1、高中英語講義好好努力夢想終會實現(xiàn) 第三節(jié)段尾設空題（2019全國出）In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each , there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic（邏輯）of each to their par

2、ticular circumstance.Do s37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教學大綱）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn; t hiding in plain sight.Participate in discussion forums論壇），blogs and other

3、 open-ended forums for dialogue. _38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point , and make it safe for others to do the same.Don tsDon t share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses , financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in

4、need of a deadline extension , simply explain the situation to the professor. 39Don t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media , the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor; s

5、professionalism or ability , be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A . That s what they are for.B . Turn to an online instructor for help.If more information is needed , they will ask.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.Below are some common do s and

6、don ts for online learners.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。在網絡課堂上，與教授建立健康有益的互動交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列舉了 一些規(guī)矩與禁忌。.答案 E解析根據文章段落結構和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns ofcommunication w

7、ith professors is very important.”可知，在網絡課堂上，與教授建立健康的互動交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌。故選項E符合語境。.答案 G解析 空后句 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.” 解釋了什么樣的問題是受歡迎的，由此可知，G項“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions 與之相呼應，即要提一些好的經過縝密思考的問題。故選 Go.答案 A解析 根據前句 Participate in discussion foru

8、ms（ 論壇），blogs and other open-ended forumsfor dialogue.可知，要參與論壇討論、博客和其他開放式的對話論壇。而空格后一句說一定要緊扣主題，不要提供不相關的信息。A項“這就是它們的用途”承上啟下，符合語境。故選A。.答案 C解析 根據本段 “Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. 可知，不要分享個人信息或故事，如果需要更多的信息，他們會主動問起的。故選項C符合語境。.答案 F解析通讀本段，并根據本段主題句Don t openly

9、express annoyance at a professor or class.”可知，此處作者告誡讀者，每個人都可能曾經上過不太好的課，不要在社交媒體上攻擊教授，不要公開表達對教授或班級的不滿，要利用網絡課程評價系統(tǒng)平靜地提出你的意見。選項F符合上下文語境。一、題型解讀段尾設空題常見題型有：(1)總結句：總結本段內容。(2)過渡句或細節(jié)句。二、解題技巧.總結句(1)找關鍵語句：重點閱讀空前一、二句，確定關鍵詞。(2)確定信號詞：在選項中查找表結果、結論、總結等的詞語，如 therefore, thus, in short, to conclude 等。(3)注意轉折關系：利用選項中表示轉

10、折或對比的關聯(lián)詞確定選項內容與前文是否對立。(4)注意并列遞進關系：利用選項中含有并列關系的詞，與前文相似句式或詞匯復現(xiàn)等解題線索。例如：【真題感悟】中第 39題就和前文形成遞進關系。根據段首的中心句“ Don t share personal information or stories.及上文中 Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.可知，教授不是訓練有素的護士，不是經濟援助專家，也不是你 最好的朋友，不要分享個人信息或故事，如果他們需要更多信息的話，他們會主動問起的。所以

11、選Co.過渡句如果選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯(lián)，就應考慮下一段的開頭句，看是否能與選項銜接。A （2019四川遂寧三診）Cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air.However, a new study shows that the 11drop in temperature is a good reason to run. 1Many people say running in winter can be difficult.Two

12、reasons are the low temperatures and 10.bitter winds. 2 That could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body.When you run in cold weather , your heart rate and the body s dehydration（脫水）levels are lower than in warmer conditions. 3This information comes from John Brewer , who is a prof

13、essor of 1applied sport science at St.Mary s.For this study , he and other researchers put a group of people into a room they called an a environmental chamber” . The researchers then 2recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. 4 Brewer says he and his team recorded biological measu

14、rements of the runners.He says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing.Wear gloves on your hands. 5 And especially wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin.A . Yet many runners might find it easier than running i

15、n hot weather.B . We have good reasons to run in winter.Wear shoes that will keep you from falling.Many feel nervous when running in the cold weather.The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.In fact, running in cold weather helps improve one s performance.The test subjects were a

16、sked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions.語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。冬天的寒冷天氣會阻止很多人跑步。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在寒冷的冬天跑步要比在夏天更能提高人們的身體機能，文章對此項研究作了詳細說明。.答案 F解析 該空前一句提到“然而，一項新的研究表明，氣溫下降是跑步的絕佳時機”，分析各選項可知，此句與F項（事實上，在寒冷的天氣中跑步有利于改善身體機能）與此空意義是一致的。故選F。.答案 A解析 根據下文的內容“那是因為低溫環(huán)境能夠降低身體的壓力，與溫暖的環(huán)境相比，在寒冷的環(huán)境下跑步，你的心率和身體的脫水程度更低”可知，在冬天跑步比夏天更容易。分析

17、各選項可知，A項（然而，還有許多跑步者可能發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴冬時節(jié)跑步比炎夏季節(jié)更容易）符合題意，故選A。.答案 E解析 根據該空上一句“與溫暖的環(huán)境相比，在寒冷的環(huán)境下跑步，你的心率和身體的脫水程度更低”可得出“寒冷的環(huán)境下，身體需要的水分相對來說比較少”。分析各選項可知，E項（與溫暖的天氣相比，寒冷的天氣里身體需要的水分更少）符合題意，故選 E。.答案 G解析根據該空上一句“研究人員在房間里模擬夏天和冬天的天氣狀況”可知，G項“他們要求受試者在兩種環(huán)境（冬天和夏天）下跑完10 000米”符合題意，故選 Go.答案 C解析 根據上文“對于在寒冷的條件下跑步的人來說，最重要的是穿合適的衣服，戴上手套。”可

18、知，C項（穿上防滑鞋以免摔倒）符合語境，故選 CoB（2019湘贛十四校聯(lián)考）Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support.12It also contains your spine cord , a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. 6

19、.Maintaining good posture（ 姿勢）is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy.13Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight , except for its natural curves.Posture comes into play even when you are asleep.Sleeping on your side puts less stress

20、 on your spine than most other positions. 7 .Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it s important to get up and 3stretch regularly.8 .Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement.Strength exercises like pushups（俯臥撐）can also help by

21、 7strengthening the muscles around your spine.However, don t 4overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine.Finally , your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves.In particular, vitamins B and D are 8essential

22、 to keep bones healthy, so you may want to consider taking a 5supplement . 9 , so it is also helpful to do some of the back exercise outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are 9identical to those used to 6preserve your health in other ways. 10 .A . However, the latter is al

23、so absorbed from sunlight B . Staying still for too long can be hard on your back C. So protect your back, the rest of the body will benefit D. Protecting your spine with yoga is also a necessary step E. Try the following exercises to keep your spine more flexible F. Exercise is also an important fa

24、ctor in the health of your spine G. So you should take the following factors into account to have a healthy spine語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章針對我們應該如何保持脊柱的健康提出了幾點建議。.答案 G解析 本句位于段尾，起承上啟下的作用。上文強調脊柱的重要性，后文為介紹保護脊柱的建議，故可推知 G項“所以你應該通過考慮以下因素來擁有健康的脊柱”符合題意，故選 G項。.答案 B解析 根據下文 a Especially if you work at a desk most of the d

25、ay , it s important to get up andstretch regularly.（尤其是如果你一天的大部分時間都在辦公桌前工作，那么有規(guī)律地站起來伸展身體是很重要的）”可知，本空應強調太長時間保持不動不利于健康，故選 B項。.答案 F解析 根據后文 “Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement.（伸展可以幫助脊柱周圍的肌肉放松，讓骨骼進入更好的排列）“可知，本段主要強調鍛煉也是保持脊柱健康的一個重要因素，故選 F。

26、.答案 A解析 根據上文 “In particular , vitamins B and D are essential to keep bones healthy , so you may want to consider taking a supplement.（特另U是維生素 B和D對保持骨骼健康是必不可少的，所 以你可能要考慮服用補充劑）”和后文 so it is also helpful to do some of the back exerciseoutside（所以在戶外做一些背部運動也是有幫助的）”可推測本空是指要通過曬太陽維生素D才能被人體吸收，故選 A。.答案 C解析 根據

27、上文 “Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways.（許多保持脊柱健康的必要措施與那些用于以其他方 式保持健康的措施是相同的）”可知，C項“因此，保護你的背部，也有益于身體的其他部位”符合語境，故選CoI .障礙詞匯突破（一）閱讀下列句子，并根據句意猜測畫線部分的意思Those scientists are expected to engage in theoretical researchi,

28、 not applied research.應用的The Jorvik Viking Centre uses technology to recreate sounds and smells , so visitors feel they are on a journey back to the age of the Vikings.再現(xiàn)Jimmy stretched out his hand to take the candy.伸開You are supposed to work hard, but don t overdo it and make yourself ill. 把做得過火Th

29、e teacher has a point when she told us that online courses are a good supplement for school education.補充As common sense, everyone should preserve his eyes with special care.保護 (二)同義詞語替換The university hopes to strengthen its tie with the local moteAny experience , particularly the more difficult one

30、, is essential to one s development and growth.important/vitalThe twin sisters were identical in appearance but quite the opposite in character.same(三)一詞多義bitter adj.苦澀的；痛苦的；怨恨的；寒冷的，刺骨的(1)Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. adj.苦澀的(2)Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team. adj.痛

31、苦的(3)She is said to be very bitter about the unfair way she was treated. adj.怨恨的(4)Outside , a bitter east wind was accompanied by the heavy snow. adj.寒冷的，刺骨的drop v.(意外地)落下；降低，減少；遺漏，不予考慮n.滴；下降，減少；落差(1)The climber slipped and dropped to his death. v.(意外地)落下(2)According to the latest weather forecast

32、, temperatures can drop to freezing at night. v.降彳氐(3)I have been dropped from the team because of injury. v.不予考慮(4)A few drops of green food coloring were added to create a sense of environmental friendliness.n.滴(5)The result of the market research showed a sharp drop in profits. n.下降(6)The water w

33、as quite shallow but where the reef ended , there was a steep_drop to the sandy ocean floor. n.落差n .長難句理解It also contains your spine cord , a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain.句式分析本句為簡單句，主干是 It also contains your spine cord。后面 a massive

34、collection ofnerves是 spin cord 的同位語. 后面 conveying electric signals.是王見在分詞短語作定語。精美譯文它還包含脊髓.一個巨大的神經集合.將你身體其他部位的牛物電信號傳送到你的大腦。Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight , except for its natural curves.句式分析本句是主從復合句，由連詞while連接。主句中的mean doing表示“意味著做”。 注意區(qū)別mean to do,表示“打算做，意

35、圖做“。 while + doing構成狀語從句的省略,省略 了 you are。 except for的含義為“除以外”，但是往往強調“排除整體中的部分”或“美中不足之處”。精美譯文 正確的姿勢意味著站著或坐著的同時保持脊柱筆直，除了保持它的自然曲線。強化練（二十二）I .七選五AAt the end of a long day , it s all too easy to take a hot shower, brush your teeth , and then jump into bed. 1 As it turns out , going to bed with wet hair i

36、sn t as harmless as you probably thought.The first negative result of sleeping with wet hair is purely cosmetic（ 美容）.2 lf you tryto style your hair in the morning after sleeping on it wet , you re probably going to have trouble styling the resulting curliness（卷曲），funny waves , and flat sides.When yo

37、u wake up , you re probably going to have to re-wet it again to properly dry it and regain control. 3Sleeping with wet hair does not immediately damage your hair , but it can certainly lead to hair breakage, because hair is weakest when wet.First, you can swap your cotton pillowcases for silk ones.S

38、ilk has a much smoother surface, so you won t experience as much unfortunate breakage.Next, you can make sure to sleep with your hair down , instead of up in a tight ponytail.In addition , you should replace your tight bands with a soft one that isn t going to roughly pull at night.Dry oils and text

39、urizing mousses摩絲）are some of the best ways to ensure you don t wake up looking like a lion while protecting your precious hair from damage.Now that you know how bad sleeping with wet hair is , make sure you re not making these hairstyle mistakes.A . Finally , never skip out on applying product.B .

40、Here are some tips that can help dry any hair faster.This unnecessarily adds time to your morning routine.If you haven t noticed , the ends of your hair tend to dry first.You can t predict how your wet hair is going to look in the morning.But have you ever thought about the risks of sleeping with we

41、t hair?If you must sleep with wet hair , there are a few ways to minimize the damage.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了晚上濕著頭發(fā)睡覺所帶來的麻煩，以及減少傷害頭發(fā)的方法。.答案 F解析 根據該空前一句 “在漫長的一天結束后，洗個熱水澡，刷牙，然后上床睡覺，這一切都太容易了 ”和后一句“事實證明，濕著頭發(fā)睡覺并不像你想象的那么無害”可知，F(xiàn)項“但你有沒有想過濕著頭發(fā)睡覺的風險？”符合題意。故選 F。.答案 E解析根據該空前一句“濕著頭發(fā)睡覺的第一個負面結果純粹是美容”和后一句提到濕頭發(fā)所帶來的麻煩可知，

42、E項“你無法預測你濕漉漉的頭發(fā)在早上會是什么樣子”符合題意。故選E。.答案 C解析 根據該空前一句 “當你醒來的時候，你可能需要重新弄濕它，使它完全干燥，并重新獲得控制”可知，C項“這不必要地增加了你早上打理自己的時間”符合題意。故選 Co.答案 G解析 根據該空后一句 “首先，把棉枕套換成絲綢枕套”以及下文中的“Next, you can makesure to sleep with your hair down , instead of up in a tight ponytail.（ 其次， 確保你睡覺的時候頭發(fā)是垂下來的）”可知，此處為濕著頭發(fā)睡覺時可以減少傷害的幾個方法。故選 Go.

43、答案 A解析根據該空后一句“干油和紋理摩絲是一些最好的方法，以確保你醒來看起來不像一頭獅子，同時保護你珍貴的頭發(fā)不受損傷”可知，A項“最后，千萬不要忽略護發(fā)產品 ”符合題意。故選AoB（2019山東青島二模）Anyone who knows me well would see me as an optimist. 6 This was the case for me on a particularly cold January day.I felt exhausted by the painful challenges I was dealing with in my personal lif

44、e. 7 The gray sky blocked even a single ray of sunlight.About midway through the day , I left work to get some lunch.Still feeling negative , I noticed that the sun had come out for a moment.I began to think about my negative attitude and reminded myself that I was responsible for choosing my state

45、of mind. 8 Even though I reminded myself of this truth , I couldn t make the change.As I stopped at a red light , I looked at the car in front of mine.The personalized license plate caught my eye It read SUNZOUT ” . This brought an immediate smile to my face. 9 And in the midst of the longest , dark

46、est, coldest winter, this in itself was a blessing.But then my eyes moved to the car that was next to the SUNZOUT vehicle.The license plate on that car read “GROUCH ” . This brought more than a smile to my face as I laughed out loud! Seeing the two opposite license plates at that exact moment in tim

47、e strengthened my previous recognition of my ability to choose my attitude. 10I returned to work and share my story with several co-workers who responded with warm laughter at what I refer to as my “ message from beyond” . I learned that day that when we re feeling too discouraged to bring ourselves

48、 out of an inactive state , relief is only a prayer away!A . The weather seemed to match my moodB . Pessimists think the opposite way , however.However, even optimists can temporarily lose hope.It felt like a reminder that the sun was shining after all.Do you think that the sunshine will spread thro

49、ughout your life?I felt my spirit lift as I made the decision to choose a positive attitude.While I could not ignore the pain I was going through , I could choose to think positively.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己有一天情緒低落，當看到兩個截然相反的個性車牌時心情得到轉變的故事。.答案 C解析 前一句說“任何了解我的人都會認為我是一個樂觀主義者”，后一句又說“這是我在一個特別寒冷的一月里遇到的事情”，此處

50、需要一個承上啟下的過渡句，故C項（然而，即使是樂觀主義者也可能暫時失去希望）符合語境。.答案 A解析 根據本空后的 The gray sky blocked even a single ray of sunlight.”可知，灰暗的天空甚至沒有一縷陽光，故 A項（天氣似乎很符合我的心情 ）符合語境。.答案 G解析 根據本空前的I began to think about my negative attitude and reminded myself that Iwas responsible for choosing my state of mind.可知，我開始思考我的消極態(tài)度，并提醒自己

51、，我有責任選擇我的心態(tài)，故G項（雖然我不能忽視我正在經歷的痛苦，但我可以選擇積極地思考）符合語境。.答案 D解析 根據本空前的“This brought an immediate smile to my face.”可知，這使我的臉上立刻露出了笑容，故D項（這感覺就像在提醒自己：陽光畢竟是燦爛的）符合語境。.答案 F解析 根據本空前的Seeing the two opposite license plates at that exact moment in timestrengthened my previous recognition of my ability to choose my a

52、ttitude. ” 可知，看至U那兩個完 全相反的車牌的那一刻加強了我之前對自己選擇態(tài)度的能力的認識，故F項（當我決定選擇一種積極的態(tài)度時，我感到精神振奮）符合語境。n .完形填空（2019河北衡水中學聯(lián)考）At 2 ： 00 am this Friday morning , I received a text message from a friend , asking if I had any Smile Cards in Spanish.I immediately 11 that I didn t have any.However, I asked her why she wanted

53、 them 12 in Spanish and if Smile Cards in English would be 13 .To my 14 , she said she had been one of the few selected by her high school to go on a service trip to Panama.She wanted to share the concept of Smile Cards and 15 with children in the villages.I was totally 16 and excited with hearing t

54、he news! So I decided to stop 17 and call her to get more information about her service trip.She was leaving that same day at midnight.I told her I would 18 about it and let her know by afternoon if I could 19 any in Spanish.No luck till midday.20, there was one translation of the original English S

55、mile Card in Spanishonline.Carrying the 21, I headed over to a local printing shop and asked the employee if hecould print 100 Smile Cards in Spanish by 6 pm.The employee said it was 22 to get it since he was working by himself and was23with orders.Disappointed, I 24 the Englishversion of the Smile

56、Card and explained my25 to him.Even he was excited and promisedthat he d try his best to get them 26 .When the clock 27 nine, the Spanish Smile Cards were ready.To express my gratitude ,I brought some Indian food to this employee to thank him for his 28 .I quickly got into my car and 29 to my friend

57、 s house, and she was patiently standing outside awaiting my 30.We didn t get a chance to have a proper conversation but that was good enough.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了當作者得知朋友被派到巴拿馬支教，需要西班牙語版的微笑卡之后，他想方設法，終于在朋友出發(fā)之前把西班牙語版的微笑卡送到了朋友的手里。A.believedB. imaginedC. respondedD. noticed答案 C解析作者收到朋友的短信，問他是否有西班牙語版的微笑卡。

58、作者立即回復（respond）說沒有。A.specificallyB. universallyC. frequentlyD. officially答案 A解析“我”問朋友為什么專門要西班牙語版的微笑卡，英語版的微笑卡是否可以用。specifically特定地，專門地，故選 A。A.accurateB. acceptableC. valuable D . flexible答案 B解析“我”問朋友英語版的微笑卡是否可以用，故選 BoA.surpriseB. puzzleC. disappointmentD. amusement答案 A解析 從下文可知，得知朋友要去巴拿馬支教，這出乎“我”的意料，令

59、“我”很吃驚。故選A。A.solutionB. amazementC. curiosityD. kindness答案 D解析朋友想和村里的孩子們一起分享微笑卡和善意的概念。根據常識可知kindness符合語境。故選D。A.confusedB. rockedC. concernedD. satisfied答案 B解析 聽到這個消息，“我”完全震驚了。結合下文中作者立刻停止發(fā)信息，行動起來也可B. travelingD. texting推斷出。rock在此處表示“使震驚”，屬于熟詞生義。故選 BoA.talkingC. discussing答案 D解析 結合文章第一句 a text message

60、的提示可知,此處表示“我”得知這個消息之后,立刻停止發(fā)短信。text在此用作動詞，意為 “發(fā)短信”，故選D。A.worryC. enquire答案 CB. bargainD. quarrel解析 朋友要在當天午夜出發(fā),我”告訴朋友“我”將去詢問(enquire)關于西班牙版的微笑卡的事，故選CoA.take charge ofcontrol答案 DB. searchget hold of解析 “我”告訴朋友“我”會在中午之前回復她是否能找到(get hold of)西班牙語版的微笑卡。A.StrangelyB. FortunatelyC. ObviouslyD. Hopefully答案 B解析