1、 子主題(二)人與環(huán)境、人與動植物閱讀理解A(2020全國卷D)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another，employees

2、were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions.These inclu

3、de plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano，a professor of che

4、mical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(發(fā)光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for threeandahalf hours.The light，about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start.The technolog

5、y，Strano said，could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into selfpowered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are also trying

6、 to develop an on and off“switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(電源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highwaya lo

7、t of energy is lost during transmission(傳輸)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了與植物有關(guān)的研究，重點介紹了發(fā)光植物的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AA new study of different plants.BA big fall in crime rates.CEmployees from various workplaces.DBenefits fr

8、om green plants.D段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Recent studies have found positive effects.” 可知，D選項“Benefits from green plants”能概括本段內(nèi)容。2What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?ATo detect plants lack of water.BTo change compositions of plants.CTo make the life of plants longer.DT

9、o test chemicals in plants.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water.”可知，A選項正確。根據(jù)該句后半部分“a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.”可知，干擾項D選項錯誤。3What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?AThey will

10、 speed up energy production.BThey may transmit electricity to the home.CThey might help reduce energy consumption.DThey could take the place of power plants.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知，在未來發(fā)光的植物可能有助于減少能源消耗。4Which of the followi

11、ng can be the best title for the text?ACan We Grow More Glowing Plants?BHow Do We Live with Glowing Plants?CCould Glowing Plants Replace Lamps?DHow Are Glowing Plants Made Pollutionfree?C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段點明植物的積極作用；第二段是有關(guān)植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段說明最新的研究表明植物可以發(fā)光；第四段是有關(guān)將來要開發(fā)的一種用在植物葉子上的技術(shù)及研究植物發(fā)光是否可以“打開”和“關(guān)上”；第五段表述能量在

12、傳輸中損失很多，或許發(fā)光植物可以解決這一問題。故C選項(發(fā)光的植物能代替燈嗎？)最能凸顯本文主題。B(2020全國卷B)When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month，a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they werent there to throw red paint on furcoatwearing film stars.Instead，one activist，dr

13、essed in a fullbody monkey suit，had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！” The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture(動作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals，spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performanc

14、e and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(圖像)In this case，one of a realisticlooking ape.Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule.In fact，Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization，which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertai

15、nment，is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year.Already，a number of films，including “Water for Elephants，” “The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases，its not so much the treatm

16、ent of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; its the offset training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there are questions about the films made outside the States，which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.【語篇解讀】猩球崛起電影制作人

17、使用了數(shù)字化的猿猴作主演，動物保護(hù)者對此深表感激。但是在電影行業(yè)中有很多動物演員受到了不公正的對待，這需要引起人們的關(guān)注。5Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?ATo see famous film stars.BTo oppose wearing fur coats.CTo raise money for animal protection.DTo express thanks to some filmmakers.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Instead，one activist，dressed in a

18、 fullbody monkey suit，had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！”可知，動物保護(hù)者在Hollywood Boulevard集會是為了向一些電影制片人表示感謝，故D項正確。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe cost of making “Apes”BThe creation of digitalized apes.CThe publicity about “Apes”DThe performanc

19、e of real apes.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The creative team behind Apes used motioncapture (動作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals.records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (圖像)”可以判斷，本段主要介紹了數(shù)字化猿猴的創(chuàng)作，故選B。7What does the underlined phrase “keeping t

20、abs on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AListing completely.BDirecting professionally.CPromoting successfully.DWatching carefully.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“One nonprofit organization，which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment”可知，該非營利性組織旨在監(jiān)督電影娛樂業(yè)對待動物的方式，所以畫線短語與monitor(監(jiān)督)意義最為接近，故D項“密切關(guān)注”正確。8Wh

21、at can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?AThey may be badly treated.BThey should take further training.CThey could be traded illegally.DThey would lose popularity.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In some cases，its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists wor

22、ried；its the offset training and living conditions that are raising concerns.”可以推斷，動物演員可能受到了不公正的對待，故A項正確。C(2021新高考卷C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these

23、precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of we

24、tlands were dried to feed and house the everincreasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(棲息地)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(遷徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands s

25、o vital to their survival.Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by JN.“Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by Presiden

26、t Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for in

27、clusion into the National Wildlife Refuge Systema fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Progr

28、am has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.9What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?ALoss of wetlands.BPopularity of water sports.CPollution of rivers.DArrival of other wild animals.10What does the underlined word “decimate” mean

29、in the first paragraph?AAcquire.BExport.CDestroy.DDistribute.11What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?AThe stamp price has gone down.BThe migratory birds have flown away.CThe hunters have stopped hunting.DThe government has collected money.12Which of the following is a suitable title for

30、the text?AThe Federal Duck Stamp StoryBThe National Wildlife Refuge SystemCThe Benefits of Saving WaterfowlDThe History of Migratory Bird Hunting【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了美國的聯(lián)邦鴨票計劃的由來和它的意義。該計劃啟動于1934年，其收入用來保護(hù)美國數(shù)百萬英畝沼澤濕地中的水禽，并要求所有年滿16歲的水禽狩獵者必須購買美國鴨票。9A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to fe

31、ed and house the everincreasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，數(shù)百萬英畝的濕地的流失導(dǎo)致了水禽數(shù)量不斷減少。故選A項。10C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞所在句的上文可知，探險家們第一次踏上北美大陸時，北美洲有著多種多樣的野生動物。由畫線單詞所在的句子“Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resou

32、rces.”可知，此處講述的是不幸的事情，并與上文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故此處表達(dá)的是，這些探險者和定居者只用了幾十年的時間就摧毀了這些資源的大部分。分析選項可知，decimate與destroy的含義相近，故選C項。11D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat.”可推知，1934年頒布的法案的直接結(jié)果是政府籌集到了保護(hù)野生動物的

33、資金。故選D項。12A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了美國聯(lián)邦的鴨票計劃的由來和它的意義。所以本文是圍繞The Federal Duck Stamp來展開文章內(nèi)容的，故最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為A項The Federal Duck Stamp Story(聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事)。D(2021全國甲卷B)Port Lympne Reserve，which runs a breeding(繁育) programme，has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽)When the tiny creature arrived on January

34、 31，she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival，especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈養(yǎng))Paul Beer，head of rhino section at Port Lympne，said: “Obviously were all absolutely delight

35、ed to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.Shes healthy，strong and already eager to play and explore.Her mother，Solio，is a firsttime mum and she is doing a fantastic job.Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open，but as soon as the weather warms up，I have no doubt that th

36、e little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve，but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.The first rhino to be born at Port Ly

37、mpne arrived on January 5 to firsttime mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.His mother，grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund，the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5，500，giving the rhinos a “criticall

38、y endangered” status.13Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?ACostly.BControversial.CAmbitious. DSuccessful.14What does Paul Beer say about the newborn rhino?AShe loves staying with her mother.BShe dislikes outdoor activities.CShe is in good condition.DShe is sensitive to heat

39、.15What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?AThey had their first born in January.BThey enjoyed exploring new places.CThey lived with their grandmothers.DThey were brought to the reserve young.16What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?AThe rhino section will be open to the public.BIt

40、aims to control the number of the animals.CIt will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.DSome of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.【語篇解讀】在Port Lympne保護(hù)區(qū)降生了一頭罕見的黑犀牛幼崽，這種稀有動物因很難圈養(yǎng)繁殖，因此尤其珍貴。13D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31，she became the 40th blac

41、k rhino to be born at the reserve.”以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5.His mother，grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.”可推知，該保護(hù)區(qū)的繁育計劃是成功的。故選D項。14C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Shes healthy，strong and already eager to play and explo

42、re.”可知，新出生的犀牛狀態(tài)良好。故選C項。15A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31.”、第二段中的“Her mother，Solio，is a firsttime mum.”和第三段第二句“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to firsttime mother Kisima.”可知，兩頭犀牛幼崽都于一月出生，而且Solio和Kisima這兩頭母犀牛都是第一次生產(chǎn)。故選A項。16D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“.

43、but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.”可推知，有一些黑犀牛也許會被送到野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)。故選D項。1subject n課程；主題2crime n犯罪3actual adj實際的4treatment n對待，治療5remove v去除6source n來源7remote adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的8creative adj.有創(chuàng)造力的9motion n運動10continent n大陸；洲11especially adv

44、.尤其，特別，格外12adorable adj.可愛的，值得敬重的13anger n生氣14creature n生物15properly adv.合適地16candidate n候選人，候補者；應(yīng)試者1step n步；步驟2variety n多樣；種類3arrival n到達(dá)4eager adj.渴望的，熱切的5final adj.最后的6weigh vi.&vt.重量為；權(quán)衡7survival n幸存；幸存者；生存8generation n代；(產(chǎn)品類型的)代；產(chǎn)生1science n科學(xué)scientific adj.科學(xué)的2critical adj.決定性的，批評的critically a

45、dv.危急地，嚴(yán)重地；很大程度上3rare adj.稀有的，杰出的 rarely adv.很少地，罕有地4politics n政治學(xué) political adj.政治的；政治上的；政黨的5annual adj.每年的 annually adv.每年；年年6doubt n&v.懷疑 doubtful adj.可疑的，疑心的7include v包括，包含 inclusion n包含1short of 缺乏2set foot upon 踏上3be alive with 充滿4a handful of 一把；一小撮；少數(shù)5(out)in/into the open 在戶外，去戶外即時演練單句語法填空1

46、We want all our students to develop into mature citizens who are able to think critically(critical)2In fact, cultural diversity(diverse) is what makes our world so rich and so colorful.3If he didnt have a secretary to remind him, he wouldnt keep any of his appointments(appoint)4The ready availabilit

47、y(available) of guns has contributed to the everincreasing violence.5Finally (final) he lost his patience and started to yell at his mother.6I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being praised (praise) for my honesty.7On the way to the valley, sometimes we slept out in

48、the open with nothing above us but the stars.8In the movie, he plays a concerned (concern) and sensitive father trying to bring up two teenage children on his own.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.研究對象2Were thinking about how

49、 we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.改變的基因結(jié)構(gòu)3The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.成為.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部

50、分譯成漢語)1The light, about onethousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start.譯文這種光大約有閱讀所需光線的千分之一，僅僅處在早期階段。2In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a oneoff treatment that would last the plants lifetime.譯文將來，研究團(tuán)隊希望開發(fā)一種技術(shù)，

51、可以一次性噴灑到植物葉面，能伴隨植物一生。3Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.譯文 對它們來說，現(xiàn)在去戶外依然很冷，但是，一旦天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，我相信這只小黑犀牛就能夠外出走動，每天探索和玩耍。.復(fù)雜晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1The engineers at

52、 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.分析本句是一個簡單句。主語是the engineers，謂語部分是have taken it a step further，破折號后用來解釋說明，changing the actual composition of plants為結(jié)果狀語，in

53、order to.是目的狀語。譯文麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師們又向前邁出了一步改變植物的實際成分，讓它們起到不同的、甚至不尋常的作用。2The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actors performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create

54、a final image.分析本句是復(fù)合句。主句的主語是the creative team，謂語部分是used motioncapture technology，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to create digitalized animals是目的狀語，spending tens of millions of dollars on technology現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾technology，從句中的謂語有兩部分，即records和processes。譯文“大猩猩”背后的創(chuàng)意團(tuán)隊使用動作捕捉技術(shù)來創(chuàng)建數(shù)字化的動物，花費數(shù)千萬美元用于記錄演員的表演，并隨后利用電腦圖形對其進(jìn)行加工以

55、創(chuàng)建最終圖像。3Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants，”“The Hangover Part ” and “Zookeeper，” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.分析本句是復(fù)合句。主句主語是a number of films，謂語部分是have drawn the anger of activists，who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾activists，動詞

56、say后面是賓語從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that，從句中主語是the creatures, 謂語是havent been treated properly，acting in them是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾creatures。譯文包括大象的眼淚、宿醉、動物園看守在內(nèi)的許多電影已經(jīng)引起了動物保護(hù)者的憤怒，他們說在其中參演的動物沒有被善待。4The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will ma

57、ke good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.分析本句由but連接的兩個并列句構(gòu)成。but前面的分句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句，born this year at the reserve為過去分詞短語，用作后置定語修飾rhino。but后邊是復(fù)合句，其中it is too early是主句，it作形式主語，to tell.是真正的主語，if表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作tell的賓語；if從句中的to be returned to protected areas of the wild為不定式短語作后置定語，修飾c

58、andidates。譯文這只可愛的小母牛是今年在保護(hù)區(qū)出生的第二只黑犀牛，但是現(xiàn)在要說這些小犀牛是否能夠送回野生保護(hù)區(qū)，還為時尚早。1expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨expose.to.使顯露/暴露于/接觸到(be)exposed to.暴露于；處于危險中expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible讓孩子受到盡可能多的藝術(shù)和文化熏陶be exposed to dangerous chemicals身處危險的化學(xué)品中基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words

59、 and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed(expose) to secondhand smoking in public places now.Some people think we shouldnt expose the children to computer games.能力提升完成句子/句式升級普通表達(dá)：If you expose yourself to (把自己暴露在)the sunlight for too lo

60、ng, you will get your skin harmed.高級表達(dá)： Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(動名詞短語作主語)2case n情況；病例；案例in case以防；以防萬一in case of假使；如果in this/that case 如果是這樣/那樣的話in any case無論如何；不管怎樣in no case 決不(置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝)as is often the case 這是常有的事a classic case of bad manag