1、2021/8/11 星期三1(十一)定語(yǔ)從句一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。who代指 人，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；whom代指人，作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓 語(yǔ)；whose代指人(of whom)或物(of which)，作定語(yǔ)； which代指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；that代指人或物，作主語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 This is the detective who came from London. The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas

2、Hardy. The desk whose leg is broken is very old. He is no longer the boy that he used to be two years ago. 使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 2021/8/11 星期三2(1)“介詞關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom或which，不可用who或that。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to_whom she c

3、ould turn for help.(2)“whose n.”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可換成“the n. of whom/which”或“of which the n.”。He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.He lives in a big house the window of which faces the sea.He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea.(3)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句還可修飾前面整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)which相當(dāng)于and this。He s

4、ucceeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy. 2021/8/11 星期三3 The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.【注】判斷定語(yǔ)從句用什么引導(dǎo)詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在從句中 作什么成分。 Ill never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.(先行詞the day作spent的賓語(yǔ)：I spent the day with you o

5、n the farm.) Ill never forget the day when I worked together with you on the farm.(先行詞the day在從句中作狀語(yǔ)：I worked together with you on the farm on that day.) He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.(先行詞the factory在從句中作主語(yǔ)：The factory makes color TV sets.) He works in the factory where color TV

6、sets are made.(先行詞the factory在從句中作狀語(yǔ)：Color TV sets are made in the factory.) 2021/8/11 星期三4二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why在定語(yǔ)從句中分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn) 或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引 導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系副詞。 I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Lin. This is the place where we lived for 5

7、years. I know the reason why he came late.2.關(guān)系副詞?？蓳Q成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”。when可換成on/in/by which等，where可換成at/in/from which等，why換成for which。 This is the factory where I paid a visit the other day. 2021/8/11 星期三5 This is the factory to_which_I_paid_a_visit the other day. This is the factory that/which_I_visited the

8、 other day.3.that有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)that可以省去， 不過這是一種非正式用法。 It happened on the day (that/when) I was born.4.way后面的定語(yǔ)從句不能用how引導(dǎo)。如way在從句中作狀語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)用in which或that引導(dǎo)，甚至還可省略引導(dǎo)詞；如作主語(yǔ)或賓 語(yǔ)應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)。 I dont like the way (in which/that) he talks. The way that/which he thought of to solve the problem might be

9、helpful.5.from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 Tom hid himself behind the door，from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 2021/8/11 星期三66.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 as有“正如，就像”之意，可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句可位于 主句的前面、中間或后面；但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一 般只能放在主句之后。 As had been expected，the England team won the football match. The r

10、esult of the experiment was very good，which we hadnt expected.7.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的識(shí)別 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間要用“逗號(hào)”分隔，并且不能加入 and，but，so等連接詞。并列句一般由and，but，so等詞連接， 或中間用“分號(hào)”隔開。 He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows，an

11、d most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. 2021/8/11 星期三7 He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows；most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.8.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句是位于名詞answer，belief，doubt，decision， explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order， problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并

12、對(duì)這些名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充 說(shuō)明或解釋；從句一般是一個(gè)完整的句子，引導(dǎo)詞that只起引導(dǎo) 作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位語(yǔ)從句不可用 which引導(dǎo)。而定語(yǔ)從句通常是一個(gè)不完整的句子，缺少主語(yǔ)或 賓語(yǔ)等。 The fact that she hasnt known the result of the examination is clear. The fact (that/which) she told me yesterday is very important. 2021/8/11 星期三8過關(guān)落實(shí)1.Some preschool children go to a day care

13、center，_ they learn simple games and songs. A.then B.there C.while D.where 解析：where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 答案：D2.He was educated at the local high school，_ he went on to Beijing University. A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that 解析：after which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，which指上面的句子He was educated at the local hig

14、h school，表示“在當(dāng)?shù)馗咧惺芙?育后上了北京大學(xué)”。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三93.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A.when B.whose C.which D.where 解析：先行詞是activity，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示 “在這種活動(dòng)中”，故選where。 答案：D4.Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked.

15、 A.that B.there C.which D.where 解析：where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾the farm，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三105.The book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes. A.when B.during which C.since then D.since when 解析：1946是先行詞，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，由句意可知，關(guān)系 詞前應(yīng)加since，譯為“自從那時(shí)”。 答案：D6.By serving others，a per

16、son focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_ can be very eyeopening and rewarding. A.who B.which C.what D.that 解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三117.I was given three books on cooking，the first _ I really enjoyed. A.of that B.of which C.that D.which 解析：of which指of the three boo

17、ks on cooking；of結(jié)構(gòu)提 前，指物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用which。 答案：B8.The Beatles，_ many of you are old enough to remember，came from Liverpool. A.what B.that C.how D.as 解析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三129.We saw several natives advancing towards our party，and one of them came up to us，_ we gave some bells and glasses. A.to

18、 which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 解析：當(dāng)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)(to)提前，指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom。 答案：B10.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come. A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 解析：“從哪個(gè)方向來(lái)”為come from the direction，變?yōu)槎ㄕZ(yǔ) 從句時(shí)

19、from提前，用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三1311.It is far better for one to drink milk，_ one gets healthful nutrients，than to drink coffee，_ contains no nutrients at all. A.what；what B.where；as C.from which；which D.in which；what 解析：根據(jù)句意“人們從牛奶中得到有益健康的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分”可 知，第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填from which；兩個(gè)從句都是非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句，指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C12.Last October China launched its second manned spaceship Shenzhou ，_ two Chinese astronauts traveled in space for five days. A.in which B.at which C.by which D.from which 解析：先行詞為Shenzhou ，定語(yǔ)從句表示“兩名宇航員來(lái)此 飛船”，故用in which。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三1413.The authors of computer viruse