1、 初升高英語銜接知識第3講總結(jié)it的用法和therebe句型的用法重、難點：(一)It的用法小結(jié)It作主語的句子It指前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物(有時指心目中的或成為問題的人或事物)時，It是真正的主語。如：Whatsthis?Itsahorse.這是什么？這是一匹馬。Whoisit?Itsme.誰？是我。Itsthewindshakingthewindow.是風刮得窗戶響。It指時間、季節(jié)如：Whattimeisit?Itsnine.幾點了？九點了。Itstimeforthemeeting.Letsgo.開會的時間到了，我們走吧！Whatdayistoday?ItsSaturday.今天星期幾

2、？今天星期六。Whatisthedatetoday?ItsOct.(the)1st.今天是幾號？今天是十月一號。Whatseasonisit?Itissummer.現(xiàn)在是什么季節(jié)？是夏季。(3)It指氣候。Isitcoldinthisroom?No,itisnt.屋里冷嗎？不冷。Whatstheweatherliketoday?Itsfine.今天天氣怎么樣？是晴天。Itoftenrainsinsummeranditoftensnowsinwinterinthiscity.這個城市夏天經(jīng)常下雨，冬天經(jīng)常下雪。(4)It指距離、情況等。如：Itisfivekilometresfrommyhome

3、totheschool.從我家到學校有5公里。Itisverynearfromthisfactorytothatone.從這個工廠到那個工廠非常近。Itisalongwaytothesea.(這)離海很遠。Isitwellwithyou?你身體好嗎？It作形式主語動詞不定式、動名詞短語或從句在句中起主語作用，而這一部分用詞較多時，可用it作為形式主語,放在句首代表其后所說的事實上的、真正的主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。It+謂語+動詞不定式。It作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正主語。如：Itisdifficulttoclimbamountain.爬山是很艱難的。Itisagoodhabittodo

4、morningexercises.做早操是個好習慣。Itisimportanttodopropermemoryworkinthestudyofaforeignlanguage.在學習外語時適當?shù)刈鲆恍┯兄谟洃浀木毩暿呛苤匾?。Itisrighttodoso.這樣做是對的。It+謂語+動名詞短語。It作形式主語，動名詞作真正的主語。如：Itisnouselearningwithoutthinking.學而不思則罔。Itsuselessarguingwithasillyboy.和笨孩子爭論是沒有用的。（3）It+謂語+名詞性從句。It作形式主語，以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是真正的主語。如：Iti

5、sapitythatyoudidntseesuchagoodfilm.你沒看這么好的電影，真可惜。Itiscertainthatweshallsucceed.我們一定會成功。Itisstrangethatnobodyknowswherehelives.真奇怪，誰也不知道他住在哪里。Itissaidthattheplanewilltakeoffattentomorrowmorning.據(jù)說飛機明天上午十點起飛。It作形式賓語It作形式賓語，代表其后所說的真正的賓語。真正的賓語是以that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或不定式短語。如：IconsideritwrongthatyouChinesestudents

6、learnEnglishwithoutcomparingitwithyourownlanguage.我認為你們中國學生學習英語不和你們自己的語言比較是不對的。Ifinditnotsodifficulttolearnaforeignlanguage.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學習一門外語不那么困難。IrememberImadeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.我記得向你明確表示過我不來。Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheyaredoinganimportantandnecessaryjob.他們要向公眾表明，他們在做一件必需做的重要工作。It用于

7、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在表示強調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu)中it可用作先行代詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型如下：It+動詞be+被強調(diào)的部分（詞或詞組）+that+其他部分。如果強調(diào)的部分是人，可用who,whom代替that。如：MissWangteachesusEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.王老師每周一下午教我們英語。強調(diào)主語：ItisMissWangwhoteachersusEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.強調(diào)間接賓語：ItisuswhomMissWangteachesEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.強調(diào)直接賓語：ItisEnglishthatMissWang

8、teachesuseveryMondayafternoon.強調(diào)狀語：ItiseveryMondayafternoonthatMissWangteachesusEnglish.ItwasherethatIfirstmethim.這就是我初次與他見面的地方。（強調(diào)狀語）Itisthepeoplewho（或that）arereallypowerful.真正強大的是人民。（強調(diào)主語）（二）有關(guān)含有引導(dǎo)詞there的句子結(jié)構(gòu)英語“There+be+（not）”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“有（沒有）某人或某物”時，there是無詞義的引導(dǎo)詞，be是謂語動詞，它后面的名詞是主語，兩者在數(shù)上必須一致。句末往往有表示地點或時間

9、的狀語。肯定式（表示“有”）There+（助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）+be+主語+地點（時間）狀語。如：Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有一張畫兒。Thereare24hoursinaday.一天有二十四小時。Therewasonlyoneschoolinthevillagebefore.以前這個村子里只有一所小學。Therewere1,500studentsinourschoollastyear.去年我校有一千五百名學生。注意：如果there+be之后是并列主語，第一個主語又是單數(shù)名詞時，習慣上用Thereis如：Thereisaboyandagirlintheroom.屋里有

10、一個男孩和一個女孩。Thereisapenandsomebooksonherdesk.她的書桌上有一支鋼筆和一些練習本。否定式(表示“沒有”)There+be(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+not(any)(或+no)+主語如：TherewasnotanundergroundinBeijingbefore.北京從前沒有地下鐵道。Therearenotfairiesintheworld.世上沒有神仙。Thereisnothingmoreformetodonow.現(xiàn)在沒有別的什么事要我做了。Therearenotmanypeoplewhowanttoreadthisbook.沒有多少人要看這本書。There

11、wontbeadancethisweekend.本周末沒有舞會。疑問式(1)一般疑問句Be+there+(any)+主語？助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+there+be+(any)+主語?如：IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?我能為你做點什么嗎？Isthereanywaterinyourbottle?你的瓶里有水嗎？Willtherebeareportbythefamousscientistthisafternoon?今天下午有那位著名科學家做報告嗎？(2)特殊疑問句：疑問詞(+名詞)+be+there+狀態(tài)？如：Howmanymonthsarethereinayear?一年有幾個月

12、？Whatsthereinyourpocket?你口袋里裝的是什么？Whenwilltherebelastingworldpeace?什么時候世界上能有持久的和平？4.含有引導(dǎo)詞there的句子用seemtobe，happentobe，usedtodo或live等詞作謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Therehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineintheshop.恰好在商店里有我的一個老朋友。Thereusedtobeatemplehere.以前這兒有一座廟。Thereseemedtobenopointinrefusing.看來沒理由拒絕。Thereoncelivedanoldfishe

13、rmaninavillagebythesea.從前，在海邊的一個村莊里住著一個老漁民。模擬試題】綜合練習(一)Look!Theresomeapplesinthattree.A.isB.wasC.areD.were一Whatsontheplate?一Theresomebreadonit.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveLucyandLilygoingtotheGreatWalltomorrow.A.areB.isC.amD.beThreefourthsofthehomeworktoday.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.have

14、beenfinishedAlargenumberofthestudentsinourclassgirls.A.areB.wasC.isD.beThenumberofinourclassfifty.A.student,isB.thestudents,areC.thestudents,isD.students,areEitherofthetwobooksforyou.Youcanchooseone.A.areB.wereC.isD.wasThepopulationofourcountryby50percentoverthelasttwentyyears.A.hasincreasedB.wereri

15、senC.havebeenincreasedD.haveroseMathsmyfavouritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.areHereanewpairofshoesforyou.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasTheChengshereforyears.A.islivingB.havelivedC.haslivedD.livesNotonlymybrotherbuyalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.A.are,areB.am,areC.is,isD.are,isTwomonthsquitealongtime.Yes,I

16、mafraidthathewillmissalotofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereEveryman,womanandchildinthisclubtorealizethedangerofsmoking.A.comeB.comesC.havebegunD.mustEveryoneexceptDavidandSamtherewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.wasC.areD.were一Arethetwinsonthefootballteam?一No,neitherofthemontheteam.A.isB.areC.wereD.beIhaven

17、olettersfromPeter.一Oh,well,nonewsgoodnewsnow.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereOneandahalfapplesonthetable.A.isleavingB.isleftC.areleftD.leftWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedDoingeyeexercisesgoodforyourhealth.A.areB.isC.haveD.hasThereanappleandtenbana

18、nasinthebasket.Youcantakeanyofthem.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveEachoftheboysanapple.A.haveB.hasC.tohaveD.tohasArethereanyfishinthelakenow?一No.anywaterinitinwinter.A.ThereisntB.TherearentC.ItisntD.TheyarentJoanwithherunclegoingtovisittheSummerPalacenextmonth.A.areB.isC.wasD.were綜合練習（二）Thestoryisinteresting.T

19、hatmeansitisinterestingstory.A.an,theB.the,anC./anD./,aIfoundthecatwasinroom.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucysoftheteachersintheschoolis300,ofthemarewomenteachers.A.Thenumber,firstfourthB.Thenumber,onefourthC.Anumber,onesecondD.Anumber,threequartersShanghaiWaihuanTunnelisalrea

20、dyopentotraffic.SoitwilltakeustimetogotoPudongInternationalAirport.A.afewB.fewerC.alittleD.lessLotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheiscity.A.soabeautifulB.veryabeautifulC.suchbeautifulaD.quiteabeautiful一Itsanicecar.haveyoubeeninit?一JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.HowfarIsthestreettoonarr

21、owforthebustogo?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in一Imgoingtothesupermarket.一Willyougetmesomechocolatesyouarethere,mum?A.sinceB.becauseC.ifD.while一MustIleaverightnow?一No,you.A.maynotB.cantC.mustntD.neednt一Thereisaticketonthefloor,isityours?一Oh,yes,itsmine.一Letmeforyou.A.topickupitB.topickitupC.pickupitD.picki

22、tupTheteachertoldtheboysinthestreet.A.notplayB.nottoplayC.dontplayD.donttoplayIhavefinishedthisbook.Youcantakeitaway.A.toreadB.readC.readingD.readsTheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbeIhavetogonow.Pleaseremembertothelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turndownC.tur

23、nupD.turnonDontaskmesuchastrangequestion,?A.shallweB.willnotyouC.willyouD.dontyouArethetwinsonthefootballteam?一No,neitherofthemontheteam.A.isB.areC.wereD.beMr.Kingdidntknowyesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehomeIdidntknowtheycouldpass

24、theexamornot.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether一Whohasadictionary,children?一Ihave.A.itB.thisC.oneD.soHereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenInChina,whenthetrafficlightsaregreen,thetrafficgoandpeopleonfootcrossthestreet.A.can,cantB.cant,canC.cant,mustD.neednt,must一Whatareyougoin

25、gtodonextSunday?一.A.ImsorryB.HereyouareC.IvenoideaD.ThatsrightIcantfindtherightsize.Theshoesintheshoparetoobigtoosmall.A.neither,norB.either,orC.both,andD.not,orThecolourofhissocksisdifferentfromofmine.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this綜合練習（三）Itwasspring.AmericangirlwenttoLondon.A.a,The,aB./,The,/C./,An,/D./,A,/

26、ItsalongtoParis.Itstwothousandkilometers.A.streetB.roadC.wayD.walkWherearethestudents?Aretheyin?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406RoomTheweatherinsummerinBeijingiscoolerthaninShanghai.A.thisB.itC.thatD.one一InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.一Idontagree.Speakingisreading.A

27、.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themostimportantD.thesameas一Canyouunderstandme?一Sorry,Icanunderstandyou.A.hardlyB.almostC.nearlyD.ever一Youdbetternotgooutnow.Itsraining.一Itdoesntmatter.Mynewcoatcankeeprain.A.inB.ofC.withD.off8.Howdidyoutrytogettoschoolontimeyoumissedtheschoolbus?A.whenB.ifC.onceD.that

28、YougoandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswer.A.must,canB.must,mayC.need,canD.can,mayIsawBettygotoGrandpaZhangshomejustnow.Yes,sheisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helpedMywatchdoesntwork.Imusthaveit,.A.repairedB.repairsC.repairD.repairingSheusuallytoworkonfootbuttodayshebybike.A.go,g

29、oingB.goes,isgoingC.isgo,isgoingD.goes,going一Whereyouyourticket?一I,itonthefloor.A.have,found,foundedB.did,find,foundedC.did,found,foundD.did,find,foundYoumaygofishingifyourwork.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone一James,theseareyoursocks.Please.一OK,Mum.A.putawayitB.putitawayC.putawaythemD.putthem

30、awayMartinisgoodatfishing,?A.isheB.doesheC.isntheD.doesntheHowmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?thestudentsinourschoolovertwothousand.A.Thenumberof,isC.Anumberof,isHeaskedme,.A.ifshewillcomeC.theywouldhelpusdoitAnnhasbeensobusythesedaysB.Thenumberof,areD.Anumberof,areB.howmanybooksIwanttohaveD.whatwaswrongwithme_shehasnotimetoplaywithherfriends.A.whenB.thatC.becauseD.and20.Oh,thereissomeoneintheroom.一