1、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法一、一、 “must have done” 一定做過(guò)某事一定做過(guò)某事v表示表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，該結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于只用于肯定句?？隙ň?。 v1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人說(shuō)話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。二、二、 “cant have done” “couldnt have done” 不可能做過(guò)某事不可能做過(guò)某事v表示

2、對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè)，“couldnt have done”較少使用較少使用。v1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)過(guò)他?？赡苋ケ本┝?，我剛才還在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)過(guò)他。v2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 瑪麗不可能偷你的錢(qián)，她回家瑪麗不可能偷你的錢(qián)，她回家去了。去了。三、三、 “could have done” 1)表示猜測(cè)，

3、表示猜測(cè)，“過(guò)去可能做過(guò)某事過(guò)去可能做過(guò)某事”,多用于疑多用于疑問(wèn)句；問(wèn)句；2)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意思是用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意思是“本來(lái)能夠做某事而本來(lái)能夠做某事而沒(méi)有做沒(méi)有做”。vWhat could have happened? 難道可能發(fā)難道可能發(fā)生了什么事嗎？生了什么事嗎？vThis glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it.這個(gè)玻璃杯破了?？赡苁钦l(shuí)把它掉在地上了。這個(gè)玻璃杯破了?？赡苁钦l(shuí)把它掉在地上了。vHe could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本來(lái)他能夠通過(guò)考試，但本來(lái)

4、他能夠通過(guò)考試，但是他太粗心。是他太粗心。 “can have done” v表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，用于疑問(wèn)句中。表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，用于疑問(wèn)句中。 vIts so late. Where can she have gone? v天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？四、四、 “may have done” v表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，意思是表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，意思是“可能可能已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”或或“也許已經(jīng)也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中。，用于肯定句中。 vWhat has happened to George?vI dont know. He may have got lo

5、st.v喬治發(fā)生了什么事？v我不知道，他可能迷路了。五、五、 “might have done” v1)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，might與與may意思相同，意思相同，但可能性更小。但可能性更小。v2)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,意思是：意思是：“本來(lái)可能做某事，事本來(lái)可能做某事，事實(shí)上卻沒(méi)做實(shí)上卻沒(méi)做”v1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或許會(huì)多給你一些幫助，他或許會(huì)多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。即使他很忙。v2. She might have achieved greater

6、progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多給她如果你多給她點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績(jī)。點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績(jī)。六、六、 “would have done” v虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意思是“本來(lái)會(huì)做某事，但事實(shí)上沒(méi)做”。v1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本來(lái)會(huì)告訴你這個(gè)小男孩的故事，但是你沒(méi)有問(wèn)我。v2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 沒(méi)有你的幫助，

7、我是不會(huì)取得如此大的成績(jī)。七、 “should have done”本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做v否定式為否定式為“shouldnt have done”表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意。做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意。v v1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。v2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so har

8、sh on him. 看，湯姆哭了，我本來(lái)不應(yīng)該對(duì)他如此嚴(yán)厲。八、八、 “ought to have done” v表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做，譯成表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做，譯成“理理應(yīng)做應(yīng)做”，往往表示遺憾。與，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。用法基本一樣。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。vYou ought not to have given him more help. 你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。十、十、 “need have done” 本來(lái)需要做某事而沒(méi)有做本來(lái)需要做某事而沒(méi)有做v

9、否定式為否定式為 “neednt have done” 表示表示“本來(lái)不需本來(lái)不需要做某事而做了要做某事而做了”。vI neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)這么多酒，只來(lái)我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)這么多酒，只來(lái)了五個(gè)人。了五個(gè)人。vHe need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本來(lái)他本來(lái)需要快點(diǎn)去車(chē)站，那樣的話，他就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē)需要快點(diǎn)去車(chē)站，那樣的話，他就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。v1-You didn

10、t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you? -Actually,we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waited B. neednt have waitedC. didnt need to wait D. should waitv2Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must v3-May I speak to your

11、 manager Mr. Smith at six oclock tonight ?” -“Im sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gonev4-Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must B. may C. can

12、D. should v5- Was it you that made the suggestion?- It have been. I cant remember.A. need B. must C. should D. mayv6The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken v7He paid fo

13、r a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. needv8I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken v9- Hi, is that Peter Brown?-Sorry. You _ the wrong number .A. must c

14、all B. must have called C. should call D. should have calledv10I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done v11. He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustntv12. There was plenty of time. You _ have hurried.A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldntv13. They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.vA. must B. could C. should D. mightv14. I _ here in time, but I met an old fri