1、 2022高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納 一、就近全都原則 1.由or，not only.butalso.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常依據(jù)就近全都原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持全都。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)（句子）而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常依據(jù)就近原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持全都。 Here is a ruler，a few penci

2、ls and two copybooks. 二、意義全都原則 1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必需用單數(shù)的狀況 (1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 Politics is his favorite subject. (2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? 2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必需用復(fù)數(shù)的狀況 表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，publi

3、c，cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for the murderer. 3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語(yǔ)表示的意義而定 (1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)其在語(yǔ)境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family a

4、re all musiclovers. (2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 三、語(yǔ)法全都原則 1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ) (1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. (2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The teacher and the poet

5、 have just arrived. (3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in ourcountry. (4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Bread and butter is not to his taste. 2.表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Is fifty pounds e

6、nough? 3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定，假如名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 假如名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Two-thirds of the books are about science. Only 30% of the work was done yesterday. 高三英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)學(xué)問 一、全部倒裝 1.There be句型：可以用在這類句型中的動(dòng)詞除b。 外，還可用live，happen，exist，remaln，stand等作這類句型的謂語(yǔ)。例如： (l)There are many stu

7、dents in the classroom (2)Long long ago there lived a king who loved horsesvery much. 2.Here/there/now+vi(常為come，go)+主語(yǔ)(必需是名詞)。此句型中here/there是用來喚起留意，意為： 喂，留意了。例如：Here comes Mary.可轉(zhuǎn)換為：I can seeMary coming. here在句中也可接系動(dòng)詞，例如：Here is John3.then引起謂語(yǔ)為come，follow的句子，例如： (l)Then came a new difficulty.然后產(chǎn)生了一

8、個(gè)新的困難。 (2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-JapaneseWar.接著是八年抗戰(zhàn)。 4- out，in，up，down，away之類的副詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句首，主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)，也就是說主語(yǔ)不能是很短的人稱代詞，謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞come，go，run，rush等。句式為：副詞_LVi.+主語(yǔ)(必需是名詞)。例如： Away went the boy. 5.介詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)放在句首，謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)，也就是說主語(yǔ)不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為：介詞短語(yǔ)+Vi.+主語(yǔ)(必需是名詞)。例如： In the middle of our schoo

9、l stands a high building. 6.表語(yǔ)放在句首，表語(yǔ)常為形容詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。要求主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)，也就是說主語(yǔ)不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為：表語(yǔ)十系動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)(必需是名詞)。例如： (1) Very important in the farms life is the radioweather report. (2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 7.直接引語(yǔ)中間或后面表示某人說這句話的插入語(yǔ)(特殊是謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí))，例如：“Help!

10、Help!”cried the littlegirl.小姑娘叫道：“救命!救命!” 假如主語(yǔ)沒有謂語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，或是它后面有賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)就仍舊放在前面，例如：“That man is a famous film star，”XiaoYang told me in a whisper.小楊低聲告知我說：“那個(gè)人是聞名的電影明星?！?二、部分倒裝 1.only+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首，例如： Only then did I realize the importance of English. 留意： 在only+狀語(yǔ)從句十主句結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)但從句用正常語(yǔ)序。 only修飾主語(yǔ)，不倒裝。 2

11、.否定詞(短語(yǔ))開頭的句子，表示否定意義的副詞never, nor,neither.表示半否定意義的副詞hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的詞組如by no means(絕不)，in no time(很快)，at no time(在任何時(shí)候都不，在任何狀況下都不),not until,not only.but also.no sooner.than. hardly.一when，scarcely when等狀況下，結(jié)構(gòu)為“否定詞十助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)十其他”。例如： (1) Never have I been in this city. (2) Little/S

12、eldom d0 1 watch TV. (3)Not until I began to work did I realize how muchtime I had wasted. 留意：關(guān)聯(lián)詞的搭配;前一分句倒裝，后一分句不倒裝。 3.以so開頭，用“so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)”表面;前面敘述的確定狀況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物，譯作“也，同樣，也如此”。表示前面敘述的否定狀況也適合于另一個(gè)人或物，用“neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)”。譯作“也不是，也沒有”。例如：Society has changedand so have the people in it.社會(huì)

13、變了，人也變了。 留意： 當(dāng)s0表示對(duì)前句內(nèi)容的確定、附和，或進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說的狀況，或者贊同前面的說法譯作“的確，正是”時(shí)應(yīng)用自然語(yǔ)序： -Tom works hard. -So he does and so do you. 倒裝部分的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和形式要與前句相全都，主謂全都的變化要與后面主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。例如：If you dont go, neither/nor shal I.(If youdont go,I shall not go.)留意：表示前面的多種狀況也適合于另一人或物，或者既有確定又有否定狀況或涉及不同類型的動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用： It is the same wit

14、h something /somebody.或So it is withsomething/somebody.例如：She does well in English, butis poor in maths. So it is with Lucy. 4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)為表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形+as+主語(yǔ)十其他，例如：Hard as he tried，he didn，t succeed留意：表語(yǔ)前的名詞無形容詞修飾時(shí)，冠詞要省略。 5.so+adj. /adv.放在句首，例如：So afraid was he inthe darkness that he didnt dare to move

15、 an inch. 6.假如虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)含有were，。hould，had，可以把if省略，而將這三個(gè)詞放于條件句主語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成倒裝。 例如：If there should be a flood,what woulci we d07一Should there be a flood, what would we do? 7.頻度副詞及短語(yǔ)often，always，now and then，many8 tlme，e”ery other day等放在句首時(shí)，有時(shí)也倒裝。例如： Many a time has he come to comfort me. 8.某些表示祝福的句子也用倒裝語(yǔ)序，例如： M

16、ay you succeed.祝你勝利! 高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)問點(diǎn)（總結(jié)） 1.定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。 2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)潔句 3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類： (1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facialresemblance between them. 很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相像。 (2) 從屬連詞whether。如： Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否會(huì)來這里還不清晰。 (3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what

17、, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清晰。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清晰。 Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都?xì)g迎。 Wherever you are is my home my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我的家。 解釋： 1.主語(yǔ)從句能用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)。 常以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有： A.It

18、+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny,possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成果會(huì)很好。 It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告知她了。 B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no s

19、urprise,etc.)+that從句。如： Its a pity that we cant go.很圓滿我們不能去。 Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽真意外。 C.It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced,arranged, etc.)+that從句。如： It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。 It is reported t

20、hat China has sent another man-made earth satellite intoorbit. 據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又勝利地放射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。 D.It+seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that從句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice好像不來參與晚會(huì)。 It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。 E.It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句。如： It doesnt matter wh