1、EllipsisUsing languageEllipsisUsing language Ellipsis省略 省略是一種避免重復、保持句子簡潔的語法現(xiàn)象。凡是缺少一個或一個以上的必要語言成分, 在一定語境中能夠獨立存在, 意義明確, 并且能發(fā)揮交際功能的句子就是省略句。 一般說來, 只要不破壞語法結構或者引起歧義, 能省略的就應省略。省略不僅使句子結構顯得緊湊, 而且也是分句和分句之間的承接紐帶。 Ellipsis省略 省略的用法1. 并列句中的省略 一般說來, 在后一并列句中凡是與上文相同的成分通常都可省略。 I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine

2、. 省略的用法2. 復合句中的省略(1)定語從句如果關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語, 這個關系代詞可以省略。Hes the man (who/that)you can safely depend on. 2. 復合句中的省略(2)狀語從句 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致, 且狀語從句中含有be動詞時, 省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。When (the novel is)published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. Although(he was)hard-working, he couldnt ear

3、n enough to support himself. (2)狀語從句(3)賓語從句 引導賓語從句的that一般情況下, 可以省略。that后面的賓語從句較長或其他一些特殊情況下, that不能省略。I hope (that)youll be fine soon. (3)賓語從句(4)主句省略 有時整個主句都可省略, 只剩下一個從句。這種省略現(xiàn)象通常出現(xiàn)在簡短答語中。You all like the story? Yes, except that the conclusion is too hasty. (4)主句省略3. 虛擬語氣中的省略(1)虛擬條件句常省略if, 而將were, had

4、, should提前構成部分倒裝。Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her. 3. 虛擬語氣中的省略(2)在 一堅持(insist), 二命令(order, command), 三建議(suggest, propose, advise), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask) 等后的賓語從句中, 含這些詞的派生詞的其他主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句, 以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that. . . 從句中常省略should。We insist

5、ed that they(should) go with us. It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film. (2)在 一堅持(insist), 4. 動詞不定式的省略(1)有些動詞(詞組), 如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作賓語時, 為了避免重復, 可以省略動詞只保留到to, 但如果在省略的不定式結構中含有系動詞be和助動詞have, 這些動詞就要保留。 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the stree

6、t, but his mother told him not to. He is not the man he used to be. 4. 動詞不定式的省略(2)兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列時, 第一個帶to, 后面可以省去to; 但如果兩個不定式表示對比關系時, 則to不可省略。His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house. His dream is to be successful but not just to make money.(2)兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列時, 第一個帶to, 后面可

7、(3)感官動詞(詞組)see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役動詞make, let, have等的后面作賓語補足語的不定式要省略to; 但此類動詞的被動語態(tài)中的to不可省略。I saw him enter the room just now. I didnt know who made him cry. He was seen to cry in the street.(3)感官動詞(詞組)see, look at, hear,(4)在某些句式中, 如介詞but前有動詞do的任何形式, 后面的不定式要省略to。I can do noth

8、ing but wait. (4)在某些句式中, 如介詞but前有動詞do的任何形式, 5. 介詞的省略(1)在英語中一些與動詞、名詞、形容詞搭配的介詞常被省略, 而只保留后面的動名詞。 spend time/money(in)doing sth. ; have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth. ; prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth. 。I have some trouble (in) learning English. 5. 介詞的省略(2)表示時間的介詞at, on和in在next, last, this, each, the

9、se, yesterday, every, tomorrow等詞之前, 一般可省略。We have a final exam every term. (2)表示時間的介詞at, on和in在next, last6. 替代性省略英語中, 可以使用so, not或其他手段來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個句子。Can I put my bike here? Youd better not. 6. 替代性省略【即學活用】把下面句子變?yōu)槭÷跃?1)It is a beautiful day, isnt it? _, isnt it? (2)She was poor but she was honest.

10、 She was poor but _. Beautiful day honest【即學活用】Beautiful day hones(3)What do you think made Mary so upset? Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset. What do you think made Mary so upset? _. (4)When they are seen from the plane, the houses look like tiny toys. _, the houses look like tiny toys. Losi

11、ng her new bicycleSeen from the plane(3)What do you think made Mar(5)Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I was going to come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (6)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is my g

12、randpa. The man _last night is my grandpa. was going to you visited(5)Alice, why didnt you come(7)If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. _, I would be strict with my students. (8)My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to go to college. My parents encouraged me

13、to go to college, but I _. Were I a teacher didnt want to(7)If I were a teacher, I woul(9)Do you think he is a good student? I dont think he is a good student. Do you think he is a good student? I _. (10)She was heard to sing last night. I _last night. I think not heard her sing(9)Do you think he is

14、 a good Look at the sentences and compare themWhat has been left out in sentences (a) and (b)?Sentence (a) leaves out “l(fā)ines”.Sentence (b) leaves out “it is”. Why does the author leave them out? To avoid repeating the word or expression that is too obvious and make the sentences more concise. Look a

15、t the sentences and compFind out what words have been removed before or after the underlined words. its ways (to forecast the weather) dry period (thats on the way)more loudly (than usual)(look) for birdswhen and where (something bad is going to happen)Find out what words have been The 8.1 magnitude

16、 earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015, was one of the worst earthquakes in history. On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid. Remove words from the news report to make it more concise Remove words fro International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.

17、 Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive. Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also included earthquake experts. By early May, emergency ai

18、d worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round of emergency aid to follow. International rescue Types of natural disasters Types of Which one do you think is the most dangerous?2. Can you name some big natural disasters in history?Which one do you think is the Complet

19、e the reports typhoon wildfireavalanchesearthquaketsunamiblizzarddroughtComplete the reports typhoon wSummarize the words describing natural disastersSummarize the words describingExtreme weather conditionsExtreme weather conditionsWhat do you know about weather forecasting?What do you know about we

20、atherListen & Match Listen & Match Weather forecastingwarm clothes-15fry meat on the roadget medical attentionhurricanesafe indoors13through floodwaters25wildfires Weather forecastingwarm clotheWork in pairs. Act out the conversation to talk about an extreme weather condition.Student A:You from a TV

21、 report that Student Bs city has been suffering from rainstorms and floods. Call Student B to check if he /she is safe and ask about the weather. Information youd like to know : how long the rainstorms have lasted the effect of the rainstorms on his/her city how to cope during rainstorms and floods

22、what you can do to help how the weather has changed over recent years. Useful expressionsI m calling to check thatHow long havelasted?What s the effect of ?How do you cope with?Is there anything I can do to?How has the weather changed?Work in pairs. Act out the conStudent B:Your city has been suffering from rainstorms a