1、 1. The ultimate goal of a persuasive speech is to create, reinforce, or change your audience members beliefs or actions. Knowing how to construct an effective persuasive speech will benefit anyone who is trying to get people to agree with you, get people to take a particular action, or accomplish c

2、hange of any sort.Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第1頁/共12頁 2. Before you select a topic, you must realize that your will be trying to “persuade” rather than “inform”. Here are the distinctions: * When you give a persuasive speech, you are a leader. When you give an informative speech, you are a teacher.

3、* A persuasive speech asks the audience to choose an option. An informative speech simply shows and clarifies options. * A persuasive speech asks the audience for a pledge to do something. An informative speech may similarly ask for commitment from the audience; however, it is significantly smaller.

4、 * Any regular public speaker or public relations professional will tell you that a persuasive speech involves particular ethical obligations.Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第2頁/共12頁 3. Next, you need to select a topic. Most persuasive speech textbooks will divide topics into three different categories.

5、* The first involves questions of “policy”. * The second category is when the persuasive speech focuses on questions of “value”. * The final category is persuasive speeches that focus on questions of “fact”. Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第3頁/共12頁 4. Once you decide on your speech topic and category, yo

6、u must then develop your specific purpose. Depending on your course structure and theoretical perspective, your specific purpose will either be “speaker-centered” or “audience-centered”. If it is speaker-centered, then your specific purpose will usually begin as, “To persuade my audience about.” in

7、contrast to an audience-centered speech which typically begins, “At the end of my speech, I want my audience to .” Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第4頁/共12頁 5. Once you decided on your topic, your next job is to decide on which persuasive speech organization you will use. The two most popular organization

8、al patterns among college professors are: “The Problem-Cause-Solution” and the “Monroes Motivated Sequence” patterns. The Monroe Motivated Sequence has five parts: Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action. With the Monroe Motivated Sequence pattern, the “Attention” will be your intro

9、duction. Your three main points will be: (1) Need, (2) Satisfaction, (3) Visualization. Your conclusion will be your call of “Action”.Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第5頁/共12頁 6. After you have decided on your organizational pattern, you should always utilize external sources in order to back-up your cent

10、ral idea and main points. There are three types of supporting material: examples, statistics, and testimony. Also, make sure your material is accurate, recent, and free of bias. Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第6頁/共12頁 7. Remember to include all of the following parts in your outline: Attention-getter, e

11、stablishment of ethos, preview of what you will talk about, main points and their sub points, summary in conclusion, memorable ending as well as the transitions you will use to move from topic to topic. Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第7頁/共12頁 Remember that each supporting paragraph needs to contain: (1)

12、 a topic sentence; (2) supporting sentences with examples, analogies, statistics, testimonies, etc.; (3) transitional sentences at the end of the paragraph; and (4) a coherent and logical structure that allows your audience to effortlessly follow your entire speech and see how your main points (supp

13、orting paragraphs) support your thesis/central idea.Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第8頁/共12頁 Tips & Warnings Remember that with a persuasive speech, you are trying to talk your audience into taking an action or adopt a belief. Write your outline in paragraph form. Remember that you should be able to

14、relate each paragraph to your thesis/central idea. Look for supporting material that will backup your general statements. Use specific examples to support your ideas. To effectively use statistics: (1) identify the source of your statistics; (2) round off your statistics; (3) combine statistics with more tangible examples; and (4) use visual aids.Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade第9頁/共12頁 To effectively use someones testimony: (1) only use qualified sources; (2) accurately quote or do justice when you paraphrase; and (3) always identify both the sourc