1、高考語法復習系列二名 詞.精品課件.1名詞專有名詞(Proper Nouns)普通名詞(Common Nouns)個體名詞(Individual Nouns)集體名詞(Collective Nouns)物質名詞(Material Nouns)抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns)不可數(shù)名詞(Uncountable Nouns)可數(shù)名詞(Countable Nouns).精品課件.21. 可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)給出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式 policeman child mouse tooth foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch

2、thief mosquitopolicemenchildrenmiceteethfeetpotatoesheroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoes.精品課件.3 watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-onwatchesladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoes

3、incheshalveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirl friendssisters-in-lawmen servantslookers-on.精品課件.4I.可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變法情況加法例詞一般情況以s,x,ch,sh,結尾的詞以輔音y結尾的詞以輔音+o 結尾的詞以f或fe結尾的詞加-s加-es去y加-ies多數(shù)加-es 把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses; watches; dishesLadies; countriesHeroes; tomatoesHalves; leaves.精品課件.5

4、不規(guī)則名詞單復數(shù)變化:（1）單復數(shù)同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工廠), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss （2）改變字母：man -men, woman -women, policeman -policemen, saleswoman -saleswomen, foot -feet, tooth -teeth, goose -geese, Mouse -Mice , phenomenon -phenomena 另： penny （pence或 pennies）（3）增加字母:

5、 child -children, ox -oxen.精品課件.6（4）以o結尾的詞： 加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco 加es: tomato, potato, hero 另：zero （zeros或 zeroes） （5）以f或fe結尾的詞: 直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 變f為v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief 另外：handkerchief （handkerchiefs或handkerchieves） b

6、eef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢騷）.精品課件.7(6) 合成名詞的復數(shù)形式： 將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)： looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law 將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)： grown-up(s), go-between(s) (中間人）， good-for-nothing(s) (無用之人） 含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名詞： 它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復數(shù)形式。 如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers 含man或 woman的合成名詞： 它們隨其后名詞單復數(shù)

7、的變化而變化。如： a man doctor, two men doctors .精品課件.8A名詞只能用復數(shù)形式的短語：do exercises （做操）take notes (做筆記）take turns （輪流）make repairs （搞修理）change trains （改換火車）make friends with （交朋友）shake hands with (握手）as follows （如下）in rags （衣衫襤褸）in dozens （成打的）.精品課件.9B有些名詞單復數(shù)形式含義特別常見woods works waters clothes customs manners

8、 sands spirits feelings goods papers surroundings games forces times looks arms conditions Instructions（森林)（工廠）(水域)(衣服)(海關)(禮貌)(沙灘)(精神,烈酒)(感情)(貨物)(報紙,文件)(環(huán)境)(運動會)(軍隊)(時代)(外表)(武器)(形式,情況)(說明).精品課件.10II.不可數(shù)名詞的”數(shù)”1. 抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如：抽象名詞（不可數(shù)） 具體化（個體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）in surprise驚訝地 a surprise一件令人驚訝的事win

9、success獲得成功 a success一個(件)成功的人(事)win honor贏得榮譽 an honor一個(件)引以為榮的(事)Failure(失敗)is the mother of success 失敗是成功之母。a failure失敗者by experience靠經驗 an experience一次經歷youth青春 a youth一個青年人have pity on sb.憐憫某人 a pity可惜的事情with pleasure樂意 a pleasure樂事.精品課件.112. 抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。如：A knowle

10、dge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings. .精品課件.123. 物質名詞有前置定語修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。 have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast The road is covered

11、 with snow. They have a heavy snow every year. Time and tide wait for no man. We had a wonderful time last night.精品課件.134.有些物質名詞以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如：The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.精品課件.14常見的不可數(shù)名詞pr

12、ogress advice funinformation furniture workbaggage luggage news jewelry weather paper (紙張) equipment trouble knowledge homework.精品課件.15有復數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞有些抽象名詞往往以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情色彩或強調某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeti

13、ng?Many thanks for your kindness.No pains, no gains.After many failures, they finally succeeded.精品課件.16III. 名詞單復數(shù)的特殊情況:(1) 集體名詞只用作復數(shù)： police , cattle , people , poultry, the youth(2) 集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth(3) 集體名詞視具體情況而定單復數(shù)： family, class, p

14、opulation, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy(4) 只有復數(shù)形式的名詞: clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources.精品課件.17(5) 以s結尾但不表示復數(shù): mathematics, physics, p

15、olitics, statistics, news, woods(森林), works(工廠)(6) 有沒有s結尾意義不同： glass glasses, cloth clothes, work works, water waters, wood woods, goodgoods, time times(時代), paper papers(論文), green greens(青菜), custom customs(海關), spirit spirits(酒精,情緒), light lights(燈), experience experiences(經歷), arm arms(武器), iron

16、 irons(鐐銬,熨斗), compass(指南針) compasses(圓規(guī)), (7) 姓氏后加s并帶冠詞，表一家人或夫婦倆: the Greens ；the Chengs.精品課件.18(8) 名詞單復數(shù)形式意義相同的短語：make faces / a face（做鬼臉）Have talks / a talk with sb.(與某人交談）Play jokes / a joke on （拿開玩笑）Make contributions / a contribution to （為做貢獻）(9)名詞單復數(shù)意義不同的短語：Have a word with sb. （與某人說句話）Have w

17、ords with sb. （與某人吵架）Make cloth (織布）Make clothes （制衣）.精品課件.19名詞的所有格.精品課件.20一:s型用法（有生命的所有格）有生命的所有格李平的自行車湯姆的作品 Tom and Marys father Toms and Marys fathers 2.表某人家，店鋪名稱，常省去所有格后的名詞At Greens , at my unclesAt the tailorsLi pings bike Toms works共有各有.精品課件.21表示時間，距離，集體，城市，國家，團體，機構等todays newspaper ten minutes

18、 walkthe stations waiting room.精品課件.224.somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else 后如果這字典不是你的，會是誰的？If this dictionary isnt yours,whoelses can it be?.精品課件.23二：of 型.Of 型（無生命名詞所有格）我們學校的學生房間的窗戶The students of our schoolthe window of the room2.雙重屬格： 既有s的屬格，又有of的屬格。通常s屬格表示所有關系，of屬格表示部分與整體的關系。如:a friend of my fathers; a