1、SHANDONGUNIVERSITYCOLLEGEENGLISHTESTFORNON-ENGLISHMAJORSOFCONTINUINGEDUCATIONVocabularyandStructureThereare30questionsinthissection.Foreachofthequestions,thereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestanswersthequestion.1.HrmationB.recognitio

2、nCdeceptionD.knowledgeThetailortoldhimthathiswillbekeptforfutureuse.A.judgmentB.governmentC.deploymentD.measurementPeoplesabouttheloudnoisethereforcedthegovernmenttoclosethatfactory.A.struggleB.complaintC.hatredD.irritationHisparentsdidntconsenttohiswithMary.A.marriageB.dependenceC.relianceD.chargeT

3、hereisnolimittotheofknowledge.A.lookB.consumptionC.employD.pursuitHisledtohisfinalfailure.A.ignoranceB.informationC.achievementD.knowledgeThemankindhasdonemanythingstonatureinitscourseofcivilization.A.destructiveB.instructiveC.progressiveD.sensitivePlantsraisedingreenhousesaretendedmethodicallyinana

4、ttempttocreatethebestpossibleconditionsfortheirgrowth.A.systematicallyb.naturallyC.personallyD.lovinglySomebotanistsfearthattheworldwidetransferofplantspeciesisthreateningtheEarthsbiologicaldiversity.A.accidentalB.rapidC.illegalD.globalThetypeanddegreeofmolecularmotionofasubstancedependontheamountof

5、thermalenergypresent.A.aredeterminedbyB.limitC.radiateD.aresupportedbyTheyoung,especially,havenoabouthotweather.A.complaintB.irritationC.troubleD.doubtInsummer,motoringcanbeanythingbuta.A.impressionB.pleasureC.pressureD.expressionHecomparedthegirlaflower.A.toB.withC.inD.forInspiteoftheproblem,theeng

6、ineersaregoingtocarryontheproject.A.withB.forC.inD.atIvehadenoughthisweather.A.atB.withC.ofD.fromSheaddedthatifhehadtelephonedherbeforelunch,shethebookthere.A.tookB.wouldhavetakenC.wouldtakeD.wouldbetakingSomehotelstaffspeakEnglish.A.littleB.smallC.fewD.scarcelyItsnousetogetabargainthesedays.A.toexp

7、ectB.expectingC.lookingforwardtoD.youexpectWeplayedthegametherule.A.onaccountofB.aheadofC.accordingtoD.apartfromWhenIappliedformypassporttoberenewed,Ihadtosendaphotograph.A.freshB.lateC.modernD.recentItisofhimtosendthelettertoherparents.A.fertileB.absoluteC.absurdD.futileThechildbeggedallalongthestr

8、eetwithoutgettinganyfoodtoeat.A.sufferedB.hungryC.angryD.starvinginsocialsciencesisnotsoeasyasthatinphysicalsciences.A.MeasurementB.MethodC.ApproachD.InstrumentTodayweareacquiringearthdatafromearth-orbitingsatellites.A.noticeableB.watchingC.foreseeableD.observationalShewasdeafhisrequesttodoherwork.A

9、.ofB.toC.atD.onThetidesvarythemoon.A.atB.onC.withD.toTheprovinceofBritishColumbiaoffersvisitorsbreathtakingviewsoftheCanadianRockyMountains.A.distantB.intimateC.stunningD.highaltitudeDrybeansareveryrichinproteinsandcarbohydratesandmaybeeatenasasubstituteformeat.A.atthesametimeasB.mixedupwithC.inplac

10、eofD.inadditiontoPermeablerockshaveporesofsufficientsizetopermitwatertopassthroughthem.A.fluctuatingB.enlargedC.adequateD.perfectShellfishgivethedeceptiveappearanceofenjoyingapeacefulexistence,althoughinfactlifeisaconstantstruggleforthem.A.misleadingB.calmC.understandableD.initialII.ClozeThereare20b

11、lanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassages.Animportantyearinmedicalhistory(31)1954.Itwastheyearofthefirstsuccessfulkidneytransplant.RichardHerrickwasveryill(32)aseriouskidneydisease.Hiscaseseemedhopelessandhisdeathwascertain.How

12、ever,Richardhadan(33)twinbrothernamedRonald.DoctorsthoughtthatmaybeoneofRonaldskidneyswould(34)forRichard,and(35)apersoncanliveahealthylifewithonlyonekidney,theydecidedto(36)theoperation.Akidneywas(37)fromthehealthytwintothesickone,andthendoctorswaitedtoseeifRichardsbodywould(38)orrejectitsnewkidney

13、.ItwasacceptedandRichardwasabletoreturntoanormalhealthy(39).Anotherimportant(40)inmedicalhistorywas1967.Itmarkedthefirsttransplantofa(41)heart.Dr.ChristianBarnardtransplantedtheheartofagirlwhohadbeen(42)inanautomobileaccidentintothebodyofamiddle-agedmanwithveryseriousheartdisease.Thisfirsthearttrans

14、plantwassuccessful(43)onlythirteendays;thenthepatientsbodyrejecteditsnewheartandhedied.(44)thattimetherehavebeenmanymorehearttransplantsandsomepatientshavelivedforaslongastwoyears.Scientistsarenowtryingto(45)anartificialheart.Othernewmethodsofhelping(46)heartshavealsobeendevelopedbyDr.MichaelE.DeBak

15、ey,andnowmanylivesaresavedeachyearthroughnew(47)ofheartsurgery.Manypeopleare(48)todaybecauseofnewproceduresin(49)thatcanfixdamagedinternalpartsofthebody.Manymorepeoplemaybeabletolivelongerbecauseofnewdiscoveriesthatwillbe(50)inthenextfewyears.Maybeyouwillbeoneofthem.31.A.hadbeenB.wasC.isD.hasbeen32.

16、A.withB.onC.overD.of33.A.sameB.similarC.identicalD.identity34.A.performB.developC.liveD.work35.A.untilB.unlessC.sinceD.after36.A.tryB.attemptC.effortD.demand37.A.transformedB.transferredC.transplantedD.translated38.A.haveB.receiveC.callD.accept39.A.kidneyB.lifeC.heartD.body40.A.dayB.weekC.monthD.yea

17、r41.A.manB.animalC.creatureD.human42.A.injuredB.killedC.woundedD.damaged43.A.forB.inC.duringD.over44.A.AfterB.UntilC.SinceD.Before45.A.developB.envelopC.initiateD.provide46.A.crashedB.woundedC.damagedD.destroyed47.A.teamsB.kindsC.groupsD.clusters48.A.aliveB.survivalC.existingD.remaining49.A.chemistr

18、yB.biologyC.surgeryD.physics50.A.createdB.madeC.builtD.composedIII.ReadingComprehensionThereare4passagesinthispart.EachpassageisfollowedbysomeTrue-FalsequestionsorMultiple-Choicequestions.ChooseamongA,B,C,andDorbetweenTandFtoanswereachquestion.WritetheletterofyourchoiceonyourAnswerSheet.Passage1Thep

19、eoplewholivedinRome2,000yearsagowerealreadycomplainingaboutthenoiseintheircity.Theycouldntsleep,theysaid,withallthattrafficinthestreets.Forthem,noisewasmerelyadisturbance.Forusithasbecomearealdanger.WeknowthatthesoundsofanaveragecityareloudenoughtocauseseriousdamagetotheinhabitantshearingintheUnited

20、States,onepersonoutoftwentyhassufferedsomehearingloss.Andallovertheworldthesituationisgettingworseallthetime,sincenoiseincreaseswiththepopulation.Noisehasalsoincreasedenormouslyinthe20thcenturywiththedevelopmentofmachines.Welivesurroundedbyloudplanes,trucks,motorcycles,buses,electrictools,radios,pne

21、umaticdrillsthatroardayandnightupto90or100decibels.Thedecibelistheunitusedtomeasuretheloudnessofsound.Anormalconversationreaches55decibels,thunderroarsat70decibels,ajetplanegoesto100decibelsandmore,andanordinarysubwaytrain,approachingthestation,canbetwiceasloudastheloudestjet.Theaveragediscothequere

22、achesaround118decibels.At120decibelstheearstopshearingsound,andpainstarts.Unfortunately,thehumaneardoesnotjudgeclearlythedegreeofloudnessofanoise.Asoundtendecibelslouderthananotheroneisfeltastwiceasloud,wheninfactitistentimeslouder.Sincewecannotmeasuretheincreaseordecreaseofnoise,weneverknowtowhatda

23、ngerweareexposed.Butitisnotonlyourhearingthatisthreatened.Ithasbeenestablishedthatloudnoises,overaperiodoftime,causelossofsleep,anger,andmanymentalandphysicalproblems.Suchproblemshavebeenobservedamongfactoryworkers,prisonersinlargeprisons,andpeoplewhodriveheavytrucks,operatepneumaticdrills,orgofrequ

24、entlytorock-and-rollconcerts.Isthereasolution?Wedoknowhowtobuildquietermachines,ifthepublicwantsthem.Butmerchantspointoutthatpeoplewhobuymotorcycles,forinstance,prefertheloudestonesbecausetheysoundmorepowerful.Somecitiesaretryingtoenforcemorestrictlytheiranti-noiselaws.InMemphisautomobilistsarefined

25、fiftydollarsforhonking;theymaylosetheirrighttodriveiftheydoitagain.Peoplewhocarrynoisyradiosinpublicplacesmaylosethemiftheyarecaughtwiththem.Actually,itwilltakeeverybodyseffortstokeepcitynoisesfromincreasing.Evenso,saytheexperts,intwentyyearsthecitieswillbetwiceasloudastheyaretodaybecauseofthegrowth

26、ofthepopulation.Theinhabitantswillhavetoshouttobeheardatthedinnertable.Unless,ofcourse,theyhaveallbecomecompletelydeaf.Forthem,noisewasmerelyadisturbance.A.onlyB.only.andnothingelseC.notD.notonly.thatroardayandnightupto90or100decibels.A.asloudasB.louderthanC.higherthanD.goupIthasbeenestablishedthatl

27、oudnoises,.,causelossofsleep,angerandmany.A.resultfromB.resultC.becauseD.leadtoWedoknowhowtheybuildquietermachines,ifthepublicwantsthem.A.machinesmakingpeoplequieterB.calmmachinesC.machinesmakinglessnoise,D.silentmachinesActually,itwilltakeeverybodyseffortstokeepcitynoisesfromincreasing.A.goonincrea

28、singB.prevent.fromincreasingC.keep.increasingD.stop.oincreasePassage2Inmanyrespectsinternationaltradeisnodifferentfromtradewithinacountry.Peoplewhohavemoreofagoodthantheywantseekoutotherpeoplewhohavesomethingtheylack.Throughexchange,bothpartiesattempttomakethemselvesbetteroff.Thecomplicationsofinter

29、nationaltradearisebecausethetwopartiesusedifferentmonies.AnAmericanwhowantstobuyaJapaneseautomobilecannotexpecttheJapanesemanufacturertoacceptU.Sdollarsinpayment,unlessbysheercoincidencethemanufacturerhappensatthetimetowanttobuyanewcomputerfromanAmericanfirm.Otherwisetheautomanufacturerwillbestuckwi

30、thmoneythatnotempurashoporgeishainTokyowillaccept;inJapanthedollarsareuseless.Ofcourse,thingsarerarelyascomplicatedasissuggestedabove.InboththeUnitedStatesandJapantherearebanksthatspecializeinbuyingandsellingforeigncurrencies.ThesophisticatedAmericanwouldneverofferdollarstotheJapanese.Insteadhewould

31、gotohisbankandpurchaseJapaneseyenwithhisdollars,thenofferyeninpaymentforthecar.AvailabilityofyenwouldthenmaketradewithJapannomorecomplicatedthanbuyinggroceriesataneighborhoodsupermarket.Butwhatisthepriceofyen?Thisquestionismorethanslightlyimportant.IfyenarecheapifmanycanbeboughtforadollarthenbuyingJ

32、apanesegoodswillbeattractivetoAmericans,andAmericangoodswillbeexpensivetoJapanesebuyers.Thequantitiesofgoodsexchangedbetweentwocountriesdependoncomplexforces.Eventhoughunfetteredtrademightallowtheworldtoconsumemore,eachcountryislikelytobemoreconcernedaboutemploymentandincomesathomethanabouteconomist

33、sassurancesoftheefficiencyoftrade.Bothcountriesmaythereforetrytoencourageexportsanddiscourageimports.Obviously,bothcountriescannotsucceedatonce.Thereisanothersideofthesituationformanycountriesthedevelopingcountriesespecially,butalsosmallislandnations,suchasJapanandGreatBritain.Theirabilitytoimportgo

34、odsinthefuturemaybeasimportantaseconomicefficiencyandfullemploymentinthepresent.Thesecountriesdependonimportsofspareparts,equipment,andrawmaterialtokeeptheireconomiesoperating.Nottohavetheforeignexchangetobuyanewbearingforasteamturbine,oroil,orfertilizer,whentheneedarisesisarisktheysimplycannotaffor

35、d.Forthisreason,countries,evenrichcountries,trytokeepreservesofforeigncurrenciesaround.Justasindividualskeepsavingstomeetemergenciesandtocoverpaymentsonthetelevisioniftheyarelaidoff,sodonationsattempttomaintainhoardsofforeigncurrenciestocoverunexpectedevents.Thepriceofanyforeigncurrencyexpressedinth

36、elocalcurrency(say,dollars)isthusamajorissue.Anditiscloselytiedtotheneedtomaintainreservesandthedesiretomanagecertainaspectsofthedomesticeconomy.Overthepasttwocenturies,anumberofinternationalmonetarysystemshavebeensetuptodealwiththesequestions.Allhaveprovedinadequate.Theinterestsofsomecountriesinevi

37、tablyconflictwiththeinterestsofothers,andsothesystemcollapses.Butinspiteofitslimitationsandfaults,theinternationalfinancialsystemisimportanttoallofus.56.Throughexchange,bothpartiesattempttomakethemselvesbetteroff.A.agatheringofpeopleforfoodandamusementanassociationofpeoplehavingthesamepoliticalaimsa

38、groupofpeopledoingsomethingtogetheroneofthepeopleorsidesinanagreementorargument57.Justas.andtocoverpaymentsonthetelevisioniftheyarelaidoff,.A.putasideB.boughtwithoutfullybeingpaidforC.stoppedD.dismissedtemporarily,sodonationsattempttomaintainhoardsofforeigncurrenciestocoverunexpectedevents.A.toinclu

39、deB.tospreadoverC.toprotectD.tobeenoughmoneyforThepriceofanyforeigncurrencyexpressedinthelocalcurrency.A.showninsomeotherway.B.showninwordsC.sentbyexpressD.pressedoutofsomethingThepriceofanyforeigncurrency.isthusamajorissue.A.exampleB.resultC.somethingprintedD.amatterofconcernPassage3InJapanscapital

40、cityofTokyo,earthquakedangerlimitstheheightofbuildings.Thecityhasspreadoutsofarandthetraffichasbecomesoheavythatitisverydifficulttogetfromoneplacetoanother.Thepriceofland,too,hasskyrocketed.AllthisexplainswhyagroupofJapaneselanddeveloperscametotheconclusionthattherewasnowheretogobutdown.Sofartheyhav

41、edugoutspaceundergroundfromfifteenmajorshoppingcenters,andtheundergroundconstructionhasonlybegun.Whataresomeoftheadvantagesofshoppingandeatingunderground?Clean,filteredairisoneofthem.ThecityofTokyohasoneofthemostserioussmogproblemsintheworld.Anotheradvantageisthatyouescapetheever-presentthreatoftraf

42、ficaccidentsonthecitysbusystreets.Stillanotheristheconvenienceofgettingaround:Youreusuallyrightnextto,orevenin,asubwaystation.Andyoucanevenspendthenightundergroundifyoulike.TheKyobashiStation,forexample,indowntownTokyo,hasahotelwithabar,restaurant,andbarbershop.Allsortsofsurprisescanbefoundintheunde

43、rgroundworld.AttheenormousShinjukuSubwayStationyouarriveatascarceiteminTokyoaparkinglotandyoufindstoresandshopsafewstepsaway.InthesecondbasementoftheToshibaBuildingisa“FishermansWharf”crowdedwithpleasantlittleseafoodplaces.AtunnelthatconnectstheHibiyaandSanshinBuildingshasanumberofartgalleries,aswel

44、lasmedicalanddentalclinics.Inbetweenarelittlecoffeeshopswhereyoucanrelaxandgetrefreshments.Probablythemostversatileoftheundergroundwonders,andcertainlythemostcomplicatedtobuild,istheYaesuSubcenterattheheartofthecity,wherefoursubwaylineslinkup.Itsshoppingarea,whichisthesizeofthreefootballfields,conta

45、ins350stores.InYaesuyoucaneatinadifferentplaceeverydayforthreemonths.Youcandrawmoneyoutofabankandinvestitatastockbrokersoffice.Therearetailors,watchrepairers,furriers,florists,andbooksellers.AndyoucanevengetarrestedbyapoliceofficerfromtheYaesupolicestation!Underallthecommercialactivityisaparkinglotf

46、or520cars.AndunderthatisacontrolcenterwhereTVmonitorswatchthedevicesthatwatchtheairitstemperature,moisture,andpurity.Thereisnoalarmforearthquakes,whicharecommoninTokyo,buttheexpertsfeelthattherewouldbefewerproblemsundergroundthanonthesurfaceincaseofanearthquake.Yaesualsohasemergencygeneratorsforpowe

47、randachemicalsystemforfightingfire.Undergroundconstructioncanbecomplexandexpensive.Attimes,theYaesucrewscouldworkonlythreehoursadaybecausetheiractivitiesinterferedwiththerunningofthesubway.Thentherewastheproblemcausedbyfindingunidentifiedwaterandgaspipes.Sincemanyofthemunicipalblueprintsofpipesystem

48、sweredestroyedduringWorldWarII,strangepipeskeptturningup;andworkhadtobestoppedwhiletheywereidentifiedandtakencareofbydetourorreplacement.Therewasalsosomeresistancefromthepeopleaboveground.Agoodmanyneighborhoodshopkeepersbegantopickettheprojectcrying,“Undergroundisformoles.”Theyreasonedthattheywouldl

49、osealotoftheirbusinesstotheundergroundcompetition.TheYaesupeoplecounteredbyofferingthemachancetobuystockintheproject.Therewerealotoftakers,andthishadtheeffectofquietingthecomplainers.TheYaesubuilderswantedtogodeeper,butaftertheyhadspent31milliondollars,theyranoutofmoney.Still,thereseemstobelittledou

50、btthattherewillbefurtherdevelopmentdownunder.InacitylikeTokyo,almosttheonlyspaceleftisunderground.Whataresomeadvantagesofshoppingandeatingunderground?A.benefitB.gainC.favorableD.profitYoureusuallyrightnextto,orevenin,asubwaystation.A.almostB.nearC.nearlyD.nearbyInthesecondbasementof.isa“FishermansWh

51、arf”crowdedwithpleasantlittleseafoodplaces.A.friendlyB.cheerfulC.gladD.cheeringAndunderthatis.whereTVmonitorswatchthedevicesthatwatchtheairitstemperature,.A.instrumentB.methodC.signD.plan.,strangepipeskeptturningup;.A.arrivingB.appearingC.findingD.happeningPassage4Whenthespaceshuttleblastsoffonitsfi

52、rstworkingmissionintheearly1980s,thepayloaditwillhaulintoorbitwillbethefirstofanunusualtypeofall-purposecarryall,calledSpacelab,designedtotakemanykindsofspecialistsandequipmentbeyondtheearth.Itwillbeavailableforhire,asortofU-FLY-ITlaboratory.Unlikeasatellitebuiltforasinglejob,Spacelabcanbefittedouta

53、stheoccasiondemandsforeverythingfromobservingX-raysfromdistantstarstogrowingenzymesinzerogravity.UnlikeApollovehicles,whichweregoodforonetripeach,thisSpacelabisdesignedtobeusedagainandagain,perhaps50times.Unlikeearlierspaceships,mannedbyspecializedastronauts,Spacelabwillhaveascrewsscientistsandtechn

54、icianswithjustafewweekstraininginhandlingthegeartheyaretooperateinthecraft.TheversatilityofSpacelabliesinitsflexibledesign.Aspace-ageadaptationofthe“containerized”cargounitsusedontrailertrucks,railroadflatcarsandships,itconsistsoftwodifferenttypesofcargocontainersthatfitintoa60-foot-longenclosed“pay

55、loadbay”.Thebaycanholdoneortwoenclosedmodules,each8.5feetlongand13feetindiameterandpressurizedsothatitprovidesaninteriorenvironmentcomfortableenoughforasmanyasfourtechnicianstoworkinside.Orthebaycanbefilledwithuptofiveopen“pallets,”platformsthatarenotpressurizedforhumanoccupancybutaremeantsimplytosu

56、pportautomaticequipment.Mostoften,ofcourse,Spacelabwillcarrybothtypesofcontainersamoduleforscientistsdoinglaboratoryworkalongwithopenpalletsforautomaticinstrumentsexposedtothevoidofspace.Amajorityofthetestsplannedinsideagravity-freelaboratoryinvolvetheprocessingofmaterialsinspaceglass,crystalandmeta

57、l.Theequipmentforthisworkincludesasmallfurnacecapableofgeneratingtemperaturesashighas2,400C.Withit,scientistshopetodeterminewhethermoltenmetalscanbeblendedintoexoticalloysmorereadilyanduniformlyoutsideearthsgravity,whichpullsheavierelementstothebottomofacrucible.Conventionalcrucibles,whichimposethei

58、rshapeonmeltedmaterial,willnotbeneededinspace.Themeltwillfloatfreelyinsidethegravity-freefurnace.Manyinvestigationswillconcentrateonthesolarsystem.Oneexperiment,usingspecialfluidsandelectricalforces,willsimulatetheatmosphereofJupiter,Saturnandthesuntotrytounderstandwhatmakestheircloudandgaspatternsb

59、ehavethewaytheydo.Amongbiologicalexperimentsplannedisonetostudytheeffectsofweightlessnessonhumantissue,suchascomponentsofbloodsamplestakenfromtechniciansworkingintheSpacelab.Somescientistshavedesignedatesttoseehowzerogravityaffectsthedailygrowthpatternsofplants.Ifsuchexperimentsgoaswellasanticipated

60、,scientiststheworldoverwillfindopeningupforthemacompletelyneweraofresearch.Spacelabisdesignedtotakemanykindsofspecialistsandequipmentbeyondtheearth.TSpacelabcanonlybeusedforonetrip.FSpacelabisadaptedfromthe“containerized”cargounitsusedontrailertrucks,railroadflatcarsandships.TTheearthsgravitywillinf