1、Lesson 31. supplant spl:nt, -plnt vt. 代替；排擠掉No man could supplant him.Supplant competitors with unfair competitive means;以不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)手段排擠競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手；2. jockey dki vt. 駕駛；欺騙；移動(dòng)n. 操作工；駕駛員；賽馬的騎師He jockeyed the old man out of his money.The jockey ran the horse up and down the track.騎師騎著馬在跑道上來回奔跑。3. give way to： 給讓路；

2、對(duì)讓步；被替代；給讓路；屈服，投降No problem lasts forever. Storms always give way to the sun.沒有解決不了的問題，暴風(fēng)雨總會(huì)讓位于陽光。4.nose v.小心翼翼的行駛The taxi nosed its way back into traffic.出租車慢慢匯入車流。nose out 打探出，查出=discoverThe reporters nosed out all the details of the affair.記者打探出這件事的所有細(xì)節(jié)、4. dig up挖出；掘起；開墾；發(fā)現(xiàn)to dig up the street挖掘街

3、道to dig up information搜集消息Where did you dig her up?你在哪兒碰上她了?5. bound baund adj. 有義務(wù)的；受約束的；裝有封面的 be bound to 有義務(wù)要In doing so, they are bound to raise energy prices.要達(dá)到此項(xiàng)目的，政府必須提高能源價(jià)格。vt. 束縛；使跳躍n. 范圍；跳躍vi. 反彈；彈起 The ball bounded against the wall.球彈擊墻壁。bound for開往The ship is bound for Australia.船是開往澳大利

4、亞的 6. radiate reidieit vt. 輻射；傳播；流露；發(fā)射；廣播vi. 輻射；流露；發(fā)光；從中心向各方伸展The radiance of electric lights radiates from the ceiling.電燈的光芒從天花板上輻射下來。Confidence radiated from her face.她的臉上流露出充滿自信的神色。creep v.爬行creep in/into sth. 開始發(fā)生，影響As the doctors became more tired, errors began to creep into their work.由于越來越疲勞，

5、醫(yī)生們的工作開始出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)。creep out 逐漸增長House prices are creeping up again.房價(jià)又漸漸上漲。7. penetrate penitreit vt. 滲透；穿透；洞察 vi. 滲透；刺入；看透The heavy rain has penetrated the roof of my house.大雨滲透了我家的房頂。penetrated with discontent深為不滿He has penetrated into high society.他已經(jīng)踏進(jìn)上層社會(huì)。8. bounce bauns n. 跳；彈力；活力vt. 彈跳；使彈起vi. 彈跳；彈

6、起，反跳；彈回The ball bounced against the wall.球彈起擊在墻上。Perhaps birth rates will bounce back.或許出生率會(huì)反彈。9. predict pridikt vt. 預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言；預(yù)知vi. 作出預(yù)言；作預(yù)料，作預(yù)報(bào)The earthquake had been predicted several days before.這次地震早在幾天前就已預(yù)報(bào)到了。prediction pridikn n. 預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)言His prediction was right, but he got the industry wrong.他的預(yù)言是

7、正確的，只不過他說錯(cuò)了行業(yè)。 10. farfetched fa:fett adj. 牽強(qiáng)的；亂七八糟的；靠不住的It sounds farfetched, so you can choose to watch as you wish.聽起來很牽強(qiáng)，看官們自行選擇吧。11. appoint pint vt. 任命；指定；約定vi. 任命；委派We appointed the school-house as place for the meeting.我們確定校舍為會(huì)面地點(diǎn)。We must soon appoint a new teacher to the class.我們必須盡快指派新老師到班

8、里去。常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)為提供設(shè)備，裝置，裝備，配備，布置well-appointed(設(shè)備完備的)12. slight slait adj. 輕微的，少量的；脆弱的；細(xì)長的；不重要的You have a slight fever.你有一點(diǎn)兒發(fā)燒。not in the slight一點(diǎn)也不，根本vt. 輕視，忽略；怠慢to slight ones duty玩忽職守He was slighted in the corner.他被冷落在屋里的角落。n. 怠慢；輕蔑13. boomvt. 使興旺；發(fā)隆隆聲The guns boomed again.槍炮又發(fā)出砰砰聲。蓬勃發(fā)展；興起；興隆，繁榮昌盛；(股票、

9、物價(jià)等)暴漲，猛漲，激增；(在規(guī)模、重要性、活動(dòng)等方面)突然增加；出名Business is booming since I enlarged the shop.自從我擴(kuò)大商店以來，生意日趨興隆。The economy reform boomed many new cities.經(jīng)濟(jì)改革使許多城市興旺發(fā)達(dá)起來。14. no more than adv. 至多，不多于Each class has no more than eight students.每個(gè)班級(jí)不超過八名學(xué)生。little more than (only)僅僅Signing the forms is little more tha

10、n a formality.在表格上簽字只是一種形式。15. laggard ld adj. 落后的；遲鈍的；遲緩的n. 落后者；遲鈍者 The laggard service patterns cause easily medical disputes and make more medical risks.落后的服務(wù)模式容易導(dǎo)致醫(yī)療糾紛，增加醫(yī)療風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。16. flourish flauri vi.1. 繁茂，茂盛；繁榮： Those plants you gave me are flourishing.你給我的那些植物長得茂盛。2. (人)健壯成長： The children are fl

11、ourishing.孩子們正在茁壯成長。3.盛飾；炫耀，夸耀： to flourish ones wealth炫耀財(cái)富4. 揮舞(刀劍、手臂、帽子等)： The boys flourished flags in the streets.孩子們?cè)诮诸^揮動(dòng)著他們的旗子。17. ladderHold the ladder for me, please.請(qǐng)幫我扶住梯子。 at the top of the social ladder登上社會(huì)的最頂層climb (或get up) the ladder往上爬成名，發(fā)跡:Twenty years later, he laddered to the top

12、of his profession.20年后，他達(dá)到了自己職業(yè)的頂峰。18. buoy n.救生衣,救生圈(=life buoy) vt. 使浮起；支撐；鼓勵(lì)The cut in bank rate is expected to buoy up the economy.銀行利率的降低可望振興經(jīng)濟(jì)。Theres nothing like a good joke to buoy ones spirits.沒有什么像一個(gè)好的笑話那樣能振奮人們的精神。19. renew rinju: vt.1.使更新；使復(fù)原：They renewed contact with other import and exp

13、ort corporations.他們與其他進(jìn)出口公司恢復(fù)了聯(lián)系。2. 使(精神上)新生；恢復(fù)精力： Having had an hours rest,he renewed his strength.休息了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，他恢復(fù)了精力。3. 復(fù)興；重建；使再生效： We have renewed our friendly relationship with Western countries.我們與西方國家已重建友好關(guān)系。renewal rinju:l n. 更新，恢復(fù)；復(fù)興；補(bǔ)充；革新；續(xù)借；重申20. surpass vt. 超越；勝過，優(yōu)于；非所能辦到或理解The costs of the

14、vacation surpassed my expectation.這次度假的花銷超出了我的預(yù)想。All of us were surpassed by his clever answer.我們?cè)谧拿恳粋€(gè)人誰也不會(huì)想到他會(huì)做出這樣機(jī)智的回答。to surpass oneself超水平發(fā)揮21. in line for即將得到;該輪到Ive been waiting in line for over an hour.我已經(jīng)排了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的隊(duì)了。Whos next in line for promotion in your department?你那個(gè)部門下一位有希望得到晉升的是誰？ 22. r

15、etaliate ritlieit vi. 報(bào)復(fù)；回敬vt. 報(bào)復(fù)If we raise our import duties on their goods,they may retaliate against us.如果我們提高他們的貨物的進(jìn)口稅，他們可能要對(duì)我們進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)。23. have a stake in與利害攸關(guān)；參與了。have a stake in a company： 在一家公司有股份Both countries have a stake in such an arrangement.這種安排下，兩國都是利益攸關(guān)者。strike v.擊打，碰撞The ship struck a

16、rock.船觸礁了。v. 突然想到，猛地意識(shí)到It suddenly struck me that how we coulg improve the sitiuation.我一下子明白我們?nèi)绾文芨淖兙置?。striking adj.引人注目的，顯著的She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister.她酷似她姐姐。24. outbid ,autbid vt. 在開價(jià)上戰(zhàn)勝；出價(jià)高于He outbid his rivals at the auction.拍賣中他叫價(jià)高于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。25.branch n.樹枝，分支，支流The bank has

17、branches all over the country.那家公司在全國設(shè)有分支。branch out (into sth) 涉足（新工作），拓展（新業(yè)務(wù)）The company has now branched out into selling insurance.公司現(xiàn)在已開展了保險(xiǎn)銷售的新業(yè)務(wù)。branch off 分岔Just after the lake ,the path branches off to the right.小路在經(jīng)過虎吼右邊有條岔道。brokerage 中間人業(yè)務(wù) 1.亦作brokering代理人(或中間人、經(jīng)紀(jì)人、中人)業(yè)務(wù)，經(jīng)紀(jì)業(yè)，2. (付給經(jīng)紀(jì)人、中間人

18、的)手續(xù)費(fèi)，傭金，回扣broker bruk n. 經(jīng)紀(jì)人，掮客brokerage fee經(jīng)紀(jì)人傭金25. overwhelm1. (尤指以軍事力量)壓倒，壓服；擊潰；粉碎：We overwhelmed the enemy by superior forces.我們以優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力打垮了敵軍。2. 制服；使不知所措；使受不了： I was overwhelmed by such a temptation.我經(jīng)受不住那樣的誘惑。3. 覆蓋；淹沒： Flood overwhelmed the city.洪水淹沒了那座城市。career n.生涯，職業(yè)，事業(yè)He is playing the best o

19、f his career.他正處于網(wǎng)球生涯的巔峰時(shí)刻。V.(失控地)猛沖，疾馳，飛奔The vehicle careered across the road and hit a cyclist.那輛車沖過馬路，撞上了一輛自行車。1、“If there is a road to Chinas future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it.”（如果有通往中國的未來之路的話，那便是始自上海的204國道。） 1) What is the exact meaning of “ out of” here in the sentence? 2) Why does the

20、 author compare(比喻) Highway 204 to the road to Chinas future? (you may answer the question after youve studied the whole article.) 答：1）“Highway 204 out of Shanghai” is one leading out of Shanghai. 2)The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick (擁擠)that the trip along the road is hard. It indicates(表明) tha

21、t though Chinas economy is booming（繁榮）, it is still backward and there is a long and difficult way yet to Chinas brighter futurebecoming the strongest economic power in the world. Rapid development in China is overwhelming（勢(shì)不可擋） its backward（落后） transport networks, to be more accurate（準(zhǔn)確）, its infra

22、structure（下部構(gòu)造） and even its economic conditions, which limit its further development. 2、“Migrant（遷移）workers crowd the narrow shoulders” What does “shoulders” refer to ? 答：“Shoulder” here means the edges of a road. 3、“Eventually（結(jié)果、最后、終于）, industry gives way to rice fields, which is eing dug up to b

23、uild still more factories.” 1) What does the phrase（短語） “to give way to something” mean in the above sentence? 2) What does the author mean to convey(傳達(dá)) to the readers when he used the word “ eventually”? 答：1）To give way to something means to make room for something(讓位于某物) in the sentence. 2) Event

24、ually sometimes implies(暗指) an inevitable（必然的、不可避免的） result. 4、Please explain the following phrases as they appearing their in their respective（各自的） contexts: “ dynamic（活躍的、生機(jī)勃勃的） economy”( paragraph 2) “the worlds dominant（占優(yōu)勢(shì)的、占統(tǒng)治地位的） economy”( paragraph 3 ) 答：According to their respective content

25、s, “dynamic economy” refers to an economy full of energy(活力) and activity(活躍)精力充沛、旺盛; “the worlds dominant economy” means the worlds major economic power. 5、“We dont have people, we dont have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.” What is the meaning of “We dont have people” in the above sen

26、tence? (Dont the officials think weve already had the largest population in the world?) 答：China is short of technical and management professionals(管理專業(yè)人員). 6、“Many economists believe a standard estimate of Chinas per capita gross national product ($370) is already two to three times too low.”（ 許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

27、家認(rèn)為，對(duì)中國人均國民生產(chǎn)總值的權(quán)威估計(jì)太低了（370億美元），實(shí)際上應(yīng)該比這一數(shù)字再高出2-3倍） According to the information given, could you figure out the economists idea about Chinas per capital GNP? (How much do these economists believe the estimate of Chinas per capita CNP should be?) 答：$740-$1110 7、“Bill Clinton has appointed China hands

28、 to top Asia posts at the State and Treasury departments.” Please translate the above sentence into Chinese and explain the implication of Mr. Clintons action. 答：比爾.克林頓已任命華人擔(dān)任國務(wù)院和財(cái)政部中負(fù)責(zé)亞洲事務(wù)的部門的要職。 8、Can you paraphrase the following sentence in your own words, especially the phrase a work in progress

29、? （顯然，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于發(fā)展之中，遠(yuǎn)沒有發(fā)揮出其十億多人口的巨大潛力。） “Clearly, Chinas economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.” 答：Clearly, Chinas economy is in the process of development, far from(遠(yuǎn)沒有) realizing（實(shí)現(xiàn)） the potential of its population of more than 1 billion.

30、 9、“China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204unpredictable.”（中國首先仍然是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)國家，他向工業(yè)化的自由市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變，這種轉(zhuǎn)變就像是204國道的交通狀況一樣不可預(yù)知.） 1) What does the author mean by comparing（比較、對(duì)比） the transition to “the traffic on Highway 204”

31、? 2) According to the information from the article (given in the next two sentences following the above one), what changes does China need in order to realize the market economy in the authors opinion? Is it totally acceptable to Socialist China? 答：1) What the author meant to say is that moving on H

32、ighway 204 were both local(當(dāng)?shù)氐摹⒌胤降? old-style（舊式的、老派的） vehicles（車輛、交通工具） and foreign autos （汽車）of the latest fashion（最新樣式）, and like that in Chinas economy co-exist（共存） her national enterprises originally（最初、原始） founded（創(chuàng)建） for the planned economy and other businesses founded for or adapted to （適合）t

33、he market economy: the structure of Chinas economy is under change but not decided definitely（明確地） yet. 2)The state- owned firms should be sold or privatized, and the equipment and facilities in those firms should be renovated. No, it isnt. 10、“Last year the BeiBei Company in Zhangjiagang cleared $1

34、4million on exports of 10 million pairs of shoes to US department store.” （張家港的貝貝公司，向美國百貨商場(chǎng)格出口了1000萬雙鞋，賺取了1400萬美元） P lease explain the underlined part in the above sentence. 答：The underlined part refer to gain $ 14 million as a profit on exports. 11、“Just two years ago South Korean manufacturers wer

35、e flourishing(繁榮、興旺) on contracts from western athletic（運(yùn)動(dòng)的） footwear giants” What does “on” mean? Can you give some more examples? 答：On here is used in the sense of according to or in the basis of . e.g. They made their own judgment on his report. She studies in Cambridge University on scholarship.

36、 12、“Since then much of the business has shifted to China, dealing a hard blow to the South Korean shoe industry.” 自那以后，大多數(shù)業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向中國，這嚴(yán)重打擊了韓國的制鞋業(yè)。 1) Please explain the meaning of “shift” and find a synonym? 2) What part of the sentence is the phrase introduced by dealing? What does it show? 答：1)轉(zhuǎn)移 tra

37、nsferred 2) adverbial(狀語) ; an adverbial of result 13、“Membership in this club, which includes all the worlds leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy.” 這個(gè)組織的成員包括了所有世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，成為其成員國可以大大促進(jìn)低工資出口經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。 How many reasons are mentioned in the sentence for “a huge boost”? In

38、 what way could low wages promote the export? 答：1）one 2) Low wages means low costs of the goods produced, and lost costs result in low prices which render(致使) the goods competitive in the world market. 14、“Already though, Chinas commercial strength is staring to worry competitors.” 盡管如此，中國商貿(mào)的實(shí)力使中國開始

39、成為令人擔(dān)心的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。 What part of speech is the word “though”? What part of the sentence is it? And what is the meaning it implies(暗指)? 答：Adv.(副詞), adverbial（狀語）, however. 15、“The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan well be the first in line for

40、retaliation.” “貿(mào)易順差本身就將成為本年度的首要問題”一位中國政府官員說?！拔覀儗⑹窃谌毡局蟮谝粋€(gè)遭到報(bào)復(fù)的國家?！?Can you find out why trade surplus would be a problem and for what reason(s) or on what excuse “we might be retaliated? 答：One countrys trade surplus would be some other countrys trade deficit(逆差、赤字). If its too big, it would be a los

41、s for the importer, both financially and economically. The country with huge trade surplus might be accused（控告、歸罪） of dumping（傾銷） or using others import quota illegally（非法的、不合法的） as in the textile trade. 16、“And the rest of the world will look foolish if it lets itself be caught by surprise.” 而世界上其余

42、的國家，如果仍對(duì)此感到驚奇的話，那他就未免顯得太愚蠢了。 What does the author imply by the above words? 答：It is quite natural for China to become one of the worlds largest economies in the 21st century. People neednt feel surprised. Review總結(jié):一、術(shù)語：1. 舉足輕重的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國2. 商業(yè)活動(dòng)中心3.人均4.國民生產(chǎn)總值5. 懲罰性進(jìn)口關(guān)稅6. 有價(jià)證券總結(jié):一、術(shù)語：1.economic mercial hub

43、3.Per capita4.Gross National Product5.punitive import tariff 6.securities7.房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)8 “大中華”貿(mào)易集團(tuán)9. 跨行業(yè)公司10. 國際財(cái)團(tuán)11. 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定7.real estate market 8.“ Greater China”trade bloc9.conglomerate10.consortium11.GATT：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 二、詞語釋義：1.jockey： move2.is bustling with： is filled with3.gidd

44、y： dizzy； 4.farfetched： improbable； incredible5.clear： earn a net profit6.deal a hard blow ： strike heavily7.rung： level8.retaliation： return of ill treatment for ill treatment； revenge； reprisal9.career out of control： run out of control A farfetched prediction？ The new American administration doesnt think so. Bill Clinton has appointed China hands to top Asia posts at the state and Treasury departments. W