1、英語閱讀理解講解典型英語閱讀理解講解典型英語閱讀理解講解典型1.主旨大意2. 事實細(xì)節(jié)3. 推理判斷4. 猜測詞義5.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)高考閱讀技能考察2021/4/132近4年山東閱讀理解比較2021/4/133 典型題匯編閱讀理解題型分類及錯題分析：主旨大意：10事實細(xì)節(jié)題：1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 23推理判斷題：22, 19, 24猜測詞義：15, 18篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：5, 11, 212021/4/134主旨大意題【設(shè)題類型】 1概括文章/段落大意； 2選出最佳題目(標(biāo)題)； 3概括人物特點。2021/4/135有主題句找主題句;

2、無主題句歸納總結(jié)全文用逆推法: 若以它為標(biāo)題，文章會如何展開1. 主旨特點：概括(全面)性，簡潔性，新穎性2. 根據(jù)特征排除細(xì)節(jié)命題3. 主題詞出現(xiàn)-排除花哨而無關(guān)命題的選項如B篇10題B2021/4/136真題體驗-2012山東卷D篇75題 Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do enable laziness. Rather than getting upto check on whether the laundry is done, users will

3、 instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. 75.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The laundry should be frequently checked. B. Lazy people like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems. D. Television may help do the laundry. 2021/4/137事實細(xì)節(jié)題正確選項特征 1. 用同義詞或句子

4、替換文中的關(guān)鍵詞，句。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項。 (如B篇第9題C)2.詞性的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。（如E篇第23題C）3.語言簡化。即分析原文長難句。 (如A篇第3題)4.正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項( 如C篇12題C)。2021/4/138事實細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項的特點及概括3. 偷換概念2.擴(kuò)大/縮小范圍4.以偏概全5.無中生有6.答非所問：1.正誤并存2021/4/1392011山東卷C篇66題 Diana Jacobs thought her family had aworkable plan t

5、o pay for college for her 21year-old twin sons: a combination of savings,income, scholarships, and a modest amountof borrowing. Then her husband lost his job,and the plan fell apart.66. According to Paragraph1, why did the plan of the Jacobs family fail?The twins wasted too much moneyThe father was

6、out of job.Their savings ran out. D.The family fell apart.2021/4/1310推理判斷：名家指點嚴(yán)格按照文中信息推斷。(如C篇19題C) 特別注意1) 文中的虛擬語氣，情態(tài)動詞，形容詞，副詞所流露的弦外之音。(如E篇22題B)2) 某些過渡詞（however，though，but, on the contrary, whats more, according to ）后面的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點和態(tài)度。(如E篇22B，24題D)3. 正確選項的特點：1)不是文中明確說明的內(nèi)容，需要引申推理2) 具體，全面 2021/4/131120

7、11山東卷B篇65題 The Richters spend about 400 a monthsending books to 200 children. “Some peoplesit there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Othersget as busy as they can in the time they haveleft.”65. What can we learn from Tims words in the last paragraph?A. He needs more money to help the children.B. He wond

8、ers why some people are so busy.C. He tries to save those waiting to die.D. He considers his efforts worthwhile.2021/4/13122013-5-15B篇65題 For more information, please click here65The text is most probably taken from a _ Ajob application Bpopular magazine Clife website Dtourist guidebook2021/4/1313上下

9、文構(gòu)詞法猜測詞意如：C篇15題,D篇18題2021/4/1314詞的前綴和后綴-擴(kuò)大詞匯量super- (超) mini-(極小的 微小的) micro- (極微小的) re- (再，反復(fù)) mis-(誤，惡) in- im-(不) mal-(不，不良) dis-(不，非)non-(不，非) -able(能的 ) -less (不，無) de (表示相反)-over(超過，過多) fore- pre- (在 之前)sub-(在 下面；次；亞)2021/4/13151. nonprofit2. hopeless 3. rebuild 4. microwave 5. invisible6. mis

10、pronounce7. nonsmoker8. overwork9. subtitleGuess the meanings of the following words?2021/4/13162010山東卷B篇61題 Ask someone what they have done to helpthe environment recently and they will almostcertainly mention recycling. Recycling in thehome is very important of course. However,being forced to recy

11、cle often means wealready have more material than we need. Weare dealing with the results of that overconsumption in the greenest way possible,but it would be far better if we did not need tobring so much material home in the first place. 61. What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer

12、to? A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes.C. Making more products than necessary.D. Having more material than is needed. 2021/4/1317 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)往往以文體為依據(jù)： 記敘文、議論文、夾敘夾議、說明文。把握文章的脈絡(luò)，理解段落層次之間的關(guān)系，弄清作者的寫作方法和意圖,并以此做出推理和判斷。對主旨大意、推理判斷和猜測詞義有很大幫助。文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(如A篇第5題, C篇第11題，E篇第21題)2021/4/13181. 議論文的基本結(jié)

13、構(gòu)ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupporting sentencesfactsexamplestheory論點論據(jù)結(jié)論2021/4/13192.記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)Narrative writingsStorypresentationEndingTime cluesInverted time cluessurprisinghumourous2021/4/13203.夾敘夾議文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：opinionadvicesignificanceStorypresentationconclusion2021/4/13214說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)Desc

14、riptive writingIntroductionExplanationConclusionPresent factsExplanation或(如A篇第5題)2021/4/1322總結(jié)：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)作用1.提綱挈領(lǐng)-總結(jié)全文-主旨要義。2.分析語句間的關(guān)系:把握細(xì)節(jié)；猜測詞義。3.信號詞顯示:做出合理的推斷。4.文章脈絡(luò)清晰:把握作者情感和態(tài)度變化。2021/4/1323 2013-4-21周末作業(yè) There are many great movie directors of all time and the following are five of those who have larg

15、ely impressed audience with their body of work. As a member of the New Hollywood gang, Francis Coppola is best remembered for Stanley Kubricks movies focus on . Steven Spielberg is a great success . Woody Allen is a director who directs 65. What will be discussed in the paragraph that follows this p

16、assage?A. Their contribution to the societyB. The difference between the directorsC. Another famous movie directorsD. More great movies from the directors2021/4/1324高考英語模擬訓(xùn)練2013-5-8 Everyone knows about straight-A students The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic technique

17、s that others can readily learn.59. What will be talked about after the last paragraph? A. The interviews with more students. B. The role IQ plays in learning well. C. The techniques to be better learners. D. The achievements top students make.2021/4/1325變式訓(xùn)練Passage A I. Please list four factors cau

18、sing asharp decline of overwinteringmonarchs: (within 15words)The loss of large pines Coastal development The abuse of chemicals Climate changeII. During the 1990s, a deadly diseasekilled off most large pines _the monarch habitats at Natural Bridges,_ monarchs to seek shelterelsewhere shelteringforcing2021/4/1326變式訓(xùn)練Passage BHow can we make new friends in a new city quickly?By taking pictures (of others)