1、考研英語模擬試題及答案考研英語模擬試題及答案14/14考研英語模擬試題及答案精選文檔2018考研英語模擬試題一及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesoundingyes!1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itt

2、urnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipantssusceptibi

3、litytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugs

4、hadlesssevere12.Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthatsusually14withstress,notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtot

5、hereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalledthebondinghormone18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.1AUnlikeBBe

6、sidesCDespiteDThroughout2AconnectedBrestrictedCequalDinferior3AchoiceBviewClessonDhost4ArecallBforgetCavoidDkeep5AcollectingBinvolvingCguidingDaffecting6AofBinCatDon7AdevotedBexposedClostDattracted8AacrossBalongCdownDout9AcalculatedBdeniedCdoubtedDimagined.精選文檔10AservedBrequiredCrestoredDexplained11

7、AEvenBStillCRatherDThus12AdefeatsBsymptomsCtestsDerrors13AminimizedBhighlightedCcontrolledDincreased14AequippedBassociatedCpresentedDcompared15AassessBmoderateCgenerateDrecord16AinthefaceofBintheformofCinthewayofDinthenameof17AtransferBcommitCattributeDreturn18AbecauseBunlessCthoughDuntil19AemergesB

8、vanishesCremainsDdecreases20AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluencesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesar

9、erecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.itshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericanseconomicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorsw

10、ereabletosneakweaponsbothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicagosOHareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegove

11、rnmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshave.精選文檔onlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethi

12、s.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck

13、.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreChecksfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinanc

14、ePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedtoAstresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.Bhighlightthen

15、ecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.CexplainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.Demphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?ANewrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.BThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.DFrequentunexpecte

16、dsecretchecks.23.Thewordexpedited(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningtofaster.quieter.wider.cheaper.24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis.精選文檔Adramaticreductionofitsscale.Itswrongly-directedimplementation.Thegovernmentsreluctancetobackit.Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebest

17、titleforthetext?ALessScreeningforMoreSafetyBPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionCGettingStuckinSecurityLinesDUnderusedPreCheckLanesText2TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaiislastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwith

18、astronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanitysviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMTsplannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMauna

19、Keaisalsohometosomeoftheworldsmostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKeaspeakrisesabovethebulkofourplanetsdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongvi

20、ewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMa

21、unaKeasfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislandsinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoH

22、awaiisshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweri

23、ngaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMT.精選文檔sitewaschosentominimizethetelescopesvisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemoveda

24、ttheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.QueenLiliuokalanisremarkinParagraph1indicatesAitsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.BtheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiians

25、ociety.Ctheregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.Dherappreciationofstarwatchersfeatsinhertime.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsiteduetoAitsgeographicalfeaturesBitsprotectivesurroundings.Citsreligiousimplications.Ditsexistinginfrastructure.28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocals

26、partlybecauseAitmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.Ctheirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.DtheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintodaysastronomyAisfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.BhelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrossthewor

27、ld.CmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.DwilleventuallysoftenHawaiianshostility.精選文檔30.TheauthorsattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneofseverecriticism.passiveacceptance.slighthesitancy.fullapproval.Text3RobertF.KennedyoncesaidthatacountrysGDPmeasureseverythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifewort

28、hwhile.WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymost

29、recentmeasures,theUKsGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountryseconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowth

30、intowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeas

31、uredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisis

32、ntthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountryssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasrefe

33、rringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoapersonssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUK

34、couldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.精選文檔ApraisedtheUKforitsGDP.BidentifiedGDPwithhappiness.CmisinterpretedtheroleofG

35、DP.DhadalowopinionofGDP.32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatAtheUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.CtheUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.DpolicymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?AItis

36、sponsoredby163countries.BItexcludesGDPasanindicator.CItscriteriaarequestionable.DItsresultsareenlightening.34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhatAtheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.BhighGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.Ditrequirescautiontohandleeconomi

37、cissues.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?AHighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonBGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthCRebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP.精選文檔DBrexit,theUKsGatewaytoWell-beingText4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVi

38、rginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.ThehighcourtsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnellstrialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathisofficialacts,orthefo

39、rmergovernorsdecisionsonspecificandunsettledissuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsisdistastefulandnasty.Butunderanti-br

40、iberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotanofficialact.Thecourtsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticprobl

41、emswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequ

42、alityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,a

43、ndinformationabouteachelectedleaderssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety-thatalla

44、reequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.Theunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourtAavoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnellsdutie

45、s.BmadenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.CwascontemptuousofMcDonnellsconduct.DrefusedtocommentonMcDonnellsethics.精選文檔AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolvesAleakingsecretsintentionally.Bsizablegainsintheformofgifts.Cconcretereturnsforgift-givers.Dbreakingcontractsoffici

46、ally.Thecourtsrulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsarejustifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyarenee

47、dedtoAawakentheconscienceofofficials.Bguaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.Callowforcertainkindsoflobbying.Dinspirehopesinaveragepeople.TheauthorsattitudetowardthecourtsrulingisAsarcastic.Btolerant.Cskeptical.supportivePartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youare

48、requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points).精選文檔AThefirstpublishedsketch,ADinneratPoplarWalkbroughttearstoDickensseyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMon

49、thlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepennameBozinTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.BTherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickenssfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigu

50、re.CSoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymourspicturesillustratehisownstory

51、instead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPaperso

52、fthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.DCharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsoc

53、iety.ESoonafterhisfathersreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporterseyefortranscribingthelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsk

54、etchestoobscuremagazines.FDickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEnglandssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-arespectableposition,butwishlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Di

55、ckensmothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDickensbirth,hismothersfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.ThefamilysincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarrensBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimastheyoungg

56、entleman.Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.ThehumiliationsofhisfathersimprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickensgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerw

57、orld.InOliverTwist,etracesanorphansprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDichensasanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.D4.B45.精選文檔【答案】FD

58、ickenswasborninPortsmouthESoonafterhisfathersreleasefromprisonAThefirstpublishedsketchCSoonafterSketchesbyBozappearedGAfterPickwick,DickensplungedintoableakerworldPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheAN

59、SWERSHEET.(10points)ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworldsprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.Complexinternatio

60、nal,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol(47)Hisanalys