1、2021Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. Onthe one hand, its a necessary condition 1manyworthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. Onthe othe

2、r hand, putting your 2 ,in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trustin an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts h

3、umansto 7 withone another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangersthan were their 10 who inhaled

4、something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credibleperson and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding aplastic container. The tester would ask, “W

5、hats in here? before looking into thecontainer, smiling, and exclaiming, Wow! Each subject was then invited to look15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realizedthe tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate

6、with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19, only five of the 30 children paired with the“ 20tester participated in a follow-up activity.* 1. A on2. A faith * *B likeC forD from(B) concern3. Abenefit4. ATherefore5. AjUntilB debtB ThenC InsteadC Alihough

7、CappliesC coune ctB Unless6.Aselects7. A consdtS. AatB pro ducesB competeD maintainsD compareDtoIB byCof9. A contextB moodC periodD circleDjaupportersD Ironic1 O.A counterparts1 l.A FunnyB substitutesB LuckyC colleaguesCOdd12.A monitorB protectC surpriseD delightB withinB addedB backD over1 3 A betw

8、eenC toward14.A nansferredD enmisredD insideC introducedC around15 A out16JA discovered17.A betrayedB provedB wrongedC insisrtdC fooledD rcmcniberedD mockedIS A forcedB TVillingC hesiuntD entided19 A En contrast2O.A inflexibleB As a resultB incapableC On the uholtC unreli ableD For insaneeD unsmtibl

9、eSection II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart ADirections:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each textERby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWI HEET.(40 poi nts)Text 1Amongthe annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probablygo unmen ti oned i

10、n the n ext preside ntial campaig n: What happe ns whe n therobots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibilityentirely. About half of U.S. jobs areat high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with themiddle class disproportio nately squeezed. Lower- in come jobs

11、like garde ning orday care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupati on s-truck ing, financial advice, software engin eeri nghavearoused their in terest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval

12、hasbenefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Ludditeswhose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised livingstandards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation shouldeventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driv

13、ing down prices, and freeworkers from hard, boring work. But in the mediumterm, middle-class workers mayneed a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The SecondMachine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums fromgrammarschool t

14、o college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and moreon creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better jobof fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Onlineeducation can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extr

15、a training andinstruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do sowithout going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. torevive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of

16、 drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed thetransition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3Dprinters and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the newcompanies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the ga

17、p between capital incomeand labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax creditshould be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companiesfor job creation, and reduce ineq

18、uality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended byautomation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. Butpolicies to help workers adapt will be indispensa

19、ble.2 L Who willbemostthreatened byautomationQ一Leadingpoliticims.Low-wag& laborers.ABCjRobot DNlid(ile-clas xvorkers.22 XVhkh of th following best represent the author s亡匸恰“川A Worries about auwmaxion are in fact groundless.BjOptimists apinio 5 onnew tech fintHitdt support.口Issues arisin from automat

20、ion netdto be tackledC呂DjNegative consequences of new tech canbeavoided23. EdTica.ti&nin the age of automaticii should put more enipkasis on A creative potential.Bjjcb-hunting skills-C in dividual needs.D cocpera.tivespiril_24. Tiii author suggeststhattax policies be limed atA encouraging thedevelop

21、mentcfautematonE Jin creasing lhe rerum on capital invesnnenr.C easing the hostiliry betw een rich andpoci.D prevennng incomie gap from widening.25 Inriiiig to the lastparagraph,the real worry arisingfrom deal isA the vicious rivals among big phannasB the ineffectiA-e enforcement of privacy law.C un

22、controlled use of nswsofhvareB the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35 TTie authors attitude tow aid application afAI to healthcareisrA ambiguous.B canti.oils.C appreciativeD contcmpiuaus.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a netloss of $5.6 billion for fi

23、scal 2021, the 10th straight year its expe nses have exceededreve nue. Mean while, it has more tha n $120 billi on in unfunded liabilities, mostly foremployee health and retirement costs. There are many ban kruptcies. Fun damentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze betwee n tech no logical cha nge

24、 that hasperma nen tly decreaseddema nd for its bread-a nd-butter product, first-classregulatory structure that denies managementthe flexibilityoperati ons to the new realitymail, and ato adjust itsAnd in terest groups ranging from postal unions to greeti ng-card makers exertself-interested pressure

25、 on the USPS s ultimate overseer-C on gress-i nsist ing thatwhatever else happe ns to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they dependon get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed inrecent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except b

26、y deferringvital modernization.Nowcomes word that everyone involved-Democrats, Republicans, thePostal Service, the unions and the systems heaviest users has finally agreed ona plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would saveUSPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five yea

27、rs, which could help pay for newvehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the moneywould comefrom apenny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees intoMedicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, th

28、us addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPSand its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Sen ate -where some one is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimumnecessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. Ther

29、es nochange to collective bargaining at the USPS,a major omission considering thatpersonnel accounts for 80 percent of the agencys costs. Also missing is anydiscussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense changeenjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per y

30、ear. But postalspecial-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emergingconsensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about apolitically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.It is not, however, a signthat theyre getting serious about tr

31、ansforming the postal system for the 21stcentury.36 The financial problemuith theUSPS is caused paitiy byA , its unbalanced budget.B .its rigid management.C .th cost for technical upgrading.亡D . the ididrawal of bank support.37 . Accordingto Pira lraph 2. USPS failsto modernizeitselfdue to呂A , the L

32、uterfeence frcwn interest groups.B .the inadequate fimding fromCongress.C the shrinkingdemand, forpostal service.D rhe in compete e ofpostalunioas.D匚3 S Thelong-standing complaint by theUSPS andits Brionscan beaddressed byA .removing its burden of retiree health care.B .makingniore investtnrit in ne

33、w vehities.C .adopting am hanism.芒亡D . attracting more fim-class mail users.33 In last paragraph, avithor seemsro viewlegishws withA respect.B lokraiice.C disc antem_D gratitude.40 5Vhkhof the fall owing would bethebest till for die t亡亡？A The USTS Starts to MissItsGood Old Day&B ThePostal Semce: Kee

34、p AP.-ay fromMyCheeseC TheUSPS: ChronicHines5 Requires a Quick D Hie Postal Sendee Needs More than a Bari-AidPart BDirections:The follow ing paragraphs are give n in a wrong order. For Questi ons41-45, you are required to reorga nize these paragraphs into a cohere nt article bychoos ing from the lis

35、t A-G and filli ng them into the nu mbered boxes. Paragraphs Cand F have bee n correctly placed. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. I n December of 1869, Con gress appo in ted a commissi on to select a siteand prepare pla ns and cost estimates for a new State Departme nt Buildi ng. Th

36、ecommissi on was also to con sider possible arran geme nts for the War and NavyDepartme nts. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of theTreasury Building to be erected on the other side ofthe White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullettwas selecte

37、d, and construction of a building to house all three departments began inJune of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Departments south wing was the first to beoccupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), DiplomaticReception Room, and Secretarys office decorated with carved woo

38、d, Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879,where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the officeof the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed thethree Executive Branch

39、Departments most intimately associated with formulating andconducting the nations foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century andthe first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emergedas an international power. The building has housed some of the nations

40、 mostsignificant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of manyhistoric events.D. Manyof the most celebrated national figures have participated in historicalevents that have taken place within the EEOBs granite walls. Theodore and FranklinD. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenh

41、ower, Lyndon B. Johnson,Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becomingpresident. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japaneseemissaries met here with Secretar

42、y of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of PearlHarbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commandsa uniqueposition in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the UnitedStates. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it wasbuilt from

43、 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and NavyDepartments, and is considered one ofthe best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. Whenthe EEOB was finished, it was the largest office

44、 building in Washington, with nearly 2miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast ironor plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumentalcurving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters arecapped

45、 by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOBbegan long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires(including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to theconstruc

46、tion of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the NorthWing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Departmentbuilding.【答案】41. (E) C 42. (G) 43. (A) F 44. (B) 45. (D)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined

47、segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Shakespeares life time wascoincident with a period of extraordinary activityand achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessingthe passing of the religious drama, and the creat

48、ion of new forms under the incentiveof classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written byscholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in westernEurope, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to makethedrama popular, whether i

49、t should be newor old, classical or medieval, literary orfarcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were allrivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boywho went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of lit

50、eraturewhich gave glory to Greece and Romeand might yet bring honor to England.WhenShakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built inLondon. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming atliterary distinction were written for school or court, or

51、for the choir boys of St. Paul sand the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) butthe professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and universitymenwith literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering ameansof livelihood. By t

52、he time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, andGreene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written atragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumphon the commonstage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.(49

53、) A native literarydrama had been created,its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its greattraditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is ofexceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief

54、period we may tracethe beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of manygreat careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as wellas by the number of dramatists writing at the sametime for this London of twohundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize

55、 how great was the dramatic activity, wemust remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there isno author of note whose entire work has survived.46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them

56、 to attend thegraduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevantinformation about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDonot use your ownnameat the end of the email. UseLi Minginstead. (10points)Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this

57、 letter in order to invite you to attend the forthcoming graduationceremony.The ceremony will be hosted in the auditorium on our campus, at 10 oclock inthe morning on next Monday, January 15. It is advisable for you to dress formal.Please let us know your decision as soon as possible so that we could send youfurther