1、英語語法專業(yè)術(shù)語語法grammar句法syntax詞法morphology構(gòu)造structure層次rank句子sentence從句clause詞組phrase詞類partofspeech單詞word實(shí)詞notionalword虛詞structuralword名詞noun專出名詞propernoun可數(shù)名詞countablenoun不行數(shù)名詞uncountableno抽象名詞abstractnoun詳細(xì)名詞concretenoun物質(zhì)名詞materialnoun集體名詞collectivenoun1/16個(gè)體名詞individualnoun介詞preposition連詞conjunction動(dòng)

2、詞verb主動(dòng)詞mainverb及物動(dòng)詞transitiveverb不及物動(dòng)詞intransitiveverb系動(dòng)詞linkverb助動(dòng)詞auxiliaryverb神態(tài)動(dòng)詞modalverb規(guī)則動(dòng)詞regularverb不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞irregularverb短語動(dòng)詞phrasalverb限制動(dòng)詞finiteverb非限制動(dòng)詞infiniteverb使役動(dòng)詞causativeverb感官動(dòng)詞verbofsenses動(dòng)向動(dòng)詞eventverb靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞stateverb嘆息詞exclamation形容詞adjective2/16副詞adverb方式副詞adverbofmanner程度副詞adverbo

3、fdegree時(shí)間副詞adverboftime地址副詞adverbofplace修飾性副詞adjunct連結(jié)性副詞conjunct疑問副詞interrogativeadverb關(guān)系副詞relativeadverb代詞pronoun人稱代詞personalpronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun反身代詞reflexivepronoun互相代詞reciprocalpronoun指示代詞demonstrativepronoun疑問代詞interrogativepronoun關(guān)系代詞relativepronoun不定代詞indefinite物主代詞possessivepronoun名詞

4、性物主代詞nominalpossessive形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossessivepronoun3/16冠詞article定冠詞definitearticle不定冠詞indefinitearticle數(shù)詞numeral基數(shù)詞cardinalnumeral序數(shù)詞ordinalnumeral分?jǐn)?shù)詞fractionalnumeral形式form單數(shù)形式singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式pluralform限制動(dòng)詞finiteverbform非限制動(dòng)詞non-finiteverbform原形baseform從句clause附屬句subordinateclause并列句coordinat

5、eclause名詞從句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause4/16同位語從句appositiveclause時(shí)間狀語從句adverbialclauseoftime地址狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner退步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession原由狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結(jié)果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語

6、從句adverbialclauseofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真切條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真切條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition委婉條件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition錯(cuò)綜條件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence簡(jiǎn)單句simplesentence陳說句declarativesentence疑問句interrogativesentence一般疑問句generalques

7、tion特別疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附帶疑問句tagquestion5/16反義疑問句disjunctivequestion修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion嘆息疑問句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence一定句positivesentence否認(rèn)句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence嘆息句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分membersof

8、sentences主語subject謂語predicate賓語object雙賓語dualobject直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject同源賓語cognateobject表語predicative定語attribute同位語appositive6/16狀語adverbial句法關(guān)系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate附屬subordination修飾modification前置修飾pre-modification后置修飾post-modification限制restriction兩重限制double-restriction非限制no

9、n-restrictionnumber單數(shù)形式singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式pluralform規(guī)則形式regularform不規(guī)則形式irregularformcase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase賓格objectivecasegender陽性masculine7/16陰性feminine中性neuter人稱person第一人稱firstperson第二人稱secondperson第三人稱thirdperson時(shí)態(tài)tense過去未來時(shí)pastfuturetense過去未來進(jìn)行時(shí)pastfuturecontinuoustense過去未來達(dá)成時(shí)pastfut

10、ureperfecttense一般此刻時(shí)presentsimpletense一般過去時(shí)pastsimpletense一般未來時(shí)futuresimpletense此刻達(dá)成時(shí)pastperfecttense過去達(dá)成時(shí)presentperfecttense未來達(dá)成時(shí)futureperfecttense此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)presentcontinuoustense過去進(jìn)行時(shí)pastcontinuoustense未來進(jìn)行時(shí)futurecontinuoustense過去未來進(jìn)行時(shí)pastfuturecontinuoustense此刻達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)presentperfectcontinuoustense8/16過去達(dá)

11、成進(jìn)行時(shí)pastperfectcontinuoustense語態(tài)voice主動(dòng)語態(tài)activevoice被動(dòng)語態(tài)passivevoice語氣mood陳說語氣indicativemood祈使語氣imperativemood虛構(gòu)語氣subjunctivemood否認(rèn)negation否認(rèn)范圍scopeofnegation所有否認(rèn)fullnegation局部否認(rèn)partialnegation轉(zhuǎn)移否認(rèn)shiftofnegation語序order自然語序naturalorder倒裝語序inversion所有倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion直接引語directspeec

12、h間接引語indirectspeech自由直接引語freedirectspeech9/16自由間接引語freeindirectspeech一致agreement主謂一致subject-predicateagreement語法一致grammaticalagreement觀點(diǎn)一致notionalagreement就近原則principleofproximity重申emphasis重復(fù)repetition語音pronunciation語調(diào)tone升調(diào)risingtone降調(diào)fallingtone降升調(diào)falling-risingtone文體style正式文體formal非正式文體informal口語

13、spoken/oralEnglish套語formulisticexpression英國(guó)英語BritishEnglish美國(guó)英語AmericanEnglish用法usage10/16negativeinterrogativesentenceimperativesentencesindefinitecaseimperativemood感情色彩emotionalcoloring貶義derogatory風(fēng)趣humorous嘲諷sarcastic奚落ironic動(dòng)名詞gerund連字號(hào)hyphen祈使語氣祈使句獨(dú)立成分主句indicativemood物質(zhì)名詞materialnouns句子的成分membe

14、rsofthesentence神態(tài)動(dòng)詞modalverbs語氣mood詞法morphology否認(rèn)疑問句動(dòng)詞的非限制形式non-finiteformsoftheverb非限制性定語從句non-restrictiveattributiveclauses括號(hào)brackets名詞的分類classificationofnouns11/16從句（分句）clauses同源賓語cognateobject集體名詞collectivenouns冒號(hào)colon錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句conditionalsentencesofmixedtime連詞conjunction連結(jié)副詞conjunctiveadverbs連結(jié)代詞c

15、onjunctivepronouns轉(zhuǎn)變conversion并列連詞co-coordinatingconjunctions可數(shù)名詞countablenouns破折號(hào)dash陳說句declarativesentences定冠詞definitearticle指示代詞demonstrativepronouns派生（詞綴法）derivation(affixation)描述性定語descriptiveattributes呼語directaddress直接賓語directobject直接引語directspeech反意問句disjunctivequestions12/16省略ellipsis省略句elli

16、pticalsentences嘆息號(hào)exclamationmark嘆息句exclamatorysentences動(dòng)詞的限制形式finiteformsoftheverb虛詞formwords分?jǐn)?shù)詞fractionalnumerals完整倒裝fullinversion未來進(jìn)行時(shí)futurecontinuous一般未來時(shí)futureindefinite未來達(dá)成時(shí)futureperfect未來達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)futureperfectcontinuous獨(dú)立構(gòu)造absoluteconstructions物主代詞的絕對(duì)形式absoluteformsofpossessivepronouns抽象名詞abstrac

17、tnouns主動(dòng)語態(tài)activevoice方式狀語從句adverbialclausesofmanner地址狀語從句adverbialclausesofplace目的狀語從句adverbialclausesofpurpose時(shí)間狀語從句adverbialclausesoftime程度副詞adverbsofdegree13/16personalpronouns頻度副詞adverbsoffrequency方式副詞adverbsofmanner地址副詞adverbsofplace時(shí)間副詞adverbsoftime選擇問句alternativequestions句子剖析analysisofsentenc

18、es省略號(hào)apostrophe同謂語appositive同位語從句appositiveclauses助動(dòng)詞auxiliaryverbs插入語parenthesis部分倒裝partialinversion分詞短語participialphrases分詞participle小品詞particle詞類partsofspeech過去式pastforms過去分詞pastparticiple句號(hào)period(fullstop)人稱person人稱代詞14/16成語動(dòng)詞phrasalverbs謂語predicate表語predicative表語從句predicativeclauses前綴prefix(es)介詞短語prepositionalphrases此刻式presentforms此刻分詞presentparticiple動(dòng)詞的主要形式principalformsofverbs專出名詞propernouns標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)punctuation問號(hào)questionmark引號(hào)quotationmark互相代詞reciprocalpronouns不定代詞indefinitePronouns關(guān)系副詞relativeadverbs關(guān)系代詞relativepronouns限制性定語從句restrictiveattributiveclauses自己代詞selfpronouns分號(hào)s