1、2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語法專項(xiàng)突破第二板塊專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案新人教版2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語法專項(xiàng)突破第二板塊專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案新人教版PAGE 2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語法專項(xiàng)突破第二板塊專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案新人教版專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞- 知 識(shí) 梳 理 -一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)表達(dá)意義不定式一般式to do /to be done動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式to be doing動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式to have done /to have been done動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生v.。ing形式一般式doing /being

2、done動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式having done /having been done動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生v.ed形式-表示完成和被動(dòng)二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的功能作主語和表語不定式作主語或表語往往是一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作； 常用it作形式主語To get there by bike will take us half an hour. Its our duty to take good care of the old。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people。 My chief purpose is to point out th

3、e difficulties of the matter.v.。ing形式作主語或表語,表示一般或抽象的多次行為；常用句式:It is no use /good doing sth。It is no use fishing in this river; there are none left.v。.ed形式不作主語，作表語時(shí)常表示主語的狀態(tài)The window is broken.作定語不定式作定語表示將來的動(dòng)作；也表示第幾個(gè)做某事的人或物We must find a person to do the work。 There is no one to take care of her. In

4、my family， my mother is always the first one to get up.v.ing形式作定語時(shí)與所修飾的名詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系或表示所修飾名詞的用途Please go to the meeting room.He rushed into the burning house.v.ed形式作定語時(shí)表示與所修飾名詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系The most common error made in hanging pictures is to hang them too high.Local people invited to attend a meeting are very

5、 pleased to share their experiences of hospital services。作賓語不定式作賓語The driver failed to see the other car in time. I happen to know the answer to your question。 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí)，常用形式賓語itWe think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor。I find it

6、difficult to learn English well.v。ing形式作賓語Were considering paying a visit to the Science Museum。 They only allow smoking in restricted areas.作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓補(bǔ)Father will not allow us to play on the street. We believe him to be guilty。 v。ing形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)與賓語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系I heard Tom singing an English song in the next r

7、oom。 On the top of the hill, he could see smoke rising from the chimneys.v。ed形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)與賓語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系When they got there, they found the house burnt down。The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked。特定動(dòng)詞后非謂語動(dòng)詞形式以下詞只接不定式作賓語:afford, agree, determine, decide， refuse, expect， hope， manage， want

8、, fail， wish, ask， pretend， promise， happen， would like， set out等Soon the villagers couldnt afford to buy food for themselves。I managed to get all the ironing done this morning。I promise to come for a long visit.以下詞只接v。ing形式作賓語：advise， admit， enjoy， avoid， appreciate, delay， miss, finish, practise,

9、imagine, suggest, escape, resist， risk， feel like， insist on, set about等I always imagine flying like a bird.I avoid working in places which are too public?！耙蓡栐~ 不定式常在decide, know， consider， forget, learn, remember， show， understand, see， wonder, hear, find out, explain， tell等詞后作賓語Please show us how t

10、o do that.I cant decide which to buy.We dont know how to put it into practice.不定式跟在一些特定的動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ): advise,believe， cause, challenge， forbid, force， find， hire, instruct， invite, permit, persuade， remind, request， require, select， send， suppose, tell， train, allow， order， urge， force, encourage等Mum forb

11、ad them to play ball in the public garden.Hed managed to persuade Dad to buy a car for him。How could you allow him to do something like that？以下詞作“需要”講時(shí),后接v。ing主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義：need， want， require(若用不定式則用to be done形式）My car needs washing /to be washed.The house wants painting /to be painted. Your hair need

12、s cutting /to be cut.以下詞可接不定式，也可接 v.ing形式，意義基本相同：prefer， like， love, start， begin， hate， intend等I prefer going to the cinema tonight.I prefer to go to the cinema tonight。I intend to rewrite the story for younger children。I intend rewriting the story for younger children。以下詞可接不定式，也可接v。.ing形式，意義差別很大：e

13、q blc(avs4alco1（try to do sth. 努力做/企圖做某事，try doing sth。 嘗試做/試著做某事)）eq blc（avs4alco1（mean to do sth. 打算做某事,mean doing sth。 意味著做某事)eq blc（avs4alco1（forget /remember /regret to do sth。 表示動(dòng)作,還沒發(fā)生,forget /remember /regret doing sth。表示動(dòng)作，已發(fā)生)eq blc(avs4alco1（go on to do sth. 接下來做某事（做另一件事),go on doing sth。

14、 繼續(xù)做某事（做同一件事）)eq blc（avs4alco1(stop to do sth. 停下來做另一件事,stop doing sth. 停止做某事)）eq blc（avs4alco1(cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，cant help （to） do sth。 不能幫助做某事)）Ill try to catch up with my class。 我將盡力趕上同學(xué)們。I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我試著不查詞典來閱讀課文。I didnt mean to bother you.

15、 我本不想打擾你.What he said means going there by air. 他的話的意思是坐飛機(jī)去那兒。Im very busy now， so I cant help (to） clean the room。我現(xiàn)在很忙,因此不能幫助打掃房間.The girl couldnt help crying when she saw her mother again. 當(dāng)這個(gè)女孩再次看到母親時(shí)，她情不自禁地哭了起來.v.。ing形式還可以充當(dāng)介詞的賓語Dont forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom.

16、He entered the chemistry lab without being permitted.三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語不定式作狀語表示目的,常置于句首，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開；在句末時(shí)則不用隔開To draw maps properly, you need a special pen。He opened the door for the children to come in。表示結(jié)果，常用句型：only /just to（表示意想不到的結(jié)果)； too.。to。 (太而不能); so /such。.。as to.。. (如此以致于)； enough for sb.to （足夠)I drov

17、e to the parking lot only to find it was fully parked with all kinds of vehicles。He was so excited as to be unable to speak。The ice is thick enough to walk on.The case was too heavy to be carried by a child。表示原因,常用句型:主語系動(dòng)詞形容詞to doI was surprised to find him here。v.ing作狀語表示原因,一般式表示動(dòng)作與句子謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；完成式表示

18、動(dòng)作早于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生Standing on the top of the mountain， I felt relaxed.Having been told the meeting was cancelled， I went home after work.表示時(shí)間，其動(dòng)作在句子謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生均可While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Mary.Having finished his homework, Tom went to play basketball。表示方式或伴隨情況，常跟在句子后At the bell o

19、f the class, he came running into the classroom。表示結(jié)果，跟在句后The plane crashed, killing all the people on board.表示條件,置于句首或句末Working hard， youll succeed one day.表示讓步，置于句首或句末Having been told many times， he still repeated the same mistakes.過去分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間When asked her further plans, she said that she wanted t

20、o be a nurse.表示原因Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling。表示條件If taken according to the directions， the medicine has no side effect。表示結(jié)果The girl met with an accident， wounded in the head。表示讓步Encouraged by his parents， he still has no confidence in finding a job.表示方式或伴隨The old man

21、got off the bed， supported by his son.四、非謂語動(dòng)詞的其他事項(xiàng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(非謂語動(dòng)詞本身有動(dòng)詞的特性，其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示)名詞/代詞v.ing形式，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行They seating themselves， the teacher began to tell the stories.名詞/代詞v.ed形式，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或動(dòng)作已結(jié)束Her glasses broken, she couldnt read the book.名詞/代詞不定式，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生Lots of homework

22、 to do, he has to go home.其他形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)名詞/代詞(being）形容詞/副詞Summer holidays (being) over， students return to school.名詞/代詞介詞短語Sword in hand， I followed him here and climbed in.There /It being名詞/代詞/形容詞There being no one to turn to, he had to repair the car himself。It being fine, we can go to the beach.with

23、 /without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.非謂語動(dòng)詞的一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)have /get sth. doneYoud better have /get your car checked。make sb. /sth。 doneThats a special way to make myself understood.make /have /let sb. do sth.The teacher made /had /let us finish the homework。get sb. to do sth。You should get your parents to help you.find /catch sb. doing sth.He was found /caught stealing in the shop。find sth。 doneHe found his room broken into.感官動(dòng)詞（feel， hear, see等）sb. /sth.doing sth.I saw h