1、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)語法講解和習(xí)題牢固構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞have(has)表示事情發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞在句子中做謂語，說明句子的含義。2.用法（1）動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet等副詞修飾。如：Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我方才吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始素來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能依舊在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀

2、語。如：Hehastaughtheresince2011.他自2011年就在這兒教書。（可能還要連續(xù)教）Ihavetseenherforfouryears.我有四年沒見到她了。since和for的差異since后接時間點，如8:00，lastterm,yesterday,3daysagofor后接一段時間，表示“長達多久”，如oneyear,twodays,alongtime等。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia

3、_5days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_manyyears.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three

4、times等時間狀語。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去過北京二次。3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語（1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能夠和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在重申換作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響時，能夠和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于必定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。Theyhaventfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他們還

5、沒有完成作業(yè)。用ever和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“以前”或“從未“等。如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你以前往過長城嗎？-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我從未去過長城。c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just,before,thepastfewyears等。比方：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.近幾年他去過那處三次了。d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀

6、語，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。比方：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihavent.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。2）現(xiàn)在完成時能夠和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，素來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：Ihaventseenhimfortwoyears.Shehasworkedinthefactoryfor5year.但是，像come,arrive,buy等停止性動詞不能夠與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必定改為相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動詞來表述。表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive,leave,borr

7、ow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成時中間不能夠和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不能能連續(xù)。因此，不能夠說：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4years.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.以上三句話能夠改為：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_for4years.Theyhave_onlyfor5minutes.現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非連續(xù)性動詞到連續(xù)性動詞的變換：1.直接用連續(xù)性動詞buyhave；catch(get)acoldhaveacold；borrow

8、keep；becomebe；puton-wear2.變換成be+名詞jointhearmybeasoldier；jointhePartybeaPartymember；gotoschoolbeastudent3變換成be+形容詞或副詞diebedead；finishbeover；beginbeon；leavebeaway；fallsleepbeasleepclosebeclosedcometo/goto/arriveat(in)+某地bein(at)+某地finishbeoveropenbeopen4.變換成be+介詞短語gotoschoolbeinschool；getup_beup；如：Heh

9、asbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他參軍三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。WehavealreadystudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)英語三年了。4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的差異現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時重申的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：Ihavelostmynewbook.我把新書

10、丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）5.幾點注意事項1）havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的差異：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q，前者可與once,never,manytimes等連用，后者則不能夠。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們曾去過北京兩次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他已經(jīng)去北京了。（2）如單純表示一段時間，或重申一段時間，雖有

11、since一詞，也不用用完成時。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。一、單項選擇1.LiHonghas_thearmyfor2years.A.joinedB.beinC.beenin2.Wehavebeenfriendssince_.A.childrenB.fiveyearsC.fiveyearsago3.Mike_thestoryforamonth.A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hadhad4.You_thatquestionthreetimes.A.alread

12、yaskedB.havealreadyaskedC.alreadyhaveaskedD.askedalready5.ThoseforeignfriendsleftGuangzhou_.A.sincelastweekB.aweekagoC.foraweekD.sinceaweekago6.I_atthisschoolfortwoyears.A.amstudyingB.studyC.studiedD.joinedinD.fiveyearsbeforeD.hasborrowedD.havestudied7.They_inthecitysincelastsummer.A.liveB.didntlive

13、C.havelivedD.live8.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_1992.A.sinceB.fromC.afterD.in9.Mr.Black_Chinasincethesummerof1998.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hascometoD.cameto10.Hisfather_foryears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies11.Mary_toseethefilmsbecauseshe_ittwice.A.wontgo,sawB.wontgo,willseeC.wontgo,hasseenD.didntgo

14、,sees13._you_England?Yes,it_abeautifulcountry.A.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is14.-_you_toBeijing?-No,I_.I_thereearlynextmonth.A.Have,been,havent,amgoingB.Had,been,hadnt,amgoingC.Have,gone,havent,wasgoingD.Did,go,didnt,wasgoing15.-Yousister_toLondontostudyEnglish.Istha

15、ttrue?-Yes,she_therefortwomonths.A.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgoneC.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen42.Hissister_herhometownforthreeyears.ShellreturnnextyearAleftBhasleftChasbeenawayDhasbeenawayfrom以合適形式填空I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.-_he_(finish)hisworktoday?-Notyet.-_you_(be)toHongKong?-Ye

16、s,I_(be)theretwice.-_youever_(eat)chocolatesundaes?-No,never.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.6.WheresLiMing?He_(go)totheteachersoffice.句型變換(每空一詞)。1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否定句)I_beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehe就劃線部分s提ill問()_hecometoschool?3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5year

17、s.(就劃線部散提問)_learnedEnglish?5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)We_English_threeyears6.Hehaslivedheresince1999.(就劃線部散提問)_he_here?7.Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.（否定）They_thework_.8.Myfathergottheretwodaysago.（同義句）Myfather_fortwodays.9.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.（同義句）Mr.Li_Eng

18、lishinthisschoolsince1999.10.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同義句）Thefactory_fortenyears.11.Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwicethisweek.(就劃線部散提問)_they_theclassroomthisweek?12.MyfatherwenttoEnglandin2003and2005.（同義句）Myfather_England_.13.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同義句）John_Beijing_threeyears.14.Hiscompanyopenedin2013.（同義句）Hiscompany_2013.15.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同義句）Myfather_thecar_halfayear.16.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.（同義句）We_eachother_about15years.17.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同義句）Thefilm_fortenminutes.18.Heborrowedt