1、111111園藝專業(yè)英語翻譯（中英）Lesson1partA1protected(structure)horticultureisdefinedasacultivationmethodtakinguseofheat keeping,chillingpreventionorcoolingandrainprooffacilitiestopreventthecrops production from being influenced or seriously done by natural seasons and to artificially create a microclimate envir

2、onment suitable for growing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the crop development .it also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcing culture .because of the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their growing in open fi

3、eld.2Windbreak、coldframehot-frameplastic-cladtunnelandgreenhousecouldprovide avarietyofvegetableseedingforopenfieldorprotectedcultureorprotectseeding of cold tolerant vegetable living through the winter ,for early planting and acquirement of early mature products.3、 In respect of structure type, the

4、 largest horticultural structure area in our country consists of plastic tunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become the dominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse or multi-span house has been initiated.Lesso

5、n2 part A4Inhorticulturalcropcultivationunderstructurethekeypointofenvironmentmanagement for growers is tocreate optimal complex of environmental conditions for and development, as possibly as they can, according to properties and demand of crop.Lesson3part Lesson4part1most soil amendments are consi

6、sted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition specific nutritional elements and ph adjustment2222222thesoilisanimportantconstituteofthelandloamysoilmustconsistofsoulparticles with proper ratio ,with equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerable moisture

7、Lesson5part Lesson6part1sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,for example photosynthesisnoticeablydecreasewhenpotatotubersareremovedduringtheirgrowth short-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuouseffects,sometimewhenthesource

8、-sinkratioincreasessignificantly,some oldleavescanrenewtheirphotosynthesisfunctions,ontheotherhand,rapidlygrowing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobilizable nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.2Itisnotclearyetthathowthesinkdemandaffectphotosyn

9、thesisofleaves.thesimplest explanation is that photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesishowever trials for examining this hypothesis usually obtained the oppositeresults .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly not accumulate beside chloroplastsinmesophyllcells.thus,morere

10、searchworkshouldbedoneonsource-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural cropsLesson7partA1、thedevelopmentofhorticulturalcropsproductorgansconsistofmaturity fullripeness and senescence stages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticultural ripeness the former meansthat in the

11、last growth stage ,mature organs become ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops for harvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are not physiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Fullripenessisthedevelopstageafterfruitmatures

12、omefruitscangetfullripeness intrees,whilesomemustripenafterseparatedfromtrees.afterfullripentheflesh333333mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stopping terminating process of living activity. In this stage, product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and co

13、mpletely leaves their economical value in the endLesson8partA1hormoneproducedbyseedinfluencefruitsetting,fruitgrowthandthebalanceofhormones in plant2Stonefruitscannotsettheirfruitswhentheirembryosdevelopabnormally.pomefruits can set without seeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly3Gibberellinswasproduceda

14、fterpollinationwithseeddevelopmentgibberellinspromotes synthesisofauxintherefore,promotesfruitsetting.thefruitsetandfruitgrowth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those has seed4 、 Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation an

15、d resultinalternatefruiting.alternatefruitingisnotnormal inpearandmanystone fruits .it is because the early occurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which not concurrent with flower differentiation initiation.Lesson13partA1 、 pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and t

16、he thinning cutsofbranchesfor goodframework,forregulatingcontradictionbetweengrowthand fruiting ,for maintaining the equilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality2 、 the pruning

17、 methods are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species and cultivars ,the climate the soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful to combine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc44444

18、43 、 Reinvigoration of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit from stimulatingexcessivesprouts.removedeadbranches,sproutsandsomecrossingshoots. Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and improve distribution of sunlight in order to simulate fruiting.Lesson15partA1temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processes of all plant species2Temperatureregulatestherateofchemicalreactions,leadingtotheadjustmentofgrowth rate.3、 As