1、WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Conversation1Wow!IwouldgiveanythingtobemorelikeAudreyHepburn!M:（1）Ineverreallyunderstoodwhysomanygirlsweresuchbigfansofher.ImeanIveseenthefamousfilms,RomeHoliday,breakfastatTiffanys,andafewothers,butIstilldontfullygetit.Wasshethatgreatofanactress?Well,forme,myadorationgoesbeyondhermovies.

2、Shehadsuchaclassiceleganceabouther.Shewasalwayssopoised,inpartbecauseshespentyearstrainingasaballetdancerbeforebecominganactress.M:Whydidntshesticktodancingasacareer?W:Itseemsitwasfate.(2)Shesufferedfrominadequatenutritionduringthewar,andthereforeacareerasaprofessionaldancerwouldhavebeentoodemanding

3、onherbody.Soshefocusedonactinginstead.RomanHolidaywasherfirstbigbreakwhichmadeherastar.WasthatthefilmthatopenedwithhershoppingforjewelryinNewYorkcity,youknow,thesceneshewaswearingablackdressanddarksunglasseswithapearlnecklaceandlongblackgloves?Iseethephotoofherinthatcostumeeverywhere.W:No,thatoneisB

4、reakfastatTiffanys.Thatcostumeisoftenreferredtoasthemostfamouslittleblackdressofalltime.(3)Hercharacterinthatfilmisveryoutgoingandcharming,eventhoughinreallifeAudreyalwaysdescribedherselfasshyandquiet.M:Sowhatdidshedoafterheractingcareer?W:(4)Shededicatedmuchofherlifetohelpingchildreninneed.Herfamil

5、yreceivedinternationalaidduringthewarwhenshewasgrowingup.Ithinkthatleftabigimpressiononher.ThatswhereIgottheideatovolunteerforchildrenscharitynextweekend.WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Illjoinyou.ImaynotbeascharmingasAudreyHepburn,butImallforsupportingagoodcause.對(duì)話(huà)1Wow,IwouldgiveanythingtobemorelikeAudreyHepburn.哇！假如我能

6、變得更像奧黛麗赫本那樣的話(huà)，不論讓我付出什么我都愿意。Ineverreallyunderstoodwhysomanygirlsweresuchbigfansofher.我真的不可以理解為何這么多女孩都那么喜愛(ài)她。ImeanIveseenthefamousfilms,RomanHoliday,BreakfastatTiffanysandafewothers,butIstilldontfullygetit.我的意思是，我看過(guò)她的好多有名電影，羅馬假日、蒂凡尼的早飯等，但我仍是沒(méi)法完整理解。Wasshethatgreatanactress?她是那么偉大的女星嗎？Well,forme,myadorat

7、iongoesbeyondhermovies.好吧，就我而言，我對(duì)她的喜愛(ài)不只是限于其電影。Shehassuchaclassiceleganceabouther.她有一種可謂經(jīng)典的優(yōu)雅。Shewasalwayssopoised.她老是那么文雅。Inpart,becauseshespentyearstrainingasaballetdancerbeforebecominganactress.部分原由是她在成為演員以前有數(shù)年時(shí)間都在接受芭蕾舞訓(xùn)練。Whydidntshesticktodancingasacareer?為何她沒(méi)有將跳舞作為職業(yè)呢？Itseemsitwasfate.也許是因?yàn)槊\(yùn)吧。S

8、hesufferedfrominadequatenutritionduringthewar,andthereforeacareerasaprofessionaldancerwouldWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-havebeentoodemandingonherbody.她在戰(zhàn)時(shí)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，假如做職業(yè)舞者的話(huà)，對(duì)她身體的要求就特別高。Soshefocusedonactinginstead.所以她就專(zhuān)注于演戲。RomanHolidaywasherfirstbigbreak,whichmadeherstar.羅馬假日是她的第一部爆款，她所以成為明星。Wasthatthefilmthatopenedwithh

9、ershoppingforjewelryinNewYorkCity?那部電影的開(kāi)頭能否是她在紐約買(mǎi)珠寶？Youknow,thesceneshewaswearingablackdressanddarksunglasseswithapearlnecklaceandlongblackgloves.在那幕里，她衣著黑裙，戴著黑色太陽(yáng)鏡和珍珠項(xiàng)鏈，還有一副長(zhǎng)的黑手套。Iseethephotoofherinthatcostumeeverywhere.我在任何地方都能夠看到她衣著那身衣服的照片。No,thatwasBreakfastatTiffanys.不是的，那是在蒂凡尼的早飯。Thatcostumeis

10、oftenreferredtoasthemostfamouslittleblackdressofalltime.那身衣服常常被以為是最有名的小黑裙。Hercharacterinthatfilmisveryoutgoingandcharming,eventhoughinreallife,Audreyalwaysdescribedherselfasshyandquiet.她在那部電影里特別外向，充滿(mǎn)魅力，可是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，赫本向來(lái)稱(chēng)自己是一個(gè)害羞和寂靜的人。So,whatdidshedoafterheractingcareer?所以她在演藝生涯結(jié)束后做了什么？Woman:Shededicatedm

11、uchofherlifetohelpingchildreninneed.她將大部分時(shí)間致力于幫助貧窮少兒。HerfamilyreceivedinternationalaidduringthewarWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-whenshewasgrowingup.在她的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，她的家庭在戰(zhàn)亂時(shí)接受了國(guó)際救助。Ithinkthatleftherbigimpressiononher.我感覺(jué)這給她留下了很深的印象。ThatswhereIgottheideatovolunteerforchildrenscharitynextweekend.所以我決定下周末為少兒慈善機(jī)構(gòu)做志愿服務(wù)。Illjoinyou.

12、我想和你一同去。ImaynotbeascharmingasAudreyHepburn,butImallforsupportingagoodcause.我可能不像赫本那樣有魅力，可是我完整支持做善事。Whatdoesthemansayheneverreallyunderstood?這位男士說(shuō)他永久理解不了什么？WhatpreventedAudreyHepburnfrombecomingaprofessionaldancer?赫本未能成為職業(yè)舞者的原由是什么？WhatdowelearnaboutAudreyHepburninreallife?我們能從赫本的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中知道什么？WhydidAudre

13、yHepburndevotemuchofherlifetocharityafterheractingcareer?為何赫本在演藝生涯事后致力于慈善事業(yè)？Conversation2對(duì)話(huà)2Sohowisourpresentationaboutthereconstructuringofthecompanycomingalong?對(duì)于企業(yè)構(gòu)造調(diào)整的演示此刻做得怎么樣了？Fine,Iamputtingthefinishingtouchestoitnow,butwewillhavetobepreparedforquestions.此刻已經(jīng)快要靠近達(dá)成了，可是我們要準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)付發(fā)問(wèn)。WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Yes

14、,thereisalreadyafeelingthatthisisatop-downchange,wereallyneedtogeteveryoneonboard.是的，職工們已經(jīng)感覺(jué)到這是一個(gè)至上而下的改變，我們確實(shí)需要讓大家都贊同。Well,theresbeenanextensiveconsultationperiod.可是已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)一段磋商期了。Iknow,butthereisalwaysthefeelingthatifitisntbroken,dontfixit.我知道，可是總有人感覺(jué)假如沒(méi)有完整破碎的話(huà)，其實(shí)不需要解決。Peopleareworriedabouttheirjobsto

15、o.Ithinkweneedtoaddressthatwhiletherewillbesomejobchanges,therewontbeanyonegettingdismissed.Infact,wearelookingtotakeonmorestaff.人們也擔(dān)憂(yōu)自己的工作。我感覺(jué)我們需要說(shuō)明，只管會(huì)有一些崗位調(diào)整，可是沒(méi)有人會(huì)被辭退。事實(shí)上我們要招聘更多的職工。Agreed.Youcanhardlyblamepeopleforworrying,though.是的，可是真的不可以責(zé)備人們的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。Weneedtomakeitclearthatitsnotjustchangeforchange

16、ssake.我們需要說(shuō)明，這其實(shí)不是為了調(diào)整而調(diào)整。Inotherwords,wereallymustmakethecaseforwhywearedoingit.So,whatstheoutlineofthepresentation?也就是說(shuō)，我們確實(shí)一定解說(shuō)清楚，我們?yōu)楹芜@么做。所以，這個(gè)演示的綱領(lǐng)是如何的？Illstartwiththebriefreviewofthereasonsforthechangethatwereallyneedtomakeacleanbreaktorestartgrowth.開(kāi)頭我會(huì)簡(jiǎn)潔地回首一下調(diào)整的原由，我們真的需要采納舉措再次實(shí)現(xiàn)增添。Afterthat,I

17、lloutlinethenewcompanysstructuresWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-andwhoisgoingwhere.而后我會(huì)大概講一下新企業(yè)的架構(gòu)以及每一個(gè)人的崗位。Thenwewillhanditovertoyoutodiscussthetimelineandsummarizeandwelltakequestionstogetherattheend.Anythingelse?而后你來(lái)議論一下時(shí)間安排，進(jìn)行總結(jié)，最后一同回答下列問(wèn)題。還有其余事情嗎？Oh,yeah.Weshouldletthestaffknowthechannelsofcommunication,youknow,wh

18、otheycancontactordirectquestionstoaboutthesechanges.好的。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓職工知道交流的渠道，他們能夠聯(lián)系誰(shuí)，咨詢(xún)誰(shuí)對(duì)于這些調(diào)整的問(wèn)題。Yes,andwecancollectsomefrequentlyaskedquestionsandpresentsomegeneralanswers.是的，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采集一些常常被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題，準(zhǔn)備一些往常的答案。Andwewillmakethepresentationandquestionsavailableviathecompanysowncomputernetwork,right?我們需要把演示和問(wèn)題傳到企業(yè)內(nèi)

19、部的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，是吧？Yes,wellmakeapageonthenetworkwherestaffcandownloadallthedetails.是的，我們能夠在網(wǎng)站上建一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，職工們能夠下載這些細(xì)節(jié)。Alright,perhapsweshoulddoapracticerunofthepresentationfirst.好的，也許我們應(yīng)當(dāng)先練習(xí)一下演示過(guò)程。Youbet.自然。Whatisthemangoingtodo?這位男士將要做什么？Whatdoesthemansayabouttherestructuring?這位男士就企業(yè)重組發(fā)布了什么見(jiàn)解？WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Whatwillthe

20、manexplainfirst?這位男士第一要解說(shuō)什么？Howcanthestafflearnmoreaboutthecompanysrestructuring?職工如何認(rèn)識(shí)更多對(duì)于企業(yè)重組的信息？Passage1短文1Airlinepassengershavetodealwithalotthesedays,gettingbumpedfromflightsandlosingluggageontopofthegenerallineanxietythatnervouspassengersalwaysfeel.AttheCincinnatinorthernKentuckyinternationala

21、irport,miniaturehorsesdeliveracalmingforcetwotimesamonth.DenverandRubyaretwoofthethirty-fourththerapyhorsesbroughtinfromalocalfarm.Theycanusuallybefoundintheticketcounterareainteractingwithtravelers.Morethanthirtyairportsacrossthecountrynowhavetherapydogs.SanFranciscohasatherapypig.SanJose,Californi

22、a,beganadogprogramaftertheterroristattacksofSeptembertheeleventh.Sinceitsbeginning,theprogramhasnowgrownandhastwenty-onetherapydogsandatherapycat.Theanimalsdontgetstartled.Theyhavehadhundredsofhoursofairporttraining,sotheyareusedtohavingluggageandpeoplecrowdingaroundthem.Theseprofessionalanimalsarep

23、robablybetteratfindingtheirwayintheairportsthanthemostfrequentoftravelers.Thepassengersoftensaythatseeinganimalsmakesthemfeelmuchbetterandhelpsthemtocalmdownbeforeaflight.Thislittlebitofsupportcansometimesmakeabigdifference.Somepassengersenjoytheanimalssomuchthattheycalltheairporttoscheduleflightsar

24、oundtheirvisits.VisitstonursinghomesandschoolsarealsoaregularpartWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-ofthehorsesschedule.Theirownerisalreadyworkingonanewideaforatherapyanimaldonkeys.此刻飛機(jī)乘客要辦理好多事情，飛機(jī)上的碰撞和丟掉行李處于緊張乘客老是會(huì)感覺(jué)的憂(yōu)慮前列。在辛辛那提北肯塔基國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)，小型馬每個(gè)月供給兩次沉靜治療。丹佛和魯比是三十四只治療馬中的兩只，來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)場(chǎng)。它們常常在售票區(qū)和游客們互動(dòng)。全美有超出三十個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)都有治療用的狗。舊金山有一只治療用的豬。圣

25、何塞和加利福尼亞在911恐懼侵襲以后就開(kāi)始狗狗治療項(xiàng)目。自從開(kāi)始，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)不停壯大，此刻有21只治療狗和一只治療貓。這些動(dòng)物不會(huì)遇到驚嚇。它們已進(jìn)行數(shù)百小時(shí)的機(jī)場(chǎng)訓(xùn)練，所以它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了四周的行李和人群。這些職業(yè)動(dòng)物可能比其余游客更簡(jiǎn)單在機(jī)場(chǎng)里面找路。游客們常常說(shuō)，看到動(dòng)物會(huì)讓他們的感覺(jué)更好，幫助他們?cè)谧w機(jī)前沉靜下來(lái)。這些小的支擁有時(shí)能產(chǎn)生很大的影響。有些乘客特別喜愛(ài)這些動(dòng)物，所以他們會(huì)讓機(jī)場(chǎng)把航班安排在有動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)的前后。去休養(yǎng)院和學(xué)校也是馬的日程里面慣例的部分。他們的主人已經(jīng)在研究新的想法，讓驢子做治療動(dòng)物。WhatisspecialabouttheCincinnatinorthern

26、Kentuckyinternationalairport?辛辛那提北肯塔基國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)有什么特別之處？Whatarethetrainedanimalsprobablycapableofdoinginanairport?經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練的動(dòng)物能夠在機(jī)場(chǎng)里面做什么？Whatdosomepassengerstrytodo?有些乘客試著做什么？Passage2短文2Hello,viewers.各位觀(guān)光者好！TodayImstandingatatwo-thousand-year-oldWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Roman-erasite.我們此刻站在有著兩千年歷史的羅馬時(shí)期舊址上。Herethebrightlycolo

27、redscenesthatoncedecoratedamansionarebeingdugup.這些顏色光亮的情景以前裝修過(guò)一棟別墅，此刻正在發(fā)掘出來(lái)。ThesescenesareturningupinthesouthernFrenchcityofOral,surprisingthehistorianswhohavebeenworkingheresincetwothousandfourteen,這些情景都出此刻法國(guó)南部城市歐樂(lè)，這令歷史學(xué)家們感覺(jué)詫異，他們從2014年開(kāi)始向來(lái)在這里工作，patchesofpaintstillclingingtothestonewallsofthebedroom

28、andreceptionhall.畫(huà)上修理的部分仍留在寢室和招待廳的石墻上。Someofthesepaintedwallsarepreservedinplacestoaheightofonemeter.一些繪有壁畫(huà)的墻保存在一米高的地方。Inaddition,thousandsoffragmentsthatfelloffthewallshavebeenrecovered,thesepieceshavebeenputbacktogetherwithgreatcareanddisplayavarietyofimages.此外，墻上零落的無(wú)數(shù)碎片已經(jīng)獲得修復(fù)，這些碎片被謹(jǐn)小慎微地放回原處，體現(xiàn)各樣不

29、一樣的圖像。SomeoftheseimagesincludefiguresneverseenbeforeinFrance,suchasawomanplayingastringedinstrument,possiblyacharacterfrommythology.一些畫(huà)中包含以前在法國(guó)從沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的形象，比如一位女性在演奏弦樂(lè)，可能是神話(huà)中的人物。ThepaintingsweredonewithsuchskillandwithsuchexpensivedyesthatexpertsbelievetheartistoriginallycamefromItaly.這些畫(huà)都是以高明的技巧和昂貴的顏料

30、創(chuàng)作，以致于專(zhuān)家們以為藝術(shù)家來(lái)自于意大利。Theywerelikelyhiredbyoneofthecityselite,WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-perhapsaRomanofficialwantedPompeii-likeinteriortoremindhimofhome.他們可能是由城市的某位精英聘用，可能是一位羅馬官員想有龐貝古城那樣的內(nèi)部，讓他感覺(jué)到在自己家里。Hewasprobablystationedinthisprovincialtradingport,foundedin46B.C.asacolonyforveteransoftheRomanarmy.他可能駐扎在這個(gè)省級(jí)貿(mào)易港口，

31、這里于公元前46年成立，是羅馬軍隊(duì)老兵的殖民地。Ormaybeawealthylocalwantedtoshowoffhisworldlysophistication.也許是當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)富人想要顯示自己的干練。Thepaintingsmayyieldevenmorestunningsurprisesasadditionalsectionsareputtogether,likepiecesofapuzzle,當(dāng)其余部分像拼圖游戲同樣拼到一同的時(shí)候，這些畫(huà)甚至可能帶來(lái)更令人震撼的詫異。whoeveritwasthatcreatedsuchmagnificentpiecesofart,theysurel

32、yhadnoideathattheirworkwouldstillbearoundthousandsofyearslater.不論是誰(shuí)創(chuàng)建了這些壯觀(guān)的藝術(shù)，他們必定不知道其作品會(huì)保存幾千年。12.Whereisthespeakerstanding?表達(dá)者正站在哪處？13.Whatdothethousandsoffragmentsdisplaywhentheyareputbacktogether?當(dāng)數(shù)千塊碎片拼到一同時(shí)體現(xiàn)了什么？14.WhatmakesexpertsthinkthepaintingsweredonebyartistsfromItaly?專(zhuān)家為何會(huì)感覺(jué)這些畫(huà)是由意大利藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作？

33、15.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageabouttheownerofthemansion?從文中我們能夠認(rèn)辨別墅主人的什么信息？WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Recording1錄音1Goodafternoon,class.下午好，同學(xué)們。TodayIwanttodiscusswithyouanewapproachtoempiricalresearch.今日我想和你們議論實(shí)證研究的一種新方法。Inthepast,scientistsoftenworkedalone.在過(guò)去，科學(xué)家們常常單打獨(dú)斗。Theywereconfinedtotheuniversityorresearchce

34、nterwheretheyworked.他們受限于自己工作的大學(xué)或研究中心。Today,though,weareseeingmergersofsomeofthegreatestscientificminds,regardlessoftheirlocation.但此刻，只管處于不一樣的地方，我們看到一些最偉大的科學(xué)大腦的合作。Therehasneverbeenabettertimeforcollaborationswithforeignscientists.此刻是和外國(guó)科學(xué)家合作的最好時(shí)期。Infact,theEuropeanUnionistakingthelead.事實(shí)上，歐盟正發(fā)揮帶頭作用。

35、Spurredonbyfundingpolicies,halfofEuropeanresearcharticleshadinternationalco-authorsin2007,thisismorethantwicetheleveloftwodecadesago.受資助政策推進(jìn)，2007年有一半的歐洲研究論文都有國(guó)際合著者，這比二十年前多一倍。TheEuropeanUnionslevelofinternationalco-authorshipisabouttwicethatoftheUnitedStates,Japan,andIndia.歐盟的國(guó)際合著數(shù)目大體是美國(guó)、日本和印度的兩倍。Eve

36、nso,thelevelsinthesecountriesarealsorising.即便這樣，這些國(guó)家的水平也在上漲。ThisisasignofthecontinuedallureofcreatingWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-scientificcoalitionsacrossborders.這是成立跨境科學(xué)結(jié)盟的長(zhǎng)久誘因的標(biāo)記。AndrewSchubert,aresearcherattheinstituteforsciencepolicyresearch,saysthattherisingcollaborationispartlyoutofnecessity.科學(xué)政策研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究員安德魯舒伯

37、特說(shuō)，不停增添的合作在必定程度上是出于必需。Thisnecessitycomeswiththeriseofbigscience.這類(lèi)必需陪伴著大科學(xué)的興起。Manyscientificendeavorshavebecomemorecomplicated.好多科學(xué)研究已變得愈來(lái)愈復(fù)雜了。Thesenewcomplicationsrequirethemoneyandlaborofmanynations.這些新的難題需要多個(gè)國(guó)家的資本和勞動(dòng)。Buthesayscollaborationshavealsoemergedbecauseofincreasedpossibilities.可是他說(shuō)，合作的出現(xiàn)

38、也是因?yàn)榭赡苄栽鎏怼heinternetallowslike-mindedscientiststofindeachother.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓想法同樣的科學(xué)家互相聯(lián)系。Simultaneously,dramaticdropsincommunicationcostseaselong-distanceinteractions,andtheresareward.同時(shí)，交流成本大幅降低使長(zhǎng)距離互動(dòng)變得更為簡(jiǎn)單，這帶來(lái)了回報(bào)。Studiesofcitationcountsshowthatinternationalco-authoredpapershavebettervisibility.對(duì)引用率的研究表示，國(guó)

39、際合作的論文辨別度更高。Schubertsaysinternationalcollaborationisawaytospreadideasinwiderandwidercircles.舒伯特說(shuō)，國(guó)際合作是在更寬廣的圈子里流傳看法的一種方式。CarolineWagner,aresearchscientistatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,notesthatinternationalWORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-collaborationsofferadditionalflexibility.喬治華盛頓大學(xué)的研究科學(xué)家卡羅琳瓦格納說(shuō)，國(guó)際合作供給了更多靈巧性。Whereasloc

40、alcollaborationssometimespersistpastthepointofusefulness,becauseofsocialoracademicobligations,internationalonescanbecultivatedanddroppedmorefreely.因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)和學(xué)術(shù)義務(wù)，本地合作有時(shí)在無(wú)用的狀況下仍是要連續(xù)，但國(guó)際合作的成立和退出更為自由。Thecollaborativetrendistrueacrossscientificdisciplines.Somefeelsthoughhaveagreatertendencyforit.超越科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的合作趨向是

41、真切的?？墒且恍┤烁杏X(jué)趨向更強(qiáng)烈。Particlephysicistandastronomerscollaborateoften.Thissbecausetheymustshareexpensivefacilities.粒子物理學(xué)家和天文學(xué)家常常進(jìn)行合作。這是因?yàn)樗麄円欢ü蚕戆嘿F的設(shè)施。Mathematicians,bycontrast,tendhistoricallytowardssolitude.Asaconsequence,theylagbehindotherdisciplines.相反，數(shù)學(xué)家素來(lái)都偏向各自為戰(zhàn)。所以數(shù)學(xué)落伍于其余學(xué)科。However,Wagnersayspartner

42、shipsarerisingtheretoo.Thelevelofcollaborationalsovariesfromcountrytocountry.但瓦格納說(shuō)，數(shù)學(xué)界的合作也在增添。不一樣國(guó)家的合作水平也不一樣。Therearehistoricalandpoliticalreasonsastowhycollaborationsemerge,saysWagner.瓦格納說(shuō)，合作的出現(xiàn)有其歷史和政治原由。ThisriseisalsoapparentlyboostedbypoliciesembeddedinEuropeanframeworkfundingschemes.這類(lèi)增添很顯然也是由歐洲

43、框架資本計(jì)劃中的政策所推進(jìn)。WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-Thesepoliciesunderliefundingrequirementsthatoftenrequireteamwork.這些供給資本的政策條件常常要求團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。16.WhatdowelearnabouttheresearchfundingpoliciesintheEuropeanUnion?對(duì)于歐盟研究資本政策，我們知道什么？17.Whydoresearcherstodayfavorinternationalcollaboration?為何此刻的研究人員偏向國(guó)際合作？18.Whatdowelearnaboutthefieldofmat

44、hematics?對(duì)于數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，我們知道什么？Recording2錄音2Goodevening,in1959,onthedaythatIwasborn,aheadlineinLifemagazineproclaimedTargetVenus,ThereMayBeLifeThere.夜晚好，在1959年我出生的那天，生命雜志的一個(gè)標(biāo)題宣告，金星上可能會(huì)有生命。Ittoldofhowscientistsrodeaballoontoanaltitudeof80,000feettomaketelescopeobservationsofVenussatmosphere該文敘述了科學(xué)家如何乘氣球抵達(dá)八萬(wàn)英

45、尺高的地方用望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀(guān)察金星的大氣，andhowtheirdiscoveryofwaterraisedhopesthattherecouldbelivingthingsthere.以及他們發(fā)現(xiàn)水的這件事如何點(diǎn)燃金星上可能存在生命的希望。Asakid,IthrilledtotalesofadventureandIsaacasmostjuvenilesciencefictionnovel,LuckyStarrandtheOceansofVenus.小時(shí)候，我看少兒科幻小說(shuō)好運(yùn)之星和金星大海時(shí)特別激動(dòng)。Formanyofmypeers,though,VenusquicklylostitsWORD格式-

46、可編寫(xiě)-romance.但對(duì)于我的好多伙伴而言，金星很快就失掉了其浪漫色彩。TheveryfirstthingthatscientistsdiscoveredwithamissiontoanotherplanetwasthatVenuswasnotatalltheearthlyparadisethatfictionhadportrayed.科學(xué)家?guī)е蝿?wù)去另一個(gè)星球時(shí)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一件事就是，金星絕不是小說(shuō)里描述的那種人間天堂。Itisnearlyidenticaltoourownplanetandbulkpropertiessuchasmass,density,andsize.金星和我們的地球有

47、好多相像的特點(diǎn)，比如質(zhì)量、密度和體積都差不多。Butitssurfacehasbeencookedanddriedbyanoceanofcarbondioxide,trappedintheburningdeathgripofarunawaygreenhouseeffect.但其表面被二氧化碳大海烤干了，溫室效應(yīng)的酷熱籠蓋著金星。Venushaslongbeenheldupasacautionarytaleforeverythingthatcouldgowrongonaplanetlikeearth.金星向來(lái)都在警示我們，像地球這樣的星球假如出了問(wèn)題，就會(huì)像金星那樣。Asapossiblehom

48、eforalienlife,ithasbeenvotedtheplanetleastlikelytosucceed.作為外星生命可能生活的家園，金星被以為是最不行能有生命的星球。ButIhaverefusedtogiveuponVenus.可是我拒絕放棄金星上存在生命的希望。Andovertheyears,mystubbornloyaltyhasbeenjustified.在過(guò)去的多年里，我執(zhí)拗的堅(jiān)持獲得了證明。TherockyviewsglimpsedbytheNearerNineandotherRussianlanderssuggestedatorturedvolcanichistoryt

49、hatwasconfirmedintheearly1990sbytheAmericanMagellanorbiter,靠近九號(hào)探測(cè)器以及其余俄羅斯著陸艙看到的巖石情景表WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-明，美國(guó)麥哲倫軌道飛翔器在90年月所確認(rèn)的火山歷史確實(shí)存在，whichusedradartopeerthroughtheplanetsthickcloudsandmapoutarich,variedanddynamicsurface.該飛翔器使用雷達(dá)來(lái)穿透金星厚厚的云層，繪出該星球豐富多樣的動(dòng)向表面。Thesurfaceformedmostlyinthelastbillionyears,whichmakes

50、itfresherandmorerecentlyactivethananyrockyplanetotherthanearth.金星表面主假如在過(guò)去十億年形成，致使其表面比除了地球以外的其余巖石星球都更新、更活躍。RussianandAmericanspacecraftalsofoundhintsthatitsancientclimatemighthavebeenwetter,cooler,andpossiblyevenfriendlytolife.俄羅斯和美國(guó)宇宙飛船還發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些跡象：金星的古代天氣可能更潤(rùn)濕、更冷，可能甚至對(duì)生命更適合。Measurementsofdensityandcomp

51、ositionimplythatVenusoriginallyformedoutofbasicallythesamestuffasearththatpresumablyincludedmuchmorewaterthanthetinytracewefindblowinginthethickairtoday.密度和組成的丈量表示，剛開(kāi)始時(shí)形成金星的物質(zhì)和地球是同樣的，比那些我們此刻發(fā)現(xiàn)厚大氣層下漂浮的小印跡包含更多的水。Thus,ourpictureofVenusataroundthattimelifewasgettingstartedonearthisoneofwarmoceans,probab

52、lyrichwithorganicmoleculessplashingaroundrockyshoresandvolcanicvents.所以，金星在地球生命發(fā)源時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)暖和的大海，巖石邊沿和火山口鄰近可能?chē)姵龃笈袡C(jī)分子。Thesunwasconsiderablylessbrightbackthen.當(dāng)時(shí)的太陽(yáng)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有此刻這么亮。So,Venuswasarguablyacozy,ahabitatforlifethanearth.所以，金星當(dāng)時(shí)是一個(gè)比地球更舒坦的生命棲息地。WORD格式-可編寫(xiě)-19.WhatdowelearnfromtheLifemagazinearticle?我們從生命

53、雜志的文章中知道什么？20.WhatarescientistsfindingsaboutVenus?科學(xué)家環(huán)繞金星的發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么？21.WhatinformationdidRussianandAmericanspaceprobesprovideaboutVenus?俄羅斯和美國(guó)的空間探測(cè)供給了對(duì)于金星的什么信息？Recording3錄音3ImapsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Ispecializeinculturalpsychology,examiningsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEa

54、stAsiansandNorthAmericans.Ourresearchteamhasbeenlookingatculturaldifferencesinself-enhancingmotivations,helppeoplehavepositivefeelingstowardsnotonlythemselvesbutthingsconnectedtothemselves.Forexample,whenyouownsomething,youviewitasmorevaluablethanwhenyoudontownit.Itscalledtheendowmenteffect.Thestren

55、gthofthateffectisstrongerinwesternculturesthaninEastAsiancultures.Sowevebeenlookingatotherwaysofseeingwhetherthismotivationtoviewoneselfpositivelyisshapedbyculturalexperiences.Wevealsostartedtolookathowcultureshapessleep.Wearestillintheexploratorystagesofthisproject,althoughwhatsnoteworthythatEastAsiansonaveragesleepaboutanhourandahalflesseachnightthanNorthAmericansdo.Anditsnotamoreefficientsleep,notliketheyrecompressingr