidence that she wears a pair of big eyes manifests that she is really a beauty. 溫室里的花朵不能經受風雨這個事實表明，父母不應該溺愛孩子； The evidence that the flower in th

19、e greenhouse fail to undergo storm manifest that children should never be spoiled by their parents 為什么說合作很重要 The evidence that cooperation can make us get a lot of success indicates that it is definitely necessary when we face difficulties. Make sb do sth Have/get sb do sth Enable sb to do sth 污染使我們

20、失去了新鮮的空氣這個事實表明這個問題越來越嚴重了。 The evidence that pollution make us lose fresh air suggests that it has become increasingly serious. 文化交流能讓我們更多 的了解世界這個事實表明 這個問題的確值得我們關注。 culture communication be worthy doing Concern 三）定語和定語從句 1.定語成分 I love liu (beautiful) on the platform the daughter of liu enjoying singi

21、ng songs who keeps a teacher for years 2 定語在作文中的使用 An american girl is wearing chinese costume. Lovely as well as cute . of the minority Which is popular in the southeast of china The eldest son is kicking out his father. Who looks fat and cruel Crouching on the ground like a football Poor and old 萬

22、能定語 1.好的： as well as 連接兩個形容詞： Cute , lovely; Little Graceful ,elegant; Confident , energetic Enthusiastic ,passionate Who looks distinctly impressive to the readers 2. 壞的： Fat ， cruel ugly Negative ，dispassioned Terrible ， disgusting Who looks rather less impressive to readers. 3 定從的滿分表達 他是一個色狼，這是顯而

23、易見的。 He is a ladykiller, which has been widely accepted. 1) Which leaves us a deep 1) Which leaves us a deep impressionimpression 2) Which provokes the publics 2) Which provokes the publics widespread concernswidespread concerns 3) Which brings us the unnecessary/unexpected trouble 4 ) which gives r

24、ise to dreadful consequences. 四）狀語和狀語從句 1.何為狀語？ 2. 在作文中的應用 we are having class. in the center of the vivid picture. 描述原因的萬能狀語 1. as every one can see it 2. with the rapid advance of science and technology 3. in our contemporary society 4. in the general routine of everyday living 5. throughout the w

25、hole world. 6. although quite a few of adults fail to focus on it 3.狀從的滿分表達 1）讓步狀語從句 although 劉曉艷是一個美女 我愛你 教室里有很多人 A 為什么網絡不好？ 影響了我們的學習和工作； The internet show great influence on our study and work although it make our daily life more convenient. B 為什么說追星不好； Pursuing stars blindly exert great influence

26、 on our common life, especially on our study although those well-known men or women look pretty attractive superficially. 2）so that 孝敬父母很重要 keeps so significant that more time should be spared to do something for them. 溺愛孩子很嚴重了. Becomes so fearful that independence should be emphasized among our kid

27、s. Sth is so significant/fearful that it is time to pay much attention to the issue Pay attention to pour attention into place great emphasis on; attach great importance to; Focus on i hate you, I will kill you. I hating you, I will kill you. Hating you, I will kill you. I ,hating you, will kill you

28、. 作文中的使用 描述美國小女孩 An American girl is smiling An . is wearing Chinese traditional costume. An american girl, smiling sweetly on her face, is wearing chinese costume which is popular in the southeast of china. 殘疾人 Two disabled abandoned their walking- sticks Two disabled are helping each other to run

29、. Two disabled ，abandoning their walking sticks that help them to walk,are helping each other to run . 一幅圖一個主體兩個動作的模板是： sb （定、同），doing sth1.（次要）+定/狀，is doing sth2（主要）+定或狀 練習：老母雞 A hen with her face upward, laying some eggs behind her, is making a funny and surprising advertisement maybe in the marke

30、t.四 特殊結構 一）插入語 ：（ 1 ）常見的副詞及短語： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。 （ 2 ）常見的形容詞及短語： needless to say （不用說）， most important of all 等。 （ 3 ）常見的介詞短語： by the way， in a few words / in sum / in short， in other words， in general， in ones opinion / ju

31、dgment， in fact， in the first place， of course， to ones knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。 （ 4 ）常見的現在分詞短語： strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking； judging from / by （ 5 ）常見的動詞不定式短語： to be sure （無疑地）， to sum up （概括地說），

32、to tell the truth， to be honest， to be short， to conclude， to put it briefly， to put it in another way， to begin （ start ） with 等。 2. 插入句為簡短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地說）， that is （ to say ）（也就是說）， it seems （看來是）， as I see it （照我看來）， what

33、s more， whats worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 嚴重的是）， Im afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （據說）， as we all know。 二）雙重否定 1 Never fail to 1 Never fail to 2 Cannot have failed to do sth2 Cannot have failed to do sth Authorities - to make strict laws Authorities - to make strict laws to punish illegal to

34、 punish illegal 人/ /單位。三）修辭 1. 比喻 confidence is to humans as water is to fish sth1 is to 人 as the foundation is to high skyscrapers. As mothers are to little babies. As the infinite blue sky is to flying eagles. Sth is serious Sth1 is to 人 as pollution is to all the human beings. As intensive pain i

35、s to the terminally ill patients. As grave natural disasters are to powerless natives. Men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark. As every coin has two sides,_ is no exception As no garden has no weeds,_ has its own shortcomings.(the same is true of ) As every magic book has its weak points

36、,_ has its own weaknesses 2. 排比 劉是一個美麗的老師 Liu is a teacher elegant and graceful. 我們要迅速的采取措施 Measures should be taken quickly, toughly and effectively.舉例： If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founder

37、s is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 2. This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. 3. We were in the midst of shockbut we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively. 四）強調句型 It is that I met my old flame i

38、n the street yesterday. 有很多的原因解釋這種現象 there exists numerous factors here to account for the phenomenon. It is to account for the phenomenon that there exist numerous factors here. in conclusion, action is supposed to be taken to relieve the current situation. in conclusion, it is to relieve the curre

39、nt situation that action is supposed to be taken. 五）倒裝 1 as 的部分倒裝 雖然很多人看起來值得同情，但是事實并非如此。 As many people looks pitiful, it,in fact, isnot like this. As the drawing is simple, the meaning behind it is far-reaching Funny as the cartoon is at the first sight, we will have the feeling that it makes a lot

40、 of sense when we give it a second thought 否定詞放在句首用倒裝 我從來不是一個彪悍外向的女人 I am never a woman tough and outgoing. 他不但看起來很貧窮，而且事實上他的內心也很貧窮 He not only looks poor but also in fact is poor in her mind. Respecting parents keeps not only a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the duty of their offspring

41、. Confidence not only can make you find more happiness in your life but also can have you make more friends. 3 so that 我媽媽很善良 my ma is so kind that she will never kill an ant. 我很開心。 I am so delighted that I cannot help laughing at midnight. Sth is so significant/fearful that it is time to pay much a

42、ttention to the issue . 4. only +狀語的倒裝 I love you 只有通過采取這些措施，這個問題才能得到改善 Only by taking those action can the issue be improved a lot. 只有這個問題得到改善，人們才能安居樂業(yè)。 Only when the issue can be improved a lot can the common lead a happy and comfortable life. 六）虛擬語氣 1.if 虛擬語氣 if you travel a long distance, I will

43、 close all my windows. 如果我們都不孝敬父母 If parents fail to be respected by their sons or daughters , we, all Chinese human beings, would pay a heavy price in the near future. 如果每個大學生都沉溺于網絡 If every university student were indulged in surfing on the internet , it would be hard for them to graduate smoothly

44、. 如果每一個父母都溺愛孩子 if every parent spoils their children, the kids will never succeed in their life. Be addicted to Abandon oneself to 3. it is imperative/ essential / urgent that that families should educate the kids to know the importance of confidence. to know the severity of pollution.第三節(jié)課 段落 一）段落寫作

45、原則 啟 承 轉 合 二）段落論述方式 1.定義和解釋 什么是美女？ Beauty is a woman who has big eyes, who has an attractive figure and who has long hair. 什么是追星？ Pursuing stars is a popular among youngsters which means that one buys their cds, take part in their concerts and know their lives. . 什么是孝敬父母 Respecting parents is a chin

46、ese traditional virtue Which means that we accompany them to travel, We send some gifts to them And we call them up when they need us.什么是樂觀 Optimism is a mentality which means that one Fails to be afraid of frustrations, one is brave to face any difficulties and does anything they want 總結 模板 Sth1 is

47、 sth2 which means that sth2: a severe global issue a chinese traditional virtue a pervasive social trend an active/ negative mentality a hot social topic 2 統(tǒng)計和事實 In light of /on the basis of/ in line with/ the latest/current/proximate survey/data/statistics/study by the Chinese academy of social sci

48、ence, an increasing amount of us habor the idea that A recent study revealed the shocking/surprising/delightful fact that Official figures released by the ministry of transportation/education show that 3 引用名人名言 Once , there seemed a writer who has gained great reputation in Japan stating that: 或 Acc

49、ording to a well-known psychologist/philosopher/linguist As the proverb/an old saying goes, 4 舉例 1）可舉小例子 I love reading the masterpiece such as gone with the wind, pride and prejudice . 2）可舉大例子 although so abundant cases can support my simple view, the following one is most favorable. A examples to

50、prove the view are abundant. The most persuasive one is the case of sb who ; B this can be illustrated by the example of sb who C such stimulating/ less impressive cases /stories are not rare in our daily life. D to examine this , lets return to the example of sb/sth 5. 反面論證第四節(jié) 文章寫法 一）圖畫作文 1.第一段寫法：

51、第一二句話：用主語從句引出描述圖畫： What is obvious is that A 一幅圖一個主體兩個動作 in the easy and simple cartoon, sb(定/同），doing sth 次要動作（定、狀），is doing sth（主要動作）（定 、狀） B 一幅圖兩個主體，兩個動作 In the easy and simple cartoon, Sb1（定/同）is doing sth1(定、狀狀語）；and/but sb2 （定/同）is doing sth2 （定/狀） C 兩幅圖 In the former picture, Sb1（定/同/插）is doi

52、ng sth1(定、狀狀語）；and/but in the latter one, sb2 （定/同/插）is doing sth2 （定/狀） 第san句話：引出寓意的過渡語 1) Personally, what the picture conveys is far beyond a new fashion trend and carries cultural implication. 2) the fact/story that indicates that 3) the symbolic meaning of the canton is quite selfevident: 4) th

53、e message conveyed in the picture seems to be that 5) the picture has revealed, as is known to us all/ in recent years, a current social phenomenon that 6) the picture does reflect a thought provoking social phenomenon- 7) it is apparent that the author of the drawing tries to reveal to us: 8) the p

54、icture conveys a deep concern as to sth (不好的現象) + 定語（which has aroused an adverse influence in our society） 9) the purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the phenomenon of sth. Owing to sth,(分析原因或優(yōu)缺點) 10) its symbolic meaning, which is quite obvious, subtly conveye

55、d should be taken more seriously- !1) it seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance/ seriousness of sth., which 12) we can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to sth, which 第四句話：寓意表達 We should do sth We should never do sth Sth is

56、 very important Sth is very serious第二段：第一句話：引出原因分析的句型The majority of people would agree that the issue has its deep roots as follows.Personally, it is my belief that some reasons could account for such phenomenon. if to proceed unchecked, the problem will undoubtedly cause many problems. on the surf

57、ace of it, this may seem to be ridiculous/ attractive/ funny/ just a popular phenomenon, but If thinking again, we would point out some reasons. it is superficially plausible/ ridiculous/ attractive/ funny/just a popular phenomenon, but when subjected to analysis , but a close inspection of the idea

58、 would reveal that /it really has its fundamental reasons. if we let this situation continues as it is, we do not know what will happen between peoples relationship in the future. 4) you may criticize for/ blame for (不好的現象，比如說不誠實)，but the causes for the roots /problem/ phenomenon go far deeper. 5) i

59、t is no easy/simple task/job to find /offer the reason for the complicated phenomenon/deep-seated tendency.(根深蒂固的) 6) there stand at least two reasons, I think, for the phenomenon of 7) However, recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution.具體原因分析 首先 First of all first and foremost T

60、he main element for the problem is that What appears as the first reason is that 其次 besides ;in addition; additionally; what is more; moreover; furthermore 最后 last but not least; at last; consequently; as a consequence; in the end; 第三段 第一句話：A （壞東西） Therefore, it is high time that effective measures