1、實際問題解決 Practical Problem Solving (PPS)實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingProblems are the seeds for improvement! 問題是改進的種子!Problems are positive opportunities! 問題是預示發(fā)展的良好的機遇!If there are no problems, than something is wrong! 如果沒有問題，那一定有環(huán)節(jié)出錯了!Growing 成長實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingProblems are not about

2、 blaming people! 問題并不意味著指責!Problems occur because of failures in the system 出現(xiàn)問題是由于系統(tǒng)中存在缺陷。.實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingWhat is a problem? 什么是問題？A problem is defined as a discrepancy between an existing standard or expectation and the actual situation. 所謂問題是指實際情況與現(xiàn)有標準或期望之間的差距。Standard 標準Actual實際D

3、iscrepancy差距TIME時間LEVEL水平實際問題解決Practical Problem Solving123456ProblemDescription問題描述ProblemDefinition問題定義LocatePoint of Cause確定原因所在Cause Investigation調(diào)查原因Band/Aid &Long-term Countermeasure補就及長期對策Follow-Up & Check跟蹤和檢查Steps of Problem Solving 解決問題的步驟Grasp the Situation掌握情況6PoCProblem Description問題描述1

4、Problem Definition問題定義Locate Point of Cause確定原因所在2345Direct Cause直接原因Cause 原因Cause 原因Cause原因Why?為什么?Why?為什么？Why?為什么？ Why?為什么？Why?為什么？RootCause根本原因Countermeasure對策Follow -Up跟蹤CauseInvestigation調(diào)查原因Basic Cause /EffectInvestigation基本因果關系的調(diào)查5 Why Investigationto Root Cause為什么要探究根本原因?qū)嶋H問題解決Practical Probl

5、em SolvingProblem Description問題描述 - state the problem that is occurring 陳述出現(xiàn)的問題1Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingProblem Definition - Specifically define the situation 問題定義-針對具體情況對問題進行定義The Standard 標準The Deviation 偏差The Time Period 持續(xù)時間2Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解決Practical Pr

6、oblem SolvingLocate the Point of Cause確定原因所在Locate Position of Occurrence (on the vehicle/ part) 找出(車輛/部件上)出現(xiàn)問題的位置Locate Point of Cause 確定原因所在3Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingProblem Description:揟he seatbelt is an obstacle!? 問題描述：“安全帶障礙了？”Example 范例1Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解

7、決Practical Problem SolvingWhat is happening? 發(fā)生了什么？What should be happening? 應該發(fā)生什么？How long has it been happening? 這種情況持續(xù)多久了？2Problem Definition問題定義Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingLocate Point of Cause 確定原因所在3Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解決Practical Problem Solving123456can see可

8、以看見can see可以看見can see可以看見can see可以看見can not see可以看見can not see可以看見Process 4 is the point of cause!第4步是原因之所在!Observation:Go back to 4觀察：回到4START開始Grasp the Situation掌握情況實際問題解決Practical Problem Solving4Five Why Investigation to find the Root Cause運用5個為什么的調(diào)查方法來找出根本原因Why?為什么？Why?為什么？Why?為什么？Why?為什么？Why?

9、為什么？CauseInvestigation調(diào)查原因?qū)嶋H問題解決Practical Problem Solving5 Whys - Example 5個為什么-范例Mary, a Group Leader, is walking around the assembly shop and sees some bolts lying on the floor, a safety hazard. John, one of her Team Leaders comes over.Mary作為工段長在總裝車間巡視時看到一些螺母散落在地上，這是一個安全隱患。John是她手下的班組長，這時正朝她走了過來。M

10、ary揌“Hello John, do you know why these bolts are on the floor?” ”你好，John,你知不知道為什么這些螺母在地上？“ John揙“Oh, that must have been when the materials guy dropped the boxes. ”哦，那一定是送料工摔落盒子時散落的。“ Mary “Why did he drop the boxes?” “他為什么會摔落盒子？”John揟”The cart was overloaded.“ ”送料車超載了?！癕ary揇“Do you know why the car

11、t overloaded?” ”你是否知道送料車為什么超載？“實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingJohn揧“Yes, he was bringing three loads at once, because he hadnt picked up抰 the kanban the time before.” ”是的，他一次裝了三車的貨，因為在此之前他沒有拿到看板?！癕ary “Why didnt抰he pick the the kanban the time before?” ”為什么在此之前沒拿看板？“John揃“Because the Team Member did

12、nt抰 put it in the right place.” “因為班組成員未將看板放在規(guī)定的地方?！盡ary揙“Oh, O.K., thanks John, lets抯 talk to the Team Member concerned!” “噢，O.K.，謝謝 John。讓我們和有關的班組成員談一談!”John揌“Hi Jim, about the kanban card, why didnt you put it in the correct place?” ”嗨，Jim，關于看板卡，為什么你沒有放在規(guī)定的地方 ？“Jim “Because I didnt know where the

13、 correct location was! ”因為我不知道哪里是規(guī)定的位置?！皩嶋H問題解決Practical Problem Solving5 Whys - Example 5個為什么-范例1. Why did the robot stop? 為什么機器人停工了？A fuse in the robot has blown. 機器人的保險絲燒斷了。2. Why is the fuse blown? 為什么保險絲被燒斷了？Circuits overloaded. 線路過載。3. Why did the circuit overload? 為什么線路會過載？The bearings have da

14、maged one another and locked up. 軸承間相互壞損且卡住了。 4. Why have the bearings damaged on another? 為什么會出現(xiàn)軸承間相互壞損？There was insufficient lubrication in the bearings. 軸承未得到適度潤滑。CauseInvestigation調(diào)查原因?qū)嶋H問題解決Practical Problem Solving5. Why was there insufficient lubrication in the bearings? 為什么軸承未得到適度潤滑？The oil

15、pump on the robot is not circulating sufficient oil. 機器人的油泵未輸送足夠的潤滑油。6. Why is the pump not circulating sufficient oil? 為什么油泵未輸送足夠的潤滑油？Pump intake is clogged with metal shavings. 油泵的進油口被金屬屑堵塞了。7. Why is the intake clogged with metal shavings? 為什么油泵的進油口被金屬屑堵塞？No filter on the pump intake. 油泵的進油口未安裝過濾

16、器。How many squares? 幾個正方形？實際問題解決Practical Problem Solving5Implementing a Band-Aid & Countermeasure 實施補救和對策A Band-Aid is a temporary solution, to contain a problem 補救是一種臨時解決辦法，限制問題的進一步發(fā)展A Countermeasure must address the root cause!對策則必須針對問題的根本原因!實際問題解決Practical Problem Solving6Follow Up and Check 跟蹤及

17、檢查MARCH實際問題解決Practical Problem SolvingBenefits of PPS PPS的優(yōu)點A standardized problem solving process that everyone in the organization understands and can follow 提供了一個企業(yè)中每個成員都能理解并遵循的標準化問題解決程序PPS allows easier communication and allows for a quick understanding of where people are in the process PPS使成員間

18、易于交流，迅速了解人員在進程中所處的位置PPS attacks the root cause, not just the symptoms PPS針對了問題的根本原因，而不是僅僅停留在問題的表征上PPS is logical and easy to follow PPS具有邏輯性，易于遵循SOS 標準化操作單 Design 設計 Layout/ Workplace 布局/工作位置 Problem Statement 問題陳述:Containment Activity:補救措施：IDENTIFY 確定ANALYZE 分析PLAN 計劃EVALUATE 評估IMPLEMENT 實施Describe/ Sketch Problem:描述/或用草圖顯示問題：Identify Root Cause:確定問題的根本問題：Generate Solutions 提出解決辦法：1)2)3)4)5)Final result as compared to goal statement:最終結果與目標陳述相比較：Action